A Survey on RF Energy Harvesting System with High Efficiency RF-DC Converters

Khan, Danial,Basim, Muhammad,Ali, Imran,Pu, YoungGun,Hwang, Keum Cheol,Yang, Youngoo,Kim, Dong In,Lee, Kang-Yoon The Institute of Semiconductor Engineers 2020 Journal of semiconductor engineering Vol.1 No.1

Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology have become a reliable and promising alternative to extend the lifetime of power-constrained wireless networks by eliminating the need for batteries. This emerging technology enables the low-power wireless devices to be self-sustaining and eco-friendly by scavenging RF energy from ambient environment or dedicated energy sources. These attributes make RF energy harvesting technology feasible and attractive to an extended range of applications. However, despite being the most reliable energy harvesting technology, there are several challenges (especially power conversion efficiency, output DC voltage and sensitivity) poised for the implementation of RF energy harvesting systems. In this article, a detailed literature on RF energy harvesting technology has been surveyed to provide guidance for RF energy harvesters design. Since signal strength of the received RF power is limited and weak, high efficiency state-of-the-art RF energy harvesters are required to design for providing sufficient DC supply voltage to wireless networks. Therefore, various designs and their trade-offs with comprehensive analysis for RF energy harvesters have been discussed. This paper can serve as a good reference for the researchers to catch new research topics in the field of RF energy harvesting.

진동 에너지 하베스팅 소자와 소재를 활용한 산업제품 디자인 연구

박붕익 한국일러스아트학회 2018 조형미디어학 Vol.21 No.1

Many studies have recently been conducted to address environmental problems and energy shortages that are becoming serious. In the field of plastic arts, architecture, and industrial design, there is a growing interest in the use of materials and devices that convert renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, heat and vibration energy into electrical energy. Vibration energy harvesting is not only easy to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, but also has a higher energy conversion efficiency than other renewable energy resources. Conventional bulk type vibration energy harvesting devices have been used to collect waste energy from sidewalks, roads, and various transportation methods. Recently, nanotechnology has enabled the development of highly efficient functional materials that collect fine vibrations and triboelectric energy. It is possible to harvest ultra-fine vibrational energy of physical activity and even the internal organs of the human body. Therefore, these energy harvesting device and material are expected to be applied to a wide variety of fields such as medical, ICT equipment, plastic arts, architecture, clothing, urban landscape, and industrial design. In this study, we introduce the case studies and application of 'Next Generation Vibration Energy Harvesting' using nanotechnology. Through this review, we will inform people engaged in plastic arts and various related industrial fields that vibrational energy harvesting materials and devices with nanotechnology will be actively researched. In the future, we hope that the next generation of vibrating energy harvesting materials will be used as a turning point and opportunity for works and industrial products and designs that have eco-friendly energy production functions in various fields. 최근 심각해지는 환경문제와 에너지 부족 현상을 해소하기 위해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 조각, 회화, 건축, 공예 등의 조형예술분야와 산업디자인 분야에서도 이와 같은 시대의 흐름에 따라 풍력, 태양광, 열, 진동과 같은 다양한 형태의 신재생 에너지(renewable energy)자원을 전기에너지로 변환 시키는 기능의 소재와 소자의 활용에 대한 관심과 그 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 그중 진동에너지 하베스팅(vibration energy harvesting)은 기계적 에너지를 전기에너지로 전환하는데 용이할 뿐 아니라 다른 신재생 에너지 자원보다 에너지 변환 효율 또한 높은 장점을 가지고 있다. 기존 벌크형(bulk type) 진동에너지 하베스팅 소자는 인도나 차도, 각종 교통수단에서 발생 버려지는 에너지를 수집하는데 사용되었으나 최근 나노테크놀로지를 통해 미세한 진동이나 마찰전기에너지를 수집 하는 고효율의 기능성 소재의 개발이 가능해 졌다. 신체 활동과 심지어 인체 내부 장기의 초미세한 진동에너지를 수확 할 수 있게 된 것이다. 이 에너지 하베스팅 소자 및 소재는 의료, ICT 기기, 조형예술, 건축, 의류, 도시조경, 산업디자인 등 매우 다양하고 광범위한 분야에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 나노테크놀로지를 이용한‘차세대 진동 에너지 하베스팅’에 대한 연구사례와 활용을 소개하고자 한다. 이 리뷰를 통해 조형예술 및 산업 관련 분야에 종사하는 사람들에게 나노테크놀로지가 적용된 차세대 진동에너지 하베스팅 소재와 소자에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행됨을 알리고, 앞으로 다양한 분야에 친환경 전기에너지 생산기능을 갖는 작품이나 산업제품 및 디자인에 차세대 진동에너지 하베스팅 소재가 적극적으로 활용되는 전환점과 계기가 되길 바란다.

