간호대학생 배경변인과 진로계획, 진로탐색행동, 경력개발이 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이상윤,성필석,김양균 경희대학교 경영연구원 2017 의료경영학연구 Vol.11 No.4

The number of nurses are increasing year by year, but as most of the nursing students desire to be employed in general hospitals, nursing students face unemployment crisis even with their major which has higher employment rate. The higher the employment preparation behavior of nursing student is, it is more influential to motivation and aspiration of nursing behavior of nursing students, and also it decreases turn over as a newcomer, and improve adaptability. Thus, for successful employment and adaptation after employment, it requires enough employment preparation behavior. As there is an occupational world ahead of college time, time in college is very important in career decision and career selection. The problem of choosing what career at the time of preparation and implementation to achieve life goal, but most of the students show interest and concerns about the employment, but do not have specific plan or behavior at the same time. The behavior of college students looking for job through formal and informal method has positive effect in getting first job, so there is a need to set employment strategy for understanding of oneself, information exploration for the future, establishment of career plan and employment strategy for job selection. Thus, this study not only examined what influence does career plan, career exploration behavior, career development to career preparation behavior, but also conducted empirical verification on difference of career plan, career exploration behavior, career development, employment preparation behavior by individual characteristic to understand characteristics of college students preparing for employment and aims to plan proper instruction on nursing students. Through this, the study conducted the research to provide basic data in developing program, conduct proper counseling and understand college students who are having difficulty in employment preparation. As the result, there were differences in career plan, career exploration behavior, career development, employment preparation behavior in accordance with the background variables of nursing students(gender, age, religion, desired workplace after graduation, motivation for major application, employment information collection route, grade), and the study found out that career plan affects career exploration behavior, career development, employment preparation behavior.

대학생용 취업준비행동 검사 개발 및 타당화

어윤경,김동일,정여주,이주영 안암교육학회 2011 한국교육학연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study's goal is to develop the Employment-Preparation Behavior test to assist the university students' employment. For the first time, through the study of literature, we explored university students' personality of Employment-Preparation Behavior. Also, we researched the related examples with Employment-Preparation Behavior Test. The result shows that the Employment-Preparation Behavior Test is desirable to estimate the cognitive domain and behavior domain separately. So, this study concluded that the test has to estimate according to the below variable factors such as six theoretical constructs. We utilized many kinds of statistical analysis method for selecting reliable items, and we verified the selected items. This test was developed by the university students' employment behavior preparation level. This test included several below tests; such as career development test. As a matter of fact, the Employment-Preparation Behavior Test constructed nonpolitical job exploration, political job exploration, endurance level of effort for employment, strength level of effort for employment, preliminary job exploration, and positive job exploration. This test constructed 40 items. We verified this test through the proper relationship between the below variables and verifying concurrent validity. On the basis of the result of university students' employment preparation behavior test, university students will be able to plan their career and prepare their job effectively. Also, if university students review their career exploration behavior and employment preparation behavior through this test, they can estimate the level of preparation for the job they want for themselves. 본 연구는 심각한 취업난에 직면한 대학생들을 도울 수 있는 대학생용 취업준비행동 검사를 개발하고 타당화하는데 그 목적이 있다. 관련 문헌과 국내ㆍ외 대학생 취업 관련 검사를 조 사한 결과 취업준비행동 검사는 사고 영역과 행동 영역을 모두 측정할 필요가 있는데, 지금 까지의 연구들은 인지적, 정의적 영역 측정에 촛점이 맞추어져 있고 행동 측정에 초점을 맞 춘 연구가 많지 않다. 즉, 대학생 시기는 생각한 것을 행동으로 실천하는 것이 필요한 시기 임에도 불구하고 지금까지는 행동으로 얼마나 실천하고 있는지 그리고 행동에 영향을 주는 요인이 무엇인지 등에 대한 연구가 미진한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 행동적 측면에 초점을 맞추어 취업준비행동 수준을 측정하여 대학생들의 취업을 효율적으로 지원하고자 하 였다. 연구의 진행단계에 따라 전문가 자문과 다양한 분석기법을 활용하여 타당하고 신뢰로운 문 항을 선정하고자 노력하였다. 취업준비행동 검사는 비공식적 직업탐색, 공식적 직업탐색, 취 업노력 지속성, 취업노력 강도, 예비적 직업탐색, 적극적 직업탐색의 6개 하위요인으로 구성 되었으며, 총 40개 문항으로 제작되었다. 각 하위요인간의 적절한 상관과 타당도 검증을 통 하여 검사를 타당화하였다. 대학생용 취업준비행동 검사를 활용하여 대학생들은 진로설계 및 취업 준비상황 전반을 정 리할 수 있을 것이며, 자신의 직업탐색 행동과 취업준비 행동을 점검하여 부족한 부분을 확 인해 가는 일련의 활동을 통하여 변화 과정을 스스로 평가할 수 있게 될 것으로 기대한다.

