Determining Leadership Styles to Support Civil Servant Relocation: A Case Study of Indonesia’s New Capital Plan

Dodi Wirawan IRAWANTO(Dodi Wirawan IRAWANTO ),Khusnul Rofida NOVIANTI(Khusnul Rofida NOVIANTI ),Lutfi FANANI(Lutfi FANANI ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.1

This study intends to investigate the impact of leadership style on civil servants’ (in 4 ministries representatives of the Indonesian government) readiness to change and relocate to the future capital of Indonesia (Ibu Kota Nusantara / IKN). The quantitative approach was used from the data survey from 62 high-level civil servant representatives using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The findings also indicated that, out of the 12 indicators of leadership style measured in this study, persuasion and integration leadership style should be considered crucial and important factors in shaping supportive behavior in the context of readiness for change. Making the relocation process successful requires avoiding the type of initiation structure leadership style. The finding of this study reveals that to choose the best leaders, the Indonesian government is urged to use these two criteria (persuasion and integration leadership style), especially for those in charge of facilitating the relocation process to IKN. Additionally, to demonstrate their confidence and make full use of their resources, leaders who are in command must be able to anticipate that the relocation of civil servants would go smoothly with less risk.

Women's Empowerment Facilitates Complete Immunization in Indonesian Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia,Gustina, Ni Luh Zallila,Pramana, Putu Harrista Indra,Astiti, Made Yuliantari Dwi,Jonathan, Jovvita,Melinda, Fitriana,Wijaya, Teo The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.2

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine the effect of women's empowerment on the immunization of Indonesian children. The secondary objective was to examine the effect of wealth as a factor modifying this association. Methods: We utilized data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The subjects were married women with children aged 12-23 months (n=3532). Complete immunization was defined using the 2017 IDHS definition. Multiple components of women's empowerment were measured: enabling resources, decision-making involvement, and attitude toward intimate partner violence. The primary analysis was conducted using binomial logistic regression. Model 1 represented only the indicators of women's empowerment and model 2 controlled for socio-demographic variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted for each wealth group. Results: The primary analysis using model 1 identified several empowerment indicators that facilitated complete immunization. The analysis using model 2 found that maternal education and involvement in decision-making processes facilitated complete immunization in children. Subgroup analyses identified that wealth had a modifying effect. The indicators of women's empowerment were strong determinants of complete immunization in lower wealth quintiles but insignificant in middle-income and higher-income quintiles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore women's empowerment as a determinant of child immunization in Indonesia. The results indicate that women's empowerment must be considered in Indonesia's child immunization program. Women's empowerment was not found to be a determinant in higher wealth quintiles, which led us to rethink the conceptual framework of the effect of women's empowerment on health outcomes.

Maternal Pre-pregnancy Anemia and Child Anemia in Indonesia: Risk Assessment Based on a Population-Based Prospective Longitudinal Study

Wirawan Fadila,Nurrika Dietta 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Under 5 years old (under-5) anemia is overlooked despite its detrimental effect. The approach to anemia prevention has been extended to maternal pre-pregnancy phase. This research is aimed to analyze pre-pregnancy anemia association and risk of anemia in under-5 children. METHODS: This cohort study observed non-pregnant women in the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2007 and their under-5 children in the IFLS 2014. Anemia status was determined based on Hemoglobin (Hb) measurement using HemocueTM in mothers and children. Mantel-Haenszel adjusted relative risk (aRR) analysis including risk stratification by the covariates was used to get final risk assessment. RESULTS: A total of 637 under-5 children in the IFLS 2014 were included. The risk of having under-5 child with anemia increased 1.71-fold in women with pre-pregnancy anemia compared to women without pre-pregnancy anemia (aRR= 1.71, 1.03- 2.85 95% CI). After risk stratification based on the potential confounding variables, maternal pre-pregnancy anemia is still an independent risk of under-5 anemia in child that still breastfed at the time of data collection (RR= 2.11, 1.16-3.86 95% CI), in child that fed water earlier than 6 months old (RR= 2.08, 1.20-3.61 95% CI), in child of mother with normal and underweight pre-pregnancy BMI (RR= 1.94, 1.20-3.14 95% CI), and in child of mother with no current anemia (RR= 2.20, 1.21-3.99 95% CI). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-pregnancy anemia increased the risk of under-5 anemia based on Indonesian population study. Public health approach to extend maternal health provision to preconception phase would provide better maternal and child morbidity risk prevention.

