예방접종과 육아수첩에 대한 부모들의 인지도

김한진,위규석,김창휘,신상만,이상주 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

A study was performed to get some information about the parents' attitudes regarding immunization and immunization record. Five hundred and ninety nine parents who visited to well baby clinics in 4 affiliated hospitals of Soonchunhyang University were randomly selected and requested to fill up the questionnaire. The results were as follows ; 1. A majority of respondants(83.5%) to questionnaires brought the immunization record with their children when immunization. 2. The number of parents who know the primary immunization schedule correctly were 304(50.8%) and majority of the parents misunderstood chicken pox vaccination as primary immunization. 3. About the half of the respondants(49.5%) received immunization by pediatritian. Percentages of the parents who received immunization at regional health care center were 24.1% in Seoul and 42.8% in other cities. 4. Only below half of the respondants(45.7%) thought to be satisfied to physician's information about the side effects of vaccination and 26.9% of the respondants never get the information about any side effects. 5. Many of the respondants(80.6%) thought that there was no or few advantage to immunization by pediatritian. 6. Most of the cases(84.1%) record the immunization status and which were done by nurse(51.4%), physician(27.1%) and parents themselves(21.5%) 7. Only the 21.5% of the respondants received the record of growth and development milestones of their children and 37.7% of the respondants experienced nutritional counseling when vaccination. 8. The reasons of importance of immunization records are for general evaluation of child health since at birth(58.6%) and for not to skip routine vaccination(40.1%).

우리나라의 백신 정책

이종구,최원석 대한감염학회 2008 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.40 No.1

Immunization is the most effective and cost-beneficial means to prevent infectious diseases. So it has been regarded as one of the most important public health interventions in many countries and taken seriously in the aspect of national security related to smallpox and avian influenza. A variety of fields including production and distribution of vaccines, quality control of immunization, immunization registry, control of adverse events following immunization, and control of vaccine-preventable diseases should be considered for making and conducting the immunization policy. Korea has a long history of immunization since smallpox vaccination had been introduced in 1882, and many immunization strategies, including measles elimination program, have been carried out successfully. But there are still some problems to be solved for improving public health through immunization. KCDC (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is making every effort to analyze and solve the problems, especially in the area of evidence-based policy- making, improving immunization coverage by supporting cost for vaccination, promoting public trust in immunization, laying the foundation for vaccine production, and eliminating vaccine- preventable diseases through immunization.

우리나라의 백신 정책

이종구,최원석 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

Immunization is the most effective and cost-beneficial means to prevent infectious diseases. So it has been regarded as one of the most important public health interventions in many countries and taken seriously in the aspect of national security related to smallpox and avian influenza. A variety of fields including production and distribution of vaccines, quality control of immunization, immunization registry, control of adverse events following immunization, and control of vaccine-preventable diseases should be considered for making and conducting the immunization policy. Korea has a long history of immunization since smallpox vaccination had been introduced in 1882, and many immunization strategies, including measles elimination program, have been carried out successfully. But there are still some problems to be solved for improving public health through immunization. KCDC (Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is making every effort to analyze and solve the problems, especially in the area of evidence-based policy-making, improving immunization coverage by supporting cost for vaccination, Promoting public trust in immunization, laying the foundation for vaccine production, and eliminating Vaccine-preventable diseases through immunization.

보건소 예방접종 전산프로그램의 운영 현황 분석

이건세 ( Kun Sei Lee ),이석구 ( Seok Goo Lee ),이무식 ( Moo Sik Lee ),신의철 ( Eui Chul Shin ),김영택 ( Young Taek Kim ),이연경 ( Yeon Kyeng Lee ) 한국보건행정학회 2003 보건행정학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Background: Immunization has been one of the most effective measures preventing from infectious diseases. However, children routine vaccination rate of Korea was 68.2% and it was not higher than expected. Korean government revised the School Health Law for every primary school children to submit the vaccination certificate record from 2005. It is quite important national infectious disease prevention policy to keep the immunizations rate high and monitor the immunizations rate continuously. To do this, National Institute of Health introduced the National Immunization Registry(NIR) Program at 2000. Objective: The aims of this study was to evaluate the Immunization Registry program which has been implementing since 2000 at the Public Health Centers(PHC). Methods: The mail survey was done from November 2001 to January 2002. 169 (69%) Public Health Centers among 244 PHC were responded. Results: The respondents of PHC said the Immunization Registry(IR) program had reduced the workload (18.5%). 69.2% said they inputted the immunization data into the IR program after the shots were given. 86.5% said they hadn`t checked or retrieved the children lists who had missed the scheduled immunization. Only 17.2% said the speed of internet for the IR program was good. It showed that 20% of respondents hadn`t written down documents, records on immunization any more. Even there were a lot of negative results, the respondents of PHC thought that the IR program was effective. They especially agreed that the IR program could make the job accurate (81.5%), convenient (71.3%), and reduced the chances of making mistakes (71.3%), increase the service quality (78.5%). And they were well adapting the job process of the IR (79.63%). Bivariate analysis showed that the software program was the important determinants of IR success. The only Bit Computer software program has been evaluated to be less satisfactory than the Integrated (Posdata operating system + Bit software) program. Other variables, such as age, duration of present job, and location of PHC (metropolitan, small city, rural area) were not significantly related. Conclusion: It seemed that the success of NIR might depend on the software program. Because Integrated program, which has been developed from 1994, include not only the general operating and management program for PHC but also IR program. It was natural to prefer Integrated program to Bit software program. So we can suggest that it is essential for the NIR to be successful that not only the immunization software program but also hardware equipments and public health information system should be further improved.

