구문다의성 및 구문확장에 관한 소고

남양우 ( Nam Ryangwoo ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.89

This paper discussed the construction polysemy and the construction expansion based on previous study about individual constructions. The construction has its construction meaning, which can be extended from central sense to expanded sense. We can explain polysemy of the construction through core meaning and meaning chains, like vocabularies. The construction can also be expanded under the influence of other constructions. The construction expansion can be divided into four types. First type is that two constructions have same form but their arguments are different. Second type is that two constructions have different form but their arguments are same. Third type is that two constructions have different argument but one construction is subpart of the other construction. Forth type is that two constructions have different form and argument, but they are metaphorically involved. Polysemy of some constructions can not be explained by core meaning and meaning chains, these constructions are influenced by expansion of the construction itself and external forces. The construction may be expanded with a complex influence from multiple constructions in the process of expansion. And some constructions have polysemy and construction expansion together. In conclusion, the construction polysemy and the construction expansion show complex aspects in which the constructions continue to develop as they interact with each other.

건설 공정 지연 예측을 위한 인공지능 기반 경고 시스템 개발

정희찬,한기웅,이병훈,한예지,허경휘,최호창,한성원 대한산업공학회 2022 대한산업공학회지 Vol.48 No.4

In the construction industry, the construction process is managed based on the completed construction in comparison to the planned construction. With the current construction management system, it is difficult to respond to construction delays in advance, because the construction process rate cannot be estimated quantitatively. In this paper, we developed an AI-based warning system that proactively predicts the delay in construction based on the completed construction of the past and additional data such as budget, subcontractor, and weather data. We experimented on two types of construction sites and seven machine and deep learning models and evaluated the prediction performance of the models for the construction process rate of the future three months with MAE. We analyze the importance of each feature on the model prediction using SHAP values. Furthermore, we select the adequate target variable for construction process prediction based on the results of prediction and key delay factors.

구문문법을 활용한 중국어 ‘起來’ 교육에 관한 소고

김승현(Kim, Seung-hyun),김태은(Kim, Tae-eun) 한국중어중문학회 2021 中語中文學 Vol.- No.85

본고는 구문문법에 기반한 중국어 ‘起來’구문의 교수·학습에 대한 고찰이다. 본고에서는 ‘起來’가 동사와 공기하는 구문에서 [+오름], [+시작], [+모음], [+가둠], [+시도]의 5가지 의미자질을 가진다고 제안한다. 그리고 효과적인 ‘起來"구문의 교수·학습을 위해 학습자가 직감적으로 이들 의미자질을 인식할 수 있도록 각각의 영상도식을 제시하였다. 또한 BCC 코퍼스 검색을 통해 가장 고빈도의 동사를 원형동사로 삼고 이를 기반으로 하는 각 의미자질의 원형동사 구문을 제시하였으며, 각 구문에 해당하는 장면도 제시하였다. 또 ‘起來’구문에서 해당 의미자질을 지니는 동사를 출현빈도의 순서에 따라 정하여 원형동사 구문의 네트워크 구문으로 활용하였다. 네트워크 구문 역시 장면을 구성하여 학습자의 해당 문장 발화 상황에 대한 직감적인 인지적 이해를 돕고자 하였다. 뿐만 아니라 이합동사의 ‘起來’구문으로 심화학습을 유도하고 ‘起來’와 자주 공기하는 ‘把’구문과 ‘让’구문과의 복합적인 층위적 네트워크도 설정하여 제시하였다. 본고에서 제시하고 있는 원형동사와 네트워크 동사 및 이합사 등은 모두 HSK 4급 어휘 목록을 참조하여 구성하였다. 끝으로 대학 수업에서 직접 적용할 수 있는 1차시 교안을 제시하여 교육 현장에서의 실제적인 활용도 도모하였다. 본고의 이러한 논의는 구문문법에서 제시하는 원형동사 설정, 네트워크 활용, 장면부호화라는 핵심적인 세 가지 가정을 외국어 교수·학습에 효과적으로 활용할 수 있다는 선행연구의 주장을 뒷받침 해준다. This study is about the construction-based approach to teaching and learning Chinese ‘V+qilai’ construction. It suggests that ‘V+qilai’ construction has 5 semantic features such as [+rise], [+start], [+collect], [+confine], and [+try]. To improve the effect of teaching and learning ‘V+qilai’ construction, the schema, which can help learners get the meaning intuitively, are proposed according to 5 semantic features. A prototypical verb of each semantic feature is decided by the highest frequency in BCC corpus, and based on the frequency, networking verbs are collected, too. All the ‘V+qilai’ construction are presented with corresponding scenes, which can show the situation of utterance specifically as well as clearly, so that they can help learners understand the sentences better. In order for further discussion, the qilai’ construction of separate verb is presented, and also related networking verbs are suggested. Besides, complex constructions, which consist of ‘V+qilai’ construction with ‘ba’ construction and ‘rang’ construction, are discussed, since they are often used with ‘V+qilai’ construction. Also, they are presented both with a prototypical verb and a corresponding scene. All the prototypical verbs, networking verbs, and the verbs used in ‘ba’ construction and ‘rang’ construction are collected from the list of HSK vocabulary for level 4. This study generally supports that construction grammar can be used effectively in the education of foreign language.