특성화고 고졸청년층의 진로준비 및 진로성숙이 취업에 미치는 영향 연구

이만기(Lee, Man-Ki) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.8

특성화고 졸업자들이 취업을 하는데 중요한 요소는 무엇인가? 특히 특성화고의 각종 취업지원정책과 더불어 학교에 서 실시하고 있는 각종 시설 및 교과지원, 직업능력지원, 진로지도, 취업지원 등의 프로그램과 개인이 하는 진로준비행동, 직업탐색행동, 이에 따른 진로성숙도의 증가는 취업에 과연 영향을 미치는 것인가? 이를 위해 먼저 학교에서 실시되고 있는 프로그램 등의 학교지원만족도, 가정에서 실시한 진로준비행동, 취업 전의 예비적 직업탐색행동, 이에 따른 진로성숙도 등을 주요변수로 하여 구조모형을 설정하고 분석하였다. 분석결과, 학교지원만족도는 진로성숙도, 가정에서의 진로준비행동 등에 유의미한 영향관계를 보여주고 있고 직접적으로 취업에 영향을 미치거나 간접적 으로 취업에 영향을 미치게 된다. 다음으로 가정에서의 진로준비행동은 직접적으로 취업에 영향을 주며 예비적 직업탐색행 동과 진로성숙도를 높이게 된다. 특히, 가정에서의 진로준비행동은 예비적 직업탐색행동을 통해 취업을 높이는 중요한 요인 으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 성별에 따른 변인간의 영향관계를 본 결과, 학교지원만족도는 취업을 직접적으로 높이고 여성의 경우가 더 높게 나타나, 양질의 학교지원프로그램을 강화하되 특히 여성에 맞는 취업지원프로그램도 개발, 지원할 필요가 있는 것으로 나타 났다. 또한 학교지원만족도가 높으면 여성은 가정에서의 진로준비행동을 잘 하는 것으로 나타났는데 여성이 가정에서 갖는 진로에 대한 대화 등 진로준비활동은 남성과 달리 취업에 중요한 요인이 되고 있어 여성의 경우 학부모를 대상으로 하는 지원프로그램들을 마련할 필요가 있음이 제기되었다. With regard to gaining employment for specialized high school graduates, what are the significant factors? Along with specialized high school’s employment support, facility and subject support, vocational ability support, career guidance, and employment support are implemented at school. At the same time, individuals are learning career preparation behavior and job search behavior. Those factors influence the career maturity. Therefore, a question is, “Do they finally affect employment?” The independent variables were composed of satisfaction on school support, such as facility and subject support, career preparation behavior at home, pre-job search behavior, and career maturity. A structural equation was created and an analysis was conducted. As a result of the analysis, the satisfaction on school support has significant impacts on career maturity and career preparation behavior at home and influences on employment directly or indirectly. The career preparation behavior at home not only has a direct impact on employment, but also increases the pre- job search behavior and career maturity. In particular, it was confirmed that the career preparation behavior at home is the main factor to increase employment via the pre-job search behavior. Considering the effects among the factors in gender, the satisfaction on school support directly increases employment, particularly for women. Therefore, high-quality school support programs should be enhanced, focusing on employment support programs for women. In addition, as satisfaction on school support increases, women are more likely to undergo career preparation behavior at home. This suggests that the career preparation behavior for females, such as conversation about career, is a critical factor to increasing employment unlike males. Therefore, support programs for women that is aimed at parents should be developed.