Nasal immunization with major epitope-containing ApxIIA toxin fragment induces protective immunity against challenge infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a murine model

Seo, K.W.,Kim, S.H.,Park, J.,Son, Y.,Yoo, H.S.,Lee, K.Y.,Jang, Y.S. Elsevier 2013 Veterinary immunology and immunopathology Vol.151 No.1

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an infective agent that leads to porcine pleuropneumonia, a disease that causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Based on the fact that the respiratory tract is the primary site for bacterial infection, it has been suggested that bacterial exclusion in the respiratory tract through mucosal immune induction is the most effective disease prevention strategy. ApxIIA is a vaccine candidate against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, and fragment #5 (aa. 439-801) of ApxIIA contains the major epitopes for effective vaccination. In this study, we used mice to verify the efficacy of intranasal immunization with fragment #5 in the induction of protective immunity against nasal challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae and compared its efficacy with that of subcutaneous immunization. Intranasal immunization of the fragment induced significantly higher systemic and mucosal immune responses measured at the levels of antigen-specific antibodies, cytokine-secreting cells after antigen exposure, and antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation. Intranasal immunization not only efficiently inhibited the bacterial colonization in respiratory organs, but also prevented alveolar tissue damage in infectious condition similar to that of a contaminated pig. Moreover, intranasal immunization with fragment #5 provided acquired protective immunity against intranasal challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2. In addition, it conferred cross-protection against serotype 5, a heterologous pathogen that causes severe disease by ApxI and ApxII secretion. Collectively, intranasal immunization with fragment #5 of ApxIIA can be considered an efficient protective immunization procedure against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.

Related Factors of Age-Appropriate Immunization among Urban-Rural Children Aged 24-35 Months in a 2005 Population-Based Survey in Nonsan, Korea

김은영,이무식 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine the status and related factors of age-appropriate immunization among urban-rural children aged 24-35 months in a 2005 population-based survey in Nonsan, Korea. Materials and Methods: We conducted household survey and provider check using questionnaire and checklist to obtain data on immunization status for children, aged 24-35 months. Age-appropriate immunization was defined as status of receiving the fourth diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (4 DTP), 3 Polio, the first measles-mumps-rubella (1 MMR) doses,and the 4 : 3 : 1 series. Results: Age-appropriate immunization rates were 51.7% for 4 DPT, 88.0% for 3 Polio, 87.9% for 1 MMR, and 50.3% for the 4 : 3 : 1 series. First-born children, lower perceived barrier scores, and higher perception of immunization data were significantly related to age-appropriate immunization. Conclusion: The findings indicated that age-appropriate immunization rate could be improved by implementing reminder/recall service and providing the knowledge about immunization. Identification and consideration related factors would improve immunization rate and age-appropriate immunization.