IT 기술을 이용한 거푸집 동바리공사 안전관리 제안

전경덕,신승중 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.20 No.6

건설공사에 있어 가설공사는 그 중요성에 비해 전체공사에 차지하는 공사 금액이 낮고 공사 완료 후에는 철거되 므로 다른 공종에 비해 상대적으로 비중이 작게 취급 되는 공종이다. 실제 현장에 근무한 건설기술자들은 공사의 품질과 공사의 안전을 확보하기 위해 여러 공정중 가장 중요한 공종으로 가설공사의 안전을 이야기 한다. 하지만, 가설공사는 공사 진행에 따라 공사현장 여러곳에서 동시에 여러 종류의 가설재가 설치되고, 그것을 사용하여 본 공사가 진행되기 때문에 안전관리가 어려운 것도 사실이다. 건설공사의 안전사고는 거의 가설공사에서 이루어진다고 해도 크게 틀리지는 않는다. 최근 들어 건축물이 대형화, 다양한 복합용도, 대규모 지하공간의 굴착. 초고층으로 바뀌어가는 건설 추세로 보 아 가설공사의 중요성과 안전성은 절대 소홀히 할 수 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 IT 기술을 이용하여 건설공사에서 사용되 는 가설자재중 동바리의 안전 확보를 연구목적으로 하며 가설공사의 안전사고를 방지하는 안전관리를 제안 하고자 한다. In terms of construction work, the construction cost is lower than the importance of the construction, and since it is demolished after the completion of the construction, it is treated as a relatively small proportion compared to other construction types. Construction engineers who actually worked on the site talk about the safety of the construction work as the most important work of the various processes to ensure the quality and safety of the construction work. However, it is also true that safety management is difficult for temporary construction because various types of temporary materials are installed at various sites at the same time as construction progresses, and the main construction is carried out using them. Safety accidents in construction work are not much different even if they are carried out in temporary construction. The importance and safety of construction work cannot be neglected in view of the recent trend of large-scale construction, multi-purpose, excavation of large-scale underground spaces, and construction trends that are changing to skyscrapers. The purpose of this research is to secure the safety of Dongbar among the temporary materials used in construction work by using IT convergence technology, and to propose safety management to prevent safety accidents in the construction work.