재직자의 지속학습이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 고용가능성과 혁신행동의 이중매개를 중심으로

임재성,양동우 한국창업학회 2022 한국창업학회지 Vol.17 No.3

In this age of the fourth industrial revolution, the environment of global companies is changing rapidly, which makes opacity bigger and bigger. The COVID-19 pandemic that started genuinely from March, 2020 has had a great impact on global economy and made uncertainty even larger, so we are now facing the era of enormous transformation in the economic ecosystem. With the increase of aged population, productive population decreased, and at the point of December, 2020, along with companies’ closure, layoff, or depression in management, the rate of those having to quit their job involuntarily increased as 48.9% (NSO, 2020) compared to that in 2019. The mean age of workers who retire is 49.7, so regardless of their intention, they have to give up their job early inevitably. Eight out of ten workers are found to have intention to start a company; therefore, now, it is not selective but mandatory for workers to start their own business. The purpose of this study is to investigate how workers’ learning persistence is correlated with their entrepreneurship and if employment prospect and innovative behavior have mediating effects in it. The study results can be summed up as follows. First, learning persistence is found to exert positive effects on entrepreneurship, employment prospect, and innovative behavior. Learning persistence at work is found to be a crucial variable to improve one’s competence and enhance innovative behavior and entrepreneurship. Second, employment prospect and innovative behavior, too, influence entrepreneurship positively. Self-development at work increases employment prospect, and restless innovative behavior is also found to be a crucial variable to enhance entrepreneurship. Third, employment prospect is found to influence innovative behavior positively. This implies that various activities to increase employment prospect are an important variable which directly influences the arousing of innovative behavior. Fourth, employment prospect and innovative behavior are not found to have mediating effects on correlation between learning persistence and entrepreneurship. Also, innovative behavior is found to have partial mediating effects on correlation between employment prospect and entrepreneurship. Learning persistence, employment prospect, and innovative behavior at work are found to be crucial factors to heighten entrepreneurship. Accordingly, if workers develop their competence restlessly, increase opportunity for change and innovation, and enhance employment prospect and innovative behavior while working, their entrepreneurship will be increased as well. This study is expected to contribute to conversion into the structure of a virtuous cycle: having work experience-vitalizing start-ups-improving hiring indexes-growing economy. 제4차 산업혁명시대에 글로벌 기업환경은 급변하고 불투명성이 커지고 있다. 지난 2020년 3월부터 본격화된 코로나 팬데믹은 전세계 경제에 큰 충격에 기인하여 불확실성은 더욱 커져 산업생태계 대변혁의 시대를 맞이하고 있다. 잡코리아(2021b)는 직장 근로자 10명중 8명은 창업에 도전할 의지가 있다. 앞으로는 직장 재직자의 창업활동은 선택하는 것이 아니라 경제활동의 기본으로 인식하고 있다. 이런 상황에서 재직자의 지속학습이 창업의지와 얼마만큼의 상관관계가 있는가를 탐색하고 고용가능성과 혁신행동이 그 사이에서 매개하는지를 살펴보았다. 첫째, 지속학습은 창업의지, 고용가능성, 혁신행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 직장에서의 끊임없는 지속학습은 자신의 역량을 높이고 혁신적 행동과 창업의지를 높이는 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 고용가능성과 혁신행동도 창업의지에 긍정의 영향이 있음을 확인하였다. 직장에서 자기개발을 통해 고용가능성이 높아지고 도전적인 혁신적 행동 또한 창업의지를 향상시키는데 중요한 변수임을 확인하였다. 셋째, 고용가능성이 혁신행동에 긍정의 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 고용가능성을 높이기 위한 다양한 활동은 혁신행동을 유발하는데 직접적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 직장에서 지속학습, 고용가능성, 혁신행동은 창업의지를 높이는 중요한 요소임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 직장인들이 직장을 다니면서 끊임없이 자신의 역량을 개발하고 변화와 혁신의 기회를 높여서 고용가능성과 혁신행동이 강화된다면 창업의지가 높아질 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 직장인의 직장 경험이 창업 활성화, 고용지표개선, 경제성장의 선순환 구조로 전환에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

대학생의 직업가치가 학습자 중심 진로준비행동과 학교차원 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향과 취업성과 분석