Broadband dual phase energy harvester: Vibration and magnetic field

Song, Hyun-Cheol,Kumar, Prashant,Sriramdas, Rammohan,Lee, Hyeon,Sharpes, Nathan,Kang, Min-Gyu,Maurya, Deepam,Sanghadasa, Mohan,Kang, Hyung-Won,Ryu, Jungho,Reynolds Jr., William T.,Priya Jr., Shashank Elsevier 2018 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.225 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Broadband mechanical energy harvesting implies stable output power over a wide range of source frequency. Here we present a cost-effective solution towards achieving broadband response by designing a magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array that exhibits a large power density of 243 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>2</SUP> at natural frequency and bandwidth of more than 30 Hz under 1 g acceleration. The magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array exhibits dual modes of energy harvesting, responding to both stray magnetic field as well as ambient vibrations, and is found to exhibit the output power density of 36.5 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> Oe<SUP>2</SUP> at 79.5 Hz under the ambient magnetic field while maintaining the broadband nature. The magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array was demonstrated to harvest continuous power from a rotary pump vibration, an automobile engine vibration and a parasitic magnetic field surrounding a cable of an electric kettle. These demonstrations suggest that the magnetically coupled piezoelectric energy harvester array could serve the role of a standalone power source for wireless sensor nodes and small electronic devices.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Magnetically coupled energy harvester array is demonstrated for broadband operation. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester provides dual mode energy harvesting in magnetic field and vibration. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester exhibits 243 μW/cm<SUP>3</SUP> g<SUP>2</SUP> power density and over 30 Hz bandwidth. </LI> <LI> Energy harvester is implemented in practical environments of a rotary pump, power cable, and car engine. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