A Construction Grammar Approach to Korean Double Accusative Construction

Eugene Chung 고려대학교 언어정보연구소 2015 언어정보 Vol.21 No.-

This paper studies Korean double accusative constructions within the frameworks of the Construction Grammar (CxG). We first investigate the syntactic and semantic properties of English double object construction followed by the Korean double accusative examples. Yoon (2015) classifies Korean double accusative construction into six different types based on the characteristics of two noun phrases: double object, inalienable possession, object and accusative marked adverb, object and quantifier/classifier, type-token and modifier-modifiee type. This study adopted Goldberg's construction grammar to analyze Korean double accusative constructions. Goldberg (1995) proposed the central sense of the ditransitive construction is when “the agent successfully causes the recipient to receive the patient.” The verbs Goldberg specifies as arguments to this central sense are verbs of giving, verbs of instantaneous causation and verbs of continuous causation. Because these verb types have substantially different semantics, the central sense needs to be represented into different constructions. Korean double accusative constructions are not limited to the semantic constraints such as transfer of possession. The study shows diverse thematic roles of the arguments are involved in the Korean accusative constructions.

건설현장배치 수준의 정량적 평가: 사용성평가 방법을 활용하여

박성훈,김태완,손보식 한국건설관리학회 2022 한국건설관리학회 논문집 Vol.23 No.5

Construction site layout is attracting attention as efficient use of construction site space greatly affects the duration and cost of the overall construction. Therefore, there are many studies that automate and optimize construction site layout planning. However, the usability of construction site, which consists of goal variables of the studies, has still been unknown. Therefore, the authors present the evaluation criteria for usability of construction site layout and evaluate the usability of domestic construction sites through user survey. Furthermore, the difference in usability between construction site managers and construction site workers was confirmed. As a result of the survey, domestic construction site layout had a low effectiveness and had the lowest score in the environment category. In addition, construction site workers scored lower overall than construction site managers. Through such usability evaluation results, it contributed to the construction site layout theory by assessing current construction site layout practice and suggesting an improvement direction for automating site layout planning.