조윤서(Jo, Yun-Seo) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.19

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 직업가치가 학습자 중심 진로준비행동과 학교차원 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향과 이를 바탕으로 취업성과를 분석하였다. 대졸자직업 이동경로조사(GOMS, 2016)를 활용하여, 4년제 대졸자 7,162명을 대상으로 하였다. 2016년 GOMS는 2015년 8월 및 2016년 2월 대졸자를 대상으로 2017년 11월에 조사한 자료이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 직업가치는 진로준비행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 둘째 직업가치와 진로준비행동이 취업여부에 미치는 영향은 내재적 직업가치는 취업여부에 부(-)의 영향이 나타났으나, 외재적 직업가치는 취업여부에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 그리고 학습자중심 진로준비행동은 취업여부에 정(+) 의 영향을 미쳤으나 학교차원 진로준비행동은 취업여부에 부(-)의 영향을 주었다. 셋째 직업가치와 진로준비행동이 직장만족과 업무만족에 미치는 영향은 내재적 직업가치는 직장만족과 업무만족에 정(+)의 영향을 주었으나, 외재적 직업가치는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 그리고 학습자중심 진로준비행동은 직장만족과 업무만족에 부(-) 의 영향을 보였고, 학교차원 진로준비행동은 직장만족과 업무만족에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이로써 직업가치는 진로준비행동과 취업성과에 중요한 영향요인이므로 주도적으로 직업준비 할 수 있도록 대학생의 직업가치정립을 위한 교육과 무분별한 진로준비행동보다는 방향성이 있는 진로준비행동에 대한 안내가 필요하겠다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of work value on learner centered career preparation behavior, school wide career preparation behavior and employment outcomes. Using The Graduates Mobility Survey(GOMS) 2016 Year and subjects of this surveys were 7,162 people who graduated from university. The study results can be summarized as follows. First, Work value had a positive effect on career preparation behavior. Second, The effect of work value and career preparation behavior on employment outcomes were intrinsic work value had a negative effect on employment outcomes. But extrinsic work value had no effect on employment outcomes. And learner centered career preparation behavior had a positive effect on employment outcomes on the other hand school wide career preparation behavior had a negative effect on employment outcomes. Third, the effects of work value and career preparation behavior on work place satisfaction and job satisfaction were intrinsic work value had a positive effect on work place satisfaction and job satisfaction. But extrinsic work value had no effect on work place satisfaction and job satisfaction. And learner centered career preparation behavior had a negative effect on employment outcomes on the other hand school wide career preparation behavior had no effect on work place satisfaction and job satisfaction. As a result, work value is an important factor in career preparation behavior and job outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to educate university students to improve work value so that they can prepare for job preparation. It also suggests the necessity of education for directional career preparation behavior rather than indiscreet career preparation behavior.

대학생 진로준비행동, 취업준비행동, 구직준비행동 분석에 관한 연구: 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생을 중심으로

