A review of the taxonomic and ecological characteristics of Korean mistletoe types (Viscum, Korthalsella, Loranthus and Taxillus)

김찬수,김수영,선병윤,이재선 한국식물분류학회 2013 식물 분류학회지 Vol.43 No.2

In general, studies of aerial parasitic plants known collectively as mistletoe have been carried out to investigate their ecological and agricultural characteristics. However, with the recently increased level of interest in medicinal resources, research on different types of Korean mistletoe has also increased. This study was carried out to review the work on the taxonomy and ecology of Korean mistletoe in preparation for the industrial use of these plants in the future. Mistletoe types are flowering plants belonging to Santalales, which exist in the form of parasites on the branches of trees or shrubs. In Korea, five taxa of four genera in two families of mistletoe exist: Viscum coloratum (Komarov) Nakai f. coloratum, Viscum coloratum (Komarov) Nakai f. rubroaurantiacum (Makino) Kitagawa and Korthalsella japonica (Thunb.) Engl. in Santalaceae, along with Loranthus tanakae Franch. et Sav. and Taxillus yadoriki (Sieb. ex Maxim.) Danser in Loranthaceae. As taxonomic studies of these species remain insufficient and given that the distribution ranges of these species are very wide, further observations pertaining to the morphological variations in each species are necessary. The distribution of mistletoes is known to be determined by the host specificity, the interval between the hosts, the environmental condition, the habits of the host plant, the eating characteristics of mediators in the area, and their habitat selection features.

柳樹奇生의 라디칼 소거활성 성분

이청학,안달래,최훈,양재헌,이은별,형명명,도초,신태용,조종현,이재혁,박정숙,김대근 한국생약학회 2012 생약학회지 Vol.43 No.4

In the course of screening for antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract of the twigs of Taxillus delavayi (Loranthaceae) was found to show potent radical scavenging activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of two phenolic compounds,catechin (1) and galloyl catechin (2), as active principles. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. These two compounds showed the significant antioxidative effects on DPPH, and riboflavin- and xanthin-originated superoxide quenching activities. And these two compounds also showed strong nitric oxide radical scavenging effects. In riboflavin- and xanthin-originated superoxide quenching activities and nitric oxide radical scavenging effect, compound 2 showed better antioxidant activities than vitamin C.

상기생의 트라이테르펜 및 페놀성 성분

최상진(Sang Zin Choi),권학철(Hak Cheol Kwon),정애경(Ae Kyung Chung),최상운(Sang Un Choi),김경란(Kyung Ran Kim),이선미(Sun Mee Lee),표석능(Suhk Neung Pyo),이강노(Kang Ro Lee) 대한약학회 2001 약학회지 Vol.45 No.6

The phytochemical study of Viscum album (Loranthaceae) led to the isolation of twelve compounds, lupeol (1), betulonic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), termitic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6),α- spinasterol (7), oleanolic acid (8), 5- hydroxy-1-(4'- hydoxyphenyl)-7-(4"-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1-en-3-on (9), 2'- hydroxy- 4',6'-dimethoxychalcone-4-0-glucoside (10), 2'-hydroxy-4',6'-dime thoxychalcon e-4-0-[apio-syl(1-> 2)]glucoside (11) and sringin (12). Their structures were established by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay against five cultured human tumor cell lines.

A new species of genus Dendrophthoe Mart. (Lorantheae-Loranthaceae) from the Peninsular India

Lal Ji Singh,Vinay Ranjan,L. Rasingam,J. Swamy 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.3

Dendrophthoe gamblei (Loranthaceae) a new species from the Peninsular India is described and illustratedalong with conservation status. Apparently, new species is similar to Dendrophthoe memecylifolia(Wight and Arn.) Danser but strictly differs in respect to its morphology of vegetative and floral characters. A taxonomic key to the species of Dendrophthoe Mart. from India is also provided.

한국산 겨우살이 전초의 Methanol 추출물로부터의 암세포증식 저해성분의 분리

서지희,최연희,김정숙,김성기,최상운,김영섭,김영균,김성훈,유시용 한국생약학회 2004 생약학회지 Vol.35 No.2

A bioassay-guided fractionation of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum Ohwi (Loranthaceae) led to the isolation of two triterpenoidal components; oleanolic acid (1) and b-amyrin acetate (2), and a flavonoid, homoflavoyadorinin B (3) as well as large quantity of free fatty acid mixtures as active ingredients of the extract responsible for the antitumoral property. The EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract demonstrated a significant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system), and HCT-15 (colon) in vitro, whereas the remaining water soluble fraction exhibited a poor inhibition. The intensive phytochemical investigation of the EtOAc soluble fraction and BuOH soluble fraction of the extract indicated that the oleanolic acid (1) and large amounts of free fatty acid mixtures might be attributed to the in vitro antitumoral property of the whole extract of Viscum album var. coloratum.

A new species Dendrophthoe laljii (Loranthaceae) infesting Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Pasupuleti Sivaramakrishna,Pulicherla Yugandhar,Gautam Anuj Ekka 국립중앙과학관 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.14 No.3

Dendrophthoe laljii sp. nov. (Loranthaceae) from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, is described as anaerial branch hemiparasite on Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae). The notes on conservationstatus and germination ecology were also depicted in this study. Apparently, this species resemblesD. curvata (Blume) Miq, but strictly differs in vegetative morphology and floral characteristics. A taxonomickey to the species of Dendrophthoe Mart. in India is also provided.

Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench

Omar Z. Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Ko Jin Quek,Mohd. Z. Asmawi 대한약침학회 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1

Objectives: Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant’s traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation. Methods: We surveyed available literature covering ethnopharmacological usage of L. ferrugineus and discussed relevant findings, including important future directions and shortcomings for the medicinal values of this parasitic shrub. Results: Evidence based pharmacological approaches significantly covered the medicinal application of L. ferrugineus for hypertension and gastrointestinal complaint management, with a particular focus on the active hydrophilic extract of this herb. Conclusion: Understanding the sites of action of this plant and its beneficial effects will provide justification for its use in old traditional treatments, and potentially lead to the development of therapies. Other medicinal applicative areas of this parasitic shrub, such as wound healing, gerontological effects, and antiviral and anticancer activities, are yet to be researched.

Loranthus ferrugineus: a Mistletoe from Traditional Uses to Laboratory Bench

Ameer, Omar Z.,Salman, Ibrahim M.,Quek, Ko Jin,Asmawi, Mohd. Z. KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2015 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.18 No.1

Objectives: Loranthus ferrugineus (L. ferrugineus) from Loranthaceae, a mistletoe, is a medicinal herb used for a variety of human ailments. Traditionally, decoctions of this parasitic shrub have been mainly used to treat high blood pressure (BP) and gastrointestinal complaints; usage which is supported by experimental based pharmacological investigations. Nonetheless, there is still limited data available evaluating this plant's traditions, and few studies have been scientifically translated toward evidence based phytomedicine. We therefore provide a concise review of the currently available L. ferrugineus literature and discuss potential directions for future areas of investigation. Methods: We surveyed available literature covering ethnopharmacological usage of L. ferrugineus and discussed relevant findings, including important future directions and shortcomings for the medicinal values of this parasitic shrub. Results: Evidence based pharmacological approaches significantly covered the medicinal application of L. ferrugineus for hypertension and gastrointestinal complaint management, with a particular focus on the active hydrophilic extract of this herb. Conclusion: Understanding the sites of action of this plant and its beneficial effects will provide justification for its use in old traditional treatments, and potentially lead to the development of therapies. Other medicinal applicative areas of this parasitic shrub, such as wound healing, gerontological effects, and antiviral and anticancer activities, are yet to be researched.

Antioxidant, antinociceptive activity and general toxicity study of Dendrophthoe falcata and isolation of quercitrin as the major component

Hasan, Md Shihab,Ahmed, Md Iqbal,Mondal, Sukla,Masud, Mohammad Methedi,Sadhu, Samir Kumar,Ishibashi, Masami,Uddin, Shaikh Jamal Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.4

Plants have been used in traditional medicinal system for centuries. Bangladeshi medicinal plants have received considerable attention from the researchers for evaluation of their bioactivity. As a part of our ongoing research of screening the Bangladeshi medicinal plants, the ethanolic extract of Dendrophthoe falcata have been chosen for the present study. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of the plant have been assessed for their antioxidant, antinociceptive, and general toxicity. The extract showed potent antioxidant activity ($IC_{50}5.1{\mu}g/ml$) using DPPH radical scavenging assay, which is comparable to the standard ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}4.6{\mu}g/ml$). The extract significantly and dose dependently inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing in mice (71.2%, P < 0.001 and 28.0%, P < 0.05 for 500 and 250 mg/kg body weight, respectively). A general toxicity was assessed by a simple and low cost assay using brine shrimp lethality as an indicator. The extract showed low level of toxicity ($LC_{50}100{\mu}g/ml$). Using different chromatographic techniques, quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-${\alpha}$-rhamnoside) was separated as the major component from the extract. The structure was elucidated by detailed 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral analysis.

마우스 Macrophage의 IL-1 및 TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비유도에 있어서 한국산 겨우살이 추출물이 미치는 영향

윤택준,유영춘,홍은경,조영호,이석원,유보림,김종배,Yoon, Taek-Joon,Yoo, Yung-Choon,Hong, Eun-Kyung,Cho, Young-Ho,Lee, Suk-Won,Azuma, I.,Yoo, Bo-Im,Kim, Jong-Bae 한국생약학회 1994 생약학회지 Vol.25 No.2

To investigate the effect of Korean mistletoe on stimulation of macrophage, the activity to induce interleukine-1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factors-${\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ from murine peritoneal macrophage by its extracts originated from oak was examined. From in vitro analysis of the cytokines using the culture supernatants of macrophages stimulated with its extracts for 1hr, it was found that Korean mistletoe induces IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from murine macrophage. Furthermore, both extracts of Korean mistletoes that were extracted with distilled water and 2% acetic acid exhibited a significant activity to induce two cytokines. In the stimulation for 30 min, Korean mistletoe at concentration of $1{\sim}100\;\mu/ml$ showed a significant induction of IL-1 from macrophage until 24 hrs after stimulation, showing maximal activity on $5{\sim}10\;hrs\;at\;10{\sim}100\;\mu/ml$. On the other hand, $TNF-{\alpha}$ was induced on the early period, 2 hrs, after stimulation at a wide range of concentration, $1{\sim}500\;\mu/ml$. In addition, the fraction of Korean mistletoe from 80% saturated ammonium sulphate precipitation showed a significant activity to induce both cytokines from macrophage. The present study demonstrates that Korean mistletoe contains immunoregulatory factors responsible for stimulating murine macrophage to secrete IL-1 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ which play an important role in immune responses, and suggests that the activity of Korean mistletoe to induce two cytokines is functioned by a possible independent stimulation manner.