건설업 원가계산 및 관리의 문제점과 개선방향

윤종철,한종수,이상철 한국회계학회 2018 회계저널 Vol.27 No.3

건설업은 개별 건설현장을 원가대상으로 설정하여 원가를 집계하고 관리하는 개별원가계산시스템을 적용하고 있다. 건설원가는 수급자인 건설업자가 건설공사의 전부 또는 일부를 다시 도급하는 하도급 구조를 가지고 있기 때문에, 일반 제조업의 재료비, 노무비 및경비의 3가지 원가요소 이외에 외주비라는 항목을 추가로 구분한다. 건설원가요소 가운데외주비가 차지하는 비중이 가장 높으며, 그 다음으로 재료비, 현장경비 및 노무비의 순으로비중이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 건설원가에서 차지하는 비중이 가장 낮은 노무비는 건설규모가 커질수록 비중은 더욱 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 건설원가를 건설현장에집계하기 위해 건설원가를 직접건설원가와 간접건설원가로 구분한 후, 직접건설원가는 건설현장에 직접 추적하는 반면 간접건설원가는 3단계의 배부과정을 거쳐 건설현장에 집계한다. 건설업은 공사기간이 장기여서 건설환경의 변화에 따라 원가발생의 변동성이 커질 수 있고원가대상인 건설현장의 여건과 시공조건의 제약에 따라 투입되는 원가요소가 달라지기 때문에, 일반제조업에 비해 원가관리가 어렵다. 그리고 하도급으로 인해 발생하는 외주비가건설원가의 절반을 넘는 비중을 차지하고 있기 때문에, 하수급인의 원가관리 역량이 건설현장의 원가관리에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이러한 상황에서 한국 건설업은 외부이해관계자를 위한 재무보고에 초점을 맞추어 원가를 계산해왔으며, 건설기업의 자원을 효율적으로 배분하기 위한 관리적인 목적에서 원가계산 및 관리가 이루어지지 못했다. 간접건설원가 비중이 높아짐에도 불구하고 간접건설원가를 직접건설원가에 비례하여 건설현장에배부하기 때문에, 건설현장에 대한 원가계산의 왜곡은 물론 정확한 수익성을 분석하지 못하는 한계가 발생한다. 건설업의 특성에 의해 표준설정과 통제가 어렵고, 외주비에 대한 체계적인 관리가 이루어지고 있지 못하며, 건설현장 및 하수급인의 원가마인드가 미흡하며, 원가계산 및 관리를 위한 조직과 전문인력이 부족하고, 전략적 관점에서 건설원가를 관리하지 못하는 것도 문제점으로 지적할 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해서는 정확한 건설원가를 계산할 수 있는 시스템을 갖추는것이 중요하다. 추적이 어렵거나 추적으로 인한 효익이 비용보다 낮은 간접건설원가를 발생시키는 활동을 분석하여, 활동을 매개로 건설원가를 건설현장에 추적하는 활동기준원가계산방법을 적용할 필요가 있다. 시공 및 이후단계에서 전체수명주기원가의 대부분이 발생하지만 시공이전 단계에서 대부분의 원가가 확정되기 때문에, 시공이전 단계인 구상 및 설계단계에서 비효율을 제거할 수 있는 노력과 역량을 개발할 필요가 있다. 건설현장 구성원들이 원가마인드를 갖추고 원가관리에 적극적으로 참여하고, 하수급인의 원가관리 역량을강화하며 협력할 필요가 있다. 가치공학과 수명주기원가계산 이외에 활동기준원가관리, 목표원가계산 및 품질원가계산과 같은 전략적 원가관리기법을 이용하여 경쟁우위를 얻기 위한 장기적인 원가관리 노력을 기울여야 한다. 건설원가정보시스템을 구축하여 건설원가관리를 위한 의사결정에 필요한 정보를 제공할 수 있어야 하며, 건설원가관리를 위한 본사전담부서와 건설현장의 원가관리를 위한 조직을 만들고 전문인력을 보강할 ... Job-order costing is used in the construction industry to determine costs for each individual construction project. One thing peculiar is that, in addition to the three basic elements of manufacturing costs such as materials, labor, and overhead costs, subcontracting costs commonly incur in almost all construction projects. The subcontracting costs are actually the largest element of construction costs, followed by materials, overhead, and labor costs. The proportion of labor costs decreases as the project size increases. The construction costs are also classified into direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are traced directly to each specific construction project, whereas indirect costs are allocated using the three-step procedure. Cost management in the construction industry is more complicated, comparing to other industries, because there is a high volatility in costs due to a long-term nature of construction. It is also because the combination of cost elements differs depending upon the conditions of construction sites and constraints on construction contracts. Moreover, since subcontracting costs account for more than half of construction costs, subcontractors’ ability to manage costs has direct effects on cost management. Interestingly, in Korea, construction costs are computed for external reporting purpose rather than for management purpose. Indirect construction costs, even though they have been constantly increased, are allocated to each construction project in proportion to direct construction costs. It results in distortions in cost estimation and/or profitability analysis. Other factors that may cause poor cost management include: difficulties in setting cost standards, non-systematic management of subcontracting costs, lack of subcontractors’ awareness of cost management, insufficient man power for effective management of costs, and ineffective use of strategic cost management system. To address these problems, construction companies need a system that enables them to find accurate construction costs such as Activity-Based Costing (hereafter, ABC). ABC is a method to identify activities incurring indirect costs which are hard to be traced. It is also necessary to make efforts to reduce inefficiency at the pre-construction designing stage, where most of the life-cycle costs are determined. All members of the construction project should also be involved in managing costs. Contractors should cope with their subcontractors in improving subcontractors’ skills of cost management. Long-term efforts to manage costs are especially required to achieve competitive advantages; applying strategic cost management methods such as ABC, target costing, and quality costing. A construction cost information system is also needed to provide information for decision-making. Finally, it is necessary to establish cost management departments at both the head office and construction sites, and to address issues through continuous communication between the head office and construction sites.