공공영역의 신재생 광에너지 하베스팅 시설물 적용사례 분석을 통한 SOC 인프라 적용 방안 연구

이창현,이현성,이재규 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

(Background and Purpose) As the issue of environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable development becomes important in the paradigm of eco-friendly energy transition, the use of new and renewable energy is becoming mandatory. Therefore, in this study, the purpose of this study is to provide evaluation indicators for the expansion of the application in the public design field through domestic and international case analysis, and evaluation analysis targeting SOC infrastructure facilities of renewable light energy harvesting. (Method) The installation of solar power facilities has started to increase significantly due to the promotion of new and renewable energy policies, but various environmental, regional, and cultural problems are occurring due to the reckless expansionary trend. Therefore, we outlined the technical elements of the optical energy harvesting system, and the stage of public design application, and the status and problems were derived by analyzing the cases for each installation target. In addition, we present a comprehensive analysis index that seeks expansion plans by reviewing the system, guidelines, design, and resident participation of new and renewable light energy harvesting facilities in the public domain, along with the analysis results of existing installation targets. (Results) The comprehensive analysis index, for the analysis of new and renewable light energy harvesting by field, was classified into system, guideline, design, and resident participation. A comprehensive analysis index for the application of SOC infrastructure for light energy harvesting was presented. Our study results showed that it is first necessary to prepare a system for the distribution and efficient application of new and renewable energy SOC infrastructure from a public design perspective. Second, it is vital to prepare standards for design installation of a comprehensive approach through the installation of new and renewable energy SOC infrastructure and review of applicability. Third, a design level should be secured through sufficient review of the technical aspects of optical energy harvesting, and a new model of SOC infrastructure should be presented. Fourth, the necessity and direction of public design-based new and renewable energy type governance should be introduced into the resident participation model that previously focused only on profitability, presenting studies on resident acceptance and doing participation model research. (Conclusions) In the application of SOC infrastructure for optical energy harvesting, evaluation indicators were presented through a comprehensive analysis from the perspective of public design. Therefore, it is expected that research and implementation from the perspective of public design will grow and thrive. (연구배경 및 목적) 친환경 에너지 전환의 패러다임에 따라 환경적·경제적·사회적으로 지속 가능한 발전의 이슈가 중요해지면서 신재생 에너지 활용은 의무화의 단계로 확대 분위기 속에 기존 공간과 시설물을 대상으로 효율적 적용에 대한 시도들이 요구되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 신재생 광에너지 하베스팅의 SOC 인프라 시설을 대상으로 국내외 사례 분석과 평가 분석을 통해 공공디자인 분야의 적용 확대 분석 지표 제공을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법) 신재생 에너지 정책 추진으로 태양광 시설물 설치는 큰 폭으로 증가하기 시작하였으나 무분별한 확장적 기조로 인해 여러 가지 환경적·지역적·문화적 문제들이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 광에너지 하베스팅 시스템 기술 요소와 공공디자인 적용 단계를 개괄하였고, 설치대상별 사례를 분석하여 현황 및 문제점을 도출하였다. 또한 기존 설치대상별 사례의 분석 결과와 함께 공공영역의 신재생 광에너지 하베스팅 시설물의 제도, 가이드라인, 디자인, 주민참여의 검토를 통한 확대 방안을 모색하는 종합 분석 지표를 제시한다. (결과) 종합 분석 지표에서는 신재생 광에너지 하베스팅의 분야별 분석을 위해 제도, 가이드라인, 디자인, 주민참여의 항목으로 분류하였고, 공공디자인 진흥 종합계획 추진전략 기준을 토대로 안전성, 정책성, 심미성, 지역성, 참여성의 방향성별 광에너지 하베스팅의 SOC 인프라 적용을 위한 종합 분석 지표를 제시하였다. 결과로는 첫째, 공공디자인 관점의 신재생 에너지 SOC 인프라 보급 및 효율적 적용을 위한 제도를 마련해야 한다. 둘째, 신재생 에너지 SOC 인프라 설치 및 적용성 검토를 통한 종합적 접근방법의 디자인 설치 기준을 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 광에너지 하베스팅의 기술적인 부분의 충분한 검토를 통한 디자인 수준 확보 및 SOC 인프라의 신모델 제시가 필요하다. 넷째, 기존의 수익성에 중점을 둔 주민참여 모델에서 공공디자인 기반의 신재생 에너지형 거버넌스 개념을 도입하여 주민 수용성 제고와 참여 모델 연구의 필요성과 방향성을 제시하였다. (결론) 광에너지 하베스팅의 SOC 인프라 적용에 있어 공공디자인 관점의 종합분석을 통한 평가지표를 제시하였으며, 저탄소·디지털 혁신 가속화 속에 대표적 미래 신재생 에너지원으로 주목받고 있는 광에너지 하베스팅 SOC 인프라의 기반 확대에 있어 공공디자인 관점에서의 연구와 실행이 더욱 활발해지기를 기대한다.