부기철,임준현 한국경영컨설팅학회 2022 경영컨설팅연구 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 대학생 진로준비행동, 취업준비행동, 구직준비행동을 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생을 대상으로 비교하여 그 차이를 확인하는 데 있다. 본 연구는 A대학 진로·취업·구직활동 교육 수요자 설문조사 결과를 활용하였다. 표본은 일반재학생 1,408명과 취업장학금대상 재학생 141명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구결과, 진로를 결정한 비율은 취업장학금대상 재학생이 높게 나타났다. 전공분야로 취업하겠다는 비율은 일반재학생이 높게 나타났다. 취업준비를 위해 가장 중점을 두는 것은 일반재학생은 학점이고, 취업장학금대상 재학생은 입사지원준비 및 취업준비이다. 평균학점과 어학성적은 취업장학금대상 재학생이 높게 나타났다. 동아리/대외활동/인턴경험은 취업장학금대상 재학생이 더 많은 경험이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주된 취업준비 및 구직활동 방법은 취업장학금대상 재학생은 학교(취업부서)를 활용하는 것으로 나타났다. 취업에 가장 필요하다고 생각되는 스펙은 일반재학생은 직무자격증이고, 취업장학금대상 재학생은 직무경험이다. 졸업유보 고려유무는 취업장학금대상 재학생이 더 높게 나타났다. 입사희망 기업유형은 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생 모두 공사/공기업으로 나타났다. 입사기업 선택기준은 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생 모두 연봉/복지로 나타났다. 취업프로그램 중 만족했던 프로그램은 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생 모두 진로·취업캠프로 나타났다. 취업프로그램에 대한 요청사항은 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생 모두 교육컨텐츠 다변화로 나타났다. 희망 취업프로그램 컨텐츠는 일반재학생과 취업장학금대상 재학생 모두 이력서·자기소개서 교육으로 나타났다. 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 취업장학금대상 재학생은 취업프로그램에 많은 참여를 했기 때문에 진로결정이 되어 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 취업프로그램 참여 경험은 취업준비에 중점을 두는 것을 구직스킬 강화(입사지원-서류준비, 필기준비, 면접준비)로 목표를 정하고 있다는 것이다. 셋째, 직무경험이 가장 중요한 취업 경쟁력이라는 인식을 하고 있다는 것이다. 넷째, 취업장학금대상 재학생은 목표를 높게 설정한다는 것이다. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze college students' career preparation behaviors, job preparation behaviors, and job search preparation behaviors for general students and those enrolled in employment scholarships to identify the differences and provide implications. The subjects of this study were 1,408 general students and 141 students receiving employment scholarships. As a result of the study, the ratio of career decision-making was high among students eligible for employment scholarships. The percentage of general students who want to work in their major field is high. The most important thing to prepare for employment is grades for general students, and preparation for job application and employment for students eligible for employment scholarships. The average GPA and language proficiency were higher among the students who were eligible for the Employment Scholarship. In terms of club activities/external activities/internship experiences, it was found that students who are currently enrolled in employment scholarships had more experience. As for the main job preparation and job search activities, it was found that students who are eligible for employment scholarships use the school (employment department). The most invested preparation for employment is qualifications for general students, and language preparation for students eligible for employment scholarships. The most necessary specifications for employment are job qualifications for general students, and job experience for students eligible for employment scholarships. The number of students who are eligible for employment scholarships was higher with regard to whether or not they considered graduation withholding. As for the type of company they would like to join, both general students and students eligible for employment scholarships were found to be public corporations/public corporations. Salary/welfare was found for both general students and those eligible for employment scholarships. Among the employment programs, the most satisfactory programs were career and employment camps for both general students and those eligible for employment scholarships. As for the requests for employment programs, both general students and students eligible for employment scholarships showed diversification of educational contents. The contents of the desired employment program were found to be education on resumes and self-introductions for both general students and students eligible for employment scholarships.

대학생의 사회적지지, 자아탄력성 및 취업준비행동 간의 구조적 관계 연구

김은영(Kim Eun Young),성소연(Sung So Yeon) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.18