Pre-pregnancy Diet to Maternal and Child Health Outcome: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence

Wirawan Fadila,Yudhantari Desak Gede Arie,Gayatri Aghnaa 대한예방의학회 2023 예방의학회지 Vol.56 No.2

Objectives: Pre-pregnancy diet has an important role in preparing for healthy generation. However, evidence on this issue has been scarce. A scoping review synthesising current evidence will support the demand to map ‘what has been researched’ on pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.Methods: Systematic search was performed using PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design) framework in electronic databases. Articles were screened for eligibility, summarized, and the quality was assessed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool. The review structure complies with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guide.Results: Forty-two articles were included after full-text screening. Twenty-five studies were in high-income countries (HICs), six in each upper-middle income, five in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), and one in low-income countries (LIC). Based on the regions: North America (n=16), Europe (n=5), South America (n=4), Australia (n=4), Asia (n=5), Middle East (n=2), and sub-Saharan Africa (n=1). The two-most observed diet-related exposures were dietary pattern (n=17) and dietary quality (n=12). The most assessed outcome was gestational diabetes mellitus (n=28) and fetal and newborn anthropometry (n=7). The average quality score±standard deviation was 70±18%.Conclusions: Research related to pre-pregnancy diet is still concentrated in HICs. The context of diet may vary; therefore, future research is encouraged in LMICs and LICs context, and Mediterranean, South-East Asia, Pacific, and African regions. Some maternal and child nutrition-related morbidity, such as anemia and micronutrient deficiencies, have not been discussed. Research on these aspects will benefit to fill in the gaps related to pre-pregnancy diet and maternal and child health.

Exploring the Nature of Whistle Blowing in Organizations in Asia: An Integrative Perspective

Dodi Wirawan IRAWANTO,Khusnul Rofida NOVIANTI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

This paper aims to synthesize and identified several constraints of the research literature about whistleblowing and its impact on the organizations from the human resource and organizational behavior point of view. The importance of study concerning whistleblowing is an important trend in this today fraudulent world, however to our knowledge an integrative review in this sense is limited. By looking at the impact of whistleblowing act in collectivist culture, especially from the Asian perspective would give an impact to the development of the studies in the future. This review using an integrative review with the distribution of databases including Sciencedirect, EBSCO, JSTOR and soon using several terms including whistleblowing and collectivist of research published during 2003 to 2018. Thirty five papers were identified, analyzed, and capturing data of research located in several Asian countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand and Turkey. The findings of this review reveals that despite a positive trend of whistleblowing research in collectivist culture, the importance to increase human resource and organizational behavior aspects also lead to positive ethic climate in organization. Human resource and organizational behavior aspects to be found have a significance role in creating ethical culture in the organization.

Development of a lateral flow dipstick test for the detection of 4 strains of Salmonella spp. in animal products and animal production environmental samples based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification

Nuchchanart Wirawan,Pikoolkhao Prapasiri,Saengthongpinit Chalermkiat 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.4

Objective: This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods: The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results: Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63°C for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×102 CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×104 CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion: The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.