The Response of Serum Antibody and Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity after Immunization with SBA Colon Cancer Cells and BCG in Colon Cancer Patients

Park, Il Young,Chang, Suk Kyun,Lee, Jai Hak,Choo, Sang Yong CATHOLIC MEDICAL CENTER 1990 Bulletin of the Clinical Research Institute Vol.18 No.2

This studies were designed to observe the response ot serum antibody and lymphocyte cytotoxicity of colon cancer patients who have finished treatement of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. The distribution of serum antibody in 40 colon cnacer patients and 30 stomach cancer patients before surgery and serum antibody reactivity against SBA and HT_29 colon cancer cells before and after active immunization with irradiated SBA and HT_29 colon cancer cells before and after active immunization with irradiated SBA colon cancer cell and BCG were studied. And then the cytotoxicity of lymphocyte aganist SBA, HT_29 and K_562 cells at pre and post immunization and suppressor T-cell activity before and after infusion of cyclophosphamide in colon cancer patients were measured. The significant results obtained were as follows; 1. The serum antibody to SBA and HT_29 cells was positive in 47.5% and 58.3% of colon cancer patients, while 66.1% and 90% in stomach cancer patients, but it were negative in normal persons. 2. The serum antibody titer against SBA colon cancer cells and HT_29 cells was increased after immunization for one or two months. 3. The cytotoxicity of lymphocytes to SBA and HT_29 colon cancer cells were significantly decreased before immunization than that of normal, but increased after immunization close to the level of normal person. On the other hand, cytotoxicity to K_562 cells was similar to normal before immunization, but significantly increased after immunization. 4. The Con A stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis was significantly decreased just after infusion of cyclophosphamide.

Retention of the Mother and Child Health Handbook and Additional Immunization of Japanese Encephalitis and Tetanus Vaccine

김현경,남지은,장우용,노용균,최민규 대한가정의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.33 No.4

Background: Improvement of additional immunization rate is indicated as an important factor for effective immunization of diseases. In this study, the relationship between retention of mother and child health handbook and additional immunization rate of Japanese encephalitis and tetanus was examined. Methods: A survey via questionnaire was performed against parents of students of middle schools in Gwangmyeongsi,Gyeonggi-do, and elementary schools in Seoul. Among 350 copies of the questionnaire delivered via post mail, 261copies were collected and used in the analysis. The questionnaire included general features of subjects and their children,retention of the mother and child health handbook, and recognition of additional immunization of the Japanese encephalitis and tetanus vaccine. Results: It was found that 80.8% of subjects answered affirmative to retaining the mother and child health handbook, and the group retaining the handbook had higher recognition rate of the need for additional immunization than the group that did not, for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine (83.2% vs. 51.2%, P < 0.001) and for the tetanus vaccine (66.5% vs. 31.7%, P < 0.001). Although the group retaining the handbook had a significantly higher additional immunization rate of the tetanus vaccine of 48.6% vs. 17.1% (P = 0.001), the immunization rate of the Japanese encephalitis vaccine did not show a significant difference (P = 0.231). The group recognizing the need for additional immunization of the Japanese encephalitis and tetanus vaccine had a significantly higher additional immunization rate than the counterpart (P < 0.001). Conclusion: It was considered that retention of the mother and child health handbook was related to recognition and execution of additional immunizations.

Women's Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia,Gustina, Ni Luh Zallila,Pramana, Putu Harrista Indra,Astiti, Made Yuliantari Dwi,Jonathan, Jovvita,Melinda, Fitriana,Wijaya, Teo The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.2

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

AN INVESTIGATION OF IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SOMATOSTATIN BY MEASURING ANTIBODY TITRES, SOMATOSTATIN AND SOMATOTROPIN PROFILES IN GILTS

Du, Z.L.,Hacker, R.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2

The effect of active immunization against porcine somatostatin (SRIF-14) on somatostation and somatotropin secretion profile in 18 gilts was investigated. Gilts were assigned to the following treatments: control (sham injection, n = 6); bovine serum albumin (BSA) (injection of BSA with bacterial protein adjuvant, n = 6); SRIF (injection of BSA-SRIF-14 conjugate with bacterial protein adjuvant n = 6). Serum SRIF and pST were assayed from the blood samples taken on day 7 after the last immunization injection. Anti-SRIF antibody titres were assayed in weekly samples two weeks after the initial immunization to one week after the last immunization. Results revealed that the immunization protocol used in the present investigation failed to produce antibodies capable of neutralizing endogenous somatostatin. In addition, the porcine somatotropin assay revealed no significant differences in baseline pST concentration, mean peak amplitude and number of peaks during a 24 h secretory period among SRIF, BSA and control treatment. There were also no differences in SRIF baseline concentration, peak amplitude, and number of peaks during a 24 h secretory period among any of the three treatments. Circulating concentrations of pST and pSRIF were highly correlated (r = -0.09). Furthermore, anti-SRIF antibody titre was not detected in the serum of the gilts actively immunized against SRIF. These data, collectively, suggest that the protocol employed in the present investigation for active immunization against SRIF is not an effective method for changing SRIF and pST secretion profiles of the gilt and thus to enhance performance.