본 연구는 사회적지지와 취업준비행동과의 관계에서 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 살펴보기 위한 구조모형 검증으로 사회적지지, 자아탄력성, 취업준비행동 간의 직·간접 효과를 분석하여, 다음과 같은 결론과 논의를 얻었다. 첫째, 세 개 변인의 상관관 계를 확인한 결과, 사회적지지와 자아탄력성, 자아탄력성과 취업준비행동 간에 유의한 정적 상관을 보였고. 사회적지지와 취업준비행동 간에는 일부 요인 간에 다소 낮은 정적 상관을 보였다. 이로써 사회적지지는 취업준비행동에 직접적으로 영향을 미치기보다는 자아탄력성을 매개로 하여 간접적으로 미치는 영향이 더 크다는 점을 유추할 수 있었다. 둘째, 상관분석 결과를 토대로 세 변인 간의 구조모형을 검증한 결과, 통계적으로 양호한 수준의 모형임이 확인되었다. 셋째, 취업준비행동에 영향을 미치는 사회적지지와 자아탄력성의 직․간접효과 분석 결과, 사회적지지는 취업준비행동에 직접적으로는 부적인 영향을 미치나, 자아탄력성을 경유하면 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사회적지지가 자아탄력성에 영향을 미치는 요인 이며, 취업준비행동을 높이기 위해서는 사회적지지지를 함에 있어서 자아탄력성에 주목할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 대학생의 취업준비행동에 영향을 주는 내적․외적 변인과의 관계를 분석함으로써 체계적인 취업준비에 어려움을 겪는 대 학생들에게 도움을 줄 수 있는 프로그램의 기초자료를 제공한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. The study analyzed the direct and indirect effects of social support, ego-resilience, and employment preparation behaviors by verifying structural models to examine the mediated effects of ego-resilience in relation to social support and employment preparation behaviors. The results and discussions on correlation and structural relationship analysis of key variables are as follows: First, the correlation between the three variations showed a significant static correlation between social support, ego-resilience, ego-resilience, and employment preparation behavior. There was a somewhat low static correlation between social support and employment preparation behavior. This allowed us to infer that social support has a greater indirect impact on employment preparation behavior mediating ego-resilience rather than directly affecting employment preparation behavior. Second, based on the correlation analysis results, the results of verifying the structural model between the three variables, it was confirmed that the model is statistically good. Third, an analysis of the direct and indirect effects of social support and ego-resilience affecting employment preparation behavior showed that social support has a direct negative effect on employment preparation behavior, but it has a positive effect on ego-resilience. This suggests that social support is a factor that affects ego-resilience, and it is necessary to pay attention to ego-resilience in social support in order to increase employment preparation behavior. This study is significant in that it analyzes the relationship between internal and external variables that affect college students employment preparation behavior, providing the basis for programs that can help college students who are struggling with employment preparation.

외식전공 대학생들의 그릿(GRIT)이 취업 동기와 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

안정석,구영애,조아람 한국취업진로학회 2018 취업진로연구 Vol.8 No.4

갈수록 심해지는 취업난으로 인해 대학입학부터 자격증 취득, 인턴 경험 등 취업준비에 많은 시간과 노력을 투자하고 있다. 이러한 변화로 인해 대학생들의 취업준비기간이 점차 길어지고 있는 현 시점에서 이와 같은 상황을 대처하기 위한 능력의 일환인 그릿이 주목받기 시작하며 관련 연구들이 이루어지고 있다. 이와 더불어 취업에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구도 함께 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 성공적인 취업을 함에 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 그릿과 취업 동기 그리고 취업준비행동 간의 영향관계를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 그릿과 취업 동기를 구성하고 있는 각각의 변수가 취업준비행동에 미치는 영향관계에 대해 실증적으로 규명하였다. 그 결과, 그릿을 구성하고 있는 변수 중 부지런함, 중요한 도전을 위해 좌절 극복 변수를 포함한 6가지의 항목이 취업준비행동에 긍정적인(+)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 취업 동기를 구성하고 있는 변수는 내재적 동기 중에서는 5가지의 항목이 취업준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 외재적 동기 중에서는 4가지의 항목이 취업준비행동에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 외식조리전공 학생들의 취업준비행동을 촉진시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 이를 활용하여 학생들의 효과적인 취업지도에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. University students are investing much time and effort in employment preparation as acquiring qualification and working as interns due to the remorseless increase in unemployment crisis. Studies on Grit, a part of ability to address this situation, are being made as it began to receive attention at this moment when employment preparation period is gradually getting longer due to this change. In addition, studies on factors that make effect on employment are being carried out as well. For this reason, this study intends to investigate the influence relationship between grit, career choice motivation, and employment preparation behavior that play an important role in successful employment. To this end, this study investigated influential relationship between each variable that forms Grit and employment choice motivation and employment preparation behavior. As a result, it was identified that 6 variables including diligence and overcoming a setback for important challenge among variables that form Grit make positive effect on employment preparation behavior. For variables that form employment motive, 5 variables among intrinsic motivation made positive effect on employment preparation behavior and 4 variables among extrinsic motivation made positive effect on employment preparation behavior. Based on the research results, this study intends to provide basic data on effective vocational guidance by suggesting and using ways that can promote employment preparation behavior of students majoring in dining and culinary art.