Charging device for wearable electromagnetic energy‑harvesting textiles

Hyewon Lee,노정심 한국의류학회 2021 Fashion and Textiles Vol.8 No.1

The study aims to develop charging devices for wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles (WEHT). Electromagnetic energy through human movement can be easily and naturally generated and is not significantly affected by environmental factors, however, the electric current generated by the electromagnetic method of human movement is difficult to efficiently charge. Three charging circuits for use with wearable electromagnetic energy-harvesting textiles were developed. The three types of charging circuits developed are rectifier, voltage doubler, and voltage quadrupler circuits. The performances of the developed circuits were evaluated in comparison with a normal storage circuit, in which the generated energy is stored immediately. The results show that storage energy was generated from the WEHT in all the developed circuits, and the charging efficiency improved as the simulated walking frequency increased. Energy generated from wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles has the highest storage efficiency when charged with a rectifier circuit. The rectifying circuit method showed a charging rate twice that of a normal storage circuit. The charging speed of the rectifier circuit was faster to reach 3.7 V, the nominal maximum barrier voltage of the single-cell lithium-ion batteries used in portable devices, than the normal charging circuit. In the voltage multiplier circuit, the voltage drop generated in the circuit was large, so the charging efficiency was not superior to the normal circuit or rectifier circuit. In conclusion, it is most effective to use a rectifier circuit for charging portable electronic devices using the energy harvested by wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles. The study aims to develop charging devices for wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles (WEHT). Electromagnetic energy through human movement can be easily and naturally generated and is not significantly affected by environmental factors, however, the electric current generated by the electromagnetic method of human movement is difficult to efficiently charge. Three charging circuits for use with wearable electromagnetic energy-harvesting textiles were developed. The three types of charging circuits developed are rectifier, voltage doubler, and voltage quadrupler circuits. The performances of the developed circuits were evaluated in comparison with a normal storage circuit, in which the generated energy is stored immediately. The results show that storage energy was generated from the WEHT in all the developed circuits, and the charging efficiency improved as the simulated walking frequency increased. Energy generated from wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles has the highest storage efficiency when charged with a rectifier circuit. The rectifying circuit method showed a charging rate twice that of a normal storage circuit. The charging speed of the rectifier circuit was faster to reach 3.7 V, the nominal maximum barrier voltage of the single-cell lithium-ion batteries used in portable devices, than the normal charging circuit. In the voltage multiplier circuit, the voltage drop generated in the circuit was large, so the charging efficiency was not superior to the normal circuit or rectifier circuit. In conclusion, it is most effective to use a rectifier circuit for charging portable electronic devices using the energy harvested by wearable electromagnetic energy harvesting textiles.

A Bending-Type Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with a Displacement-Amplifying Mechanism for Smart Highways

안정환,황원섭,조재용,정세영,송경주,홍성도,성태현,정신우,유홍희 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.3

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has gained attention owing to its effectiveness at harvesting electrical energy from various energy sources. Especially, with the increasing demand for smart highways, piezoelectric energy harvesting from road traffic has been increasingly studied. However, existing piezoelectric road-energy harvesters have limitations of low electrical output and low durability. A novel piezoelectric energy harvester was designed and fabricated to overcome these limitations. The proposed harvester had a maximum output power of 3.93 mW at a load resistance of 130 kΩ under an input displacement of 2.5 mm. The proposed harvester had 4.2 times more output power than the existing vibration-type road energy harvesters and was much less susceptible to destruction-in contrast to existing impact-type road-energy harvesters. The proposed road-energy harvester can be used as a power source for wireless sensor networks in smart highways.

수확 가능한 에너지 지도와 에너지 변환 식 개발

조철민(Chulmin Cho),윤한솔(Hansol Yoon),윤헌준(Heonjun Yoon),김홍진(Hongjin Kim),이소원(Sowon Lee),윤병동(Byeng Dong Youn),김재은(Jae Eun Kim),김윤영(Yoon Young Kim) 대한기계학회 2012 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2012 No.11

Prior to designing energy harvesters, it is important to understand ambient energy characteristics and preliminary computation of harvestable energy. With special attention to vibrational and thermal ambient energy sources, this study aims at developing a corresponding energy map that can visualize ambient and harvestable energy). The energy map benefits energy harvesting technology in many ways. First, economic feasibility can be studied while selecting best sites for energy harvesting. Second, the map facilitates the conceptual and detailed design of an energy harvester type (e.g., piezoelectric, thermoelectric) and its target application such as wireless sensor network. The three-fold steps are proposed to build the energy map: 1) data acquisition for available energy, 2) harvestable energy analysis with energy conversion models, and 3) visualization of harvestable energy. We obtain site-specific harvestable energy maps and open discussion about the benefits of the proposed idea.