Maternal pre-pregnancy anemia and childhood anemia in Indonesia: a risk assessment using a population-based prospective longitudinal study

Fadila Wirawan,Dieta Nurrika 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES Anemia in children under 5 years of age is often overlooked despite its detrimental effects. The public health approach to anemia prevention includes the maternal pre-pregnancy phase. This study investigated the association between pre-pregnancy anemia and the risk of anemia in children under 5 years of age. METHODS This cohort study included non-pregnant women from the 2007 Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) and their children under 5 in the 2014 IFLS. The anemia status of mothers and children was determined based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels using Hemocue. Mantel-Haenszel adjusted relative risks (aRRs), including risk stratification by covariates, were used for the final risk assessment. RESULTS In total, 637 children in the 2014 IFLS were included. The risk of having a child with anemia was 1.71-fold higher in women with pre-pregnancy anemia than in women without pre-pregnancy anemia (aRR, 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 2.85). After risk stratification based on potential confounding variables, maternal pre-pregnancy anemia remained an independent risk factor for anemia in children who still breastfed at the time of data collection (relative risk [RR], 2.11; 95% CI, 1.16 to 3.86), in children who were given water earlier than 6 months of age (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.61), in children of mothers with a normal or underweight pre-pregnancy body mass index (RR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.20 to 3.14), and in children of mothers without current anemia (RR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.99). CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy anemia increased the risk of childhood anemia. A public health approach emphasizing pre-conception maternal health would enable better maternal and child morbidity risk prevention.

Forecasting COVID-19 Transmission and Healthcare Capacity in Bali, Indonesia

I Md Ady Wirawan,Pande Putu Januraga 대한예방의학회 2020 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.53 No.3

Objectives: In the current early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, Bali needs to prepare to face the escalation of cases, with a particular focus on the readiness of healthcare services. We simulated the future trajectory of the epidemic under current conditions, projected the impact of policy interventions, and analyzed the implications for healthcare capacity. Methods: Our study was based on the first month of publicly accessible data on new confirmed daily cases. A susceptible, exposed, infected, recovered (SEIR) model for COVID-19 was employed to compare the current dynamics of the disease with those predicted under various scenarios. Results: The fitted model for the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Bali indicated an effective reproduction number of 1.4. Interventions have decreased the possible maximum number of cases from 71 125 on day 86 to 22 340 on day 119, and have prolonged the doubling time from about 9 days to 21 days. This corresponds to an approximately 30% reduction in transmissions from cases of mild infections. There will be 2780 available hospital beds, and at the peak (on day 132), the number of severe cases is estimated to be roughly 6105. Of these cases, 1831 will need intensive care unit (ICU) beds, whereas the number of currently available ICU beds is roughly 446. Conclusions: The healthcare system in Bali is in danger of collapse; thus, serious efforts are needed to improve COVID-19 interventions and to prepare the healthcare system in Bali to the greatest extent possible

Open Communication About Reproductive Health Is Associated With Comprehensive HIV Knowledge and a Non-stigmatising Attitude Among Indonesian Youth: A Cross-sectional Study

Gede Benny Setia Wirawan,Ni Luh Zallila Gustina,Pande Putu Januraga 대한예방의학회 2022 예방의학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15-25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results: The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions: Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one’s direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.

THE EFFECT OF TELEVISION-VIEWING MOTIVATION AND INDIVIDUAL TRAITS ON ZAPPING BEHAVIOR

Mingqi Ye,Wirawan Dony Dahana,Chris Baumann,Sotaro Katsumata 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

This study investigates how zapping behavior is affected by television-viewing motives, classified into two broad categories: goal-directed instrumental motives and process-oriented ritualistic motives. We examine how such an impact varies among individuals with different degrees of advertising skepticism, opinion leadership, ongoing search, program involvement, and advertising involvement. By combining the television-viewing information of 1,162 individuals from April 2017 to March 2018 with survey data, we empirically analyze the effect of motivation on viewers’ zapping likelihood. The results suggest that zapping probability is lower when television-viewing is driven by instrumental motives than by ritualistic motives. The negative impact of instrumental motivations is more evident for individuals with higher ongoing search tendencies. By contrast, individuals who are more skeptical toward advertisements, have higher opinion leadership, or have higher program involvement are less vulnerable to such viewing motivations. We discuss the implications of these findings for devising an effective advertisement placement strategy.