호텔종사원들의 고용형태가 조직시민행동 및 고객지향성에 미치는 영향

김영조(Young Joe Kim) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.4

This paper investigates the effects of employment status on the organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and customer orientation of the hotel employees. Based on the social exchange theory and norm of reciprocity. this paper suggests that full-time employees exhibit more organizational citizenship behaviors and customer-oriented behaviors than contingent workers. In addition. this paper proposes that there are positive relationships between OCBs and customer orientation. and those relationships are positively moderated by employee's psychological empowerment. To test the hypotheses proposed. data were collected from a sample of customer-contact employees working for 7 luxury hotels in Busan and Jeiu City. Questionnaires were carried out in 8 hotels, and 306 out of 390 Questionnaires were returned from 7 hotels. After excluding 26 unusable cases which had unacceptable level of missing data. 280 cases were used for analysis. Employment status was categorized as either regular or contingent employees based on the respondents' self-report. This paper measured five dimensions of organizational citizenship behaviors with 20 items taken from Podsakoff et al. (1990), After eliminating items which were detrimental to the reliability and validity of scales. an exploratory factor analysis finally generated three factors: altruism. civic virtue and sportsmanship. Customer orientation was conceptualized as an employee's behavioral tendency or predisposition to satisfy customer needs and measured with 4 items taken from Saxe and Weitz's (1982) SOCO scale. Empowerment was focused on the self-determination and defined as the employees' degree of discretion and autonomy to make work-related decisions and measured with 4 items taken from Spreitzer (1995) and Gonzalez and Garazo (2006). Four demographic variables. which may influence the employees' attitudes and behaviors. were controlled for in the statistical analysis to reduce the possibility of spurious relationships: gender. age. position (managers vs. nonrnanagers). and length of service. Results in this study did not support the expectations of social exchange theory that regular employees would exhibit more OCBs and customer-oriented behaviors than contingent workers. Instead of employment status. demographic variables such as managerial position and length of service had significant impacts on the employees' behaviors. Since social exchange theory has a limitation as such. alternative perspectives should be developed to explain these unexpected results. One plausible explanation is that group pressure is important to shape the employees' behaviors. As Pearce (1993) suggests. when people join a team. they face social pressures to conform to group norms and expectations regardless of employment status. Since contingent workers also don't want to face social ostracism at work, they are likely to exhibit the behaviors which are required them to do. Secondly. employees' OCBs and customer-oriented behaviors may be viewed not as a response to the rewards and benefits they receive on the basis of employment status but as a result of the personal value acquired through the socialization processes (Bell & Menguc, 2002). For example. once a person learns and internalizes altruistic values and behaviors through the socialization processes inside and outside of the organization. he (or she) will be inclined to perform helping behaviors on the basis of behavioral consistency regardless of employment status. Thirdly. OCBs can be recognized not as selfless and prosocial behaviors but as self-serving and impression-enhancing behaviors (Boline. 1999). Therefore. even contingent workers have a strong tendency to engage in OCBs for the purpose of enhancing their images at work and extending their employment contracts. Next. the results supported the hypotheses that OCBs are positively related to customer orientation. Two out of three OCB factors. altruism and civic virtue. are significantly related to

MICE분야 취업장벽과 사회적 지지에 관한 연구

김미성 ( Miseong Kim ),윤영혜 ( Yeonghye Yoon ),김서경 ( Seokyung Kim ),윤유식 ( Yooshik Yoon ) 관광경영학회 2018 관광경영연구 Vol.82 No.-

This study aimed to reveal the dimension of employment barrier and the effect of the employment barrier and social support, as a correspondence variable of employment barrier, to career decision-making self-efficacy and employment preparation behaviors. Through on&offline survey of MICE job seekers, 241 valid responses were collected. The result of analysis showed that lack of employment information and low self-understanding have negative effects on career decision-making self-efficacy and low self-understanding, and low competences for employment have negative effects on employment preparation behavior. The study also proved that only emotional support and appraisal support among the social supports have positive effects on career decision-making self-efficacy and employment preparation behavior. In addition, this research affirmed the results of previous studies by confirming the positive relation between career decision-making self-efficacy and employment preparation behavior. Based on the results, this study presents academic and practical implications for improving MICE job market. These will contribute to lower the perceived level of employment barriers by job seekers who are looking for the entry into the MICE field, and enhance their employment preparation behavior as well. The findings of this paper also could provide empirical basement for policy formation.