Electromagnetic energy harvesting from structural vibrations during earthquakes

Songye Zhu,Wenai Shen,Hong-Ping Zhu,You-Lin Xu 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.18 No.3

Energy harvesting is an emerging technique that extracts energy from surrounding environments to power low-power devices. For example, it can potentially provide sustainable energy for wireless sensing networks (WSNs) or structural control systems in civil engineering applications. This paper presents a comprehensive study on harvesting energy from earthquake-induced structural vibrations, which is typically of low frequency, to power WSNs. A macroscale pendulum-type electromagnetic harvester (MPEH) is proposed, analyzed and experimentally validated. The presented predictive model describes output power dependence with mass, efficiency and the power spectral density of base acceleration, providing a simple tool to estimate harvested energy. A series of shaking table tests in which a single-storey steel frame model equipped with a MPEH has been carried out under earthquake excitations. Three types of energy harvesting circuits, namely, a resistor circuit, a standard energy harvesting circuit (SEHC) and a voltage-mode controlled buck-boost converter were used for comparative study. In ideal cases, i.e., resistor circuit cases, the maximum electric energy of 8.72 J was harvested with the efficiency of 35.3%. In practical cases, the maximum electric energy of 4.67 J was extracted via the buck-boost converter under the same conditions. The predictive model on output power and harvested energy has been validated by the test data.

자동차 진동 에너지 변환을 위한 압전 에너지 하베스팅에 관한 연구

이현영,김광원,예지원,우수현,이건,이승아,정성록,정선혜,김호성,남가현,조윤영,최한승,류정호 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.34 No.6

Energy Harvesting is a technology that can convert wasted energy such as vibration, heat, light, electromagnetic energy, etc. into usable electrical energy. Among them, vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) has high energy conversion efficiency with a small volume; thus, it is expected to be used in various autonomous powering devices, such as implantable medical devices, wearable devices, and energy harvesting from road or automobiles. In this study, wasted vibration energy in an automobile is converted into electrical energy by high-power piezoelectric materials, and the generated electrical energy is found to be an auxiliary power source for the operation of wireless sensor nodes, LEDs, etc. inside an automobile. In order to properly install the PEH in an automobile, vibration characteristics includes frequency and amplitude at several positions in the automobile is monitored initially and the cantilever structured PEH was designed accordingly. The harvesting properties of fabricated PEH is characterized and installed into the engine part of the automobile, where the vibration amplitude is stable and strong. The feasibility of PEH is confirmed by operating electric components (LEDs) that can be used in practice.

An Energy Harvesting Aware Routing Algorithm for Hierarchical Clustering Wireless Sensor Networks

( Chaowei Tang ),( Qian Tan ),( Yanni Han ),( Wei An ),( Haibo Li ),( Hui Tang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.2

Recently, energy harvesting technology has been integrated into wireless sensor networks to ameliorate the nodes` energy limitation problem. In theory, the wireless sensor node equipped with an energy harvesting module can work permanently until hardware failures happen. However, due to the change of power supply, the traditional hierarchical network routing protocol can not be effectively adopted in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we improve the Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol to make it suitable for the energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. Specifically, the cluster heads are selected according to the estimation of nodes` harvested energy and consumed energy. Preference is given to the nodes with high harvested energy while taking the energy consumption rate into account. The utilization of harvested energy is mathematically formulated as a max-min optimization problem which maximizes the minimum energy conservation of each node. We have proved that maximizing the minimum energy conservation is an NP-hard problem theoretically. Thus, a polynomial time algorithm has been proposed to derive the near-optimal performance. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed routing scheme outperforms previous works in terms of energy conservation and balanced distribution.