창호철물공사 하자발생 원인과 시공품질 영향분석에 관한 연구- 문(Door)에 사용되는 창호철물 중심으로 -

문상덕,정재민,옥종호 한국건축시공학회 2013 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.13 No.4

For this study, a series of interviews with engineers in the Korean construction industry was carried out through a formal workshop format to analyze the causes of the inferior quality of builders’ hardware. The authors established the causes of defects in window hardware construction in relation to the three aspects of system, design, and construction as involving the following seven factors: lack of system (including low ability to create construction specifications); low social awareness of the importance of window hardware; low technical capability to create design drawings; low design costs; small manufacturing capacity; low construction cost; and short duration of construction. Among the seven causes, the biggest cause of defects in window hardware construction is the lack of a system (low ability to create construction specifications), followed by low technical capability to create design drawings. In addition,this study carried out basic research to create measures to prevent defects in window hardware construction by analyzing how such causes of defects are distributed depending on the scale of architectural firms and construction companies during actual projects. 본 연구에서는 창호철물 공사의 하자발생 원인을 제도(System), 설계, 시공 3가지 측면에서 제도 미비(공사시방서 작성능력 부족등), 창호철물의 중요성에 대한 사회적 인식부족, 설계도면 작성 기술력 부족, 설계비 저가등 7가지를 도출하였다. 도출된 7가지 원인 중 창호철물 공사의 하자 발생에 높은 영향을 미치는 원인은 제도 미비(공사시방서 작성능력 부족), 설계도면 작성 기술력 부족이 각각 1순위, 2순위로 나타났다. 또한 이러한 하자발생 원인이 실제프로젝트에서 건축사사무소와 시공사의 규모에 따라 어떻게분포하는지와 시공품질에 미치는 영향을 분석·제시함으로 써 향후 창호철물공사 하자방지 방안 마련을 위한 기초 연구를 수행하였다.

시공능력평가방법에 따른 가치관련성 비교연구

권해숙,오원정 경남대학교 산업경영연구소 2019 지역산업연구 Vol.42 No.4

Construction ability evaluation method is a system in which the Minister of land and transportevaluates and publishes the construction ability of the construction companies at the end of Julyevery year, and reports the indicators, "estimated value of construction ability evaluation." Estimatedvalue of construction ability evaluation is used as an important means of providing information ofthe company in charge of construction when contracting various constructions. This study verifieswhether the estimated value of construction ability evaluation under the revised evaluation methoddiffers statistically significantly from the estimated value of construction ability evaluation under theexisting evaluation method. In addition, based on the study by Kwon Hai-sook, Oh Wonjung(2016), that the estimated value of construction ability evaluation has value relevance, it isrequired to verify that the value relevance to the estimated value of construction ability evaluationhas increased. The empirical analysis results showed that differences exist between the estimated values ofconstruction ability evaluation before and after the revision of the construction capability evaluationmethod, and the relevance of the estimated value of construction ability evaluation increased afterthe revision of the construction capability evaluation method. In addition, it was found that theestimated value of construction performance evaluation, management evaluation, technology abilityevaluation, and new technology evaluation that constitute the estimated values of construction abilityevaluation after the revision of the construction ability evaluation method also became more relevantto the value of the company. The analysis results are interpreted as a result of the revisedconstruction ability assessment method, which means that it can provide information related to theentity's value rather than the existing construction ability evaluation method. 시공능력평가제도는 국토교통부 장관이 매년 7월말 건설업체의 시공실적, 경영상태, 기술능력 및 신인도를 기초로 시공능력을 평가하고 공시하는 제도로서 시공능력평가액이라는 지표를산출하여 보고하고 있다. 시공능력평가액은 각종 공사계약시 공사를 담당하는 기업의 정보를 제공하는 중요한 수단으로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 개정된 평가방법에 의한 시공능력평가액이기존 평가방법에 따른 시공능력평가액과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는지를 검증하고 추가로시공능력평가액이 기업가치와 관련이 있다는 권해숙‧오원정(2016)의 연구를 근거해 시공능력평가액의 기업가치관련성이 증가했는지를 검증하고자 한다. 실증분석결과, 시공능력평가제도 개정 전․후의 시공능력평가액 간에 차이가 존재한다는 결과가 나타났고, 시공능력평가제도 개정 이후 시공능력평가액의 기업가치관련성이 증가한 것으로나타났다. 또한 시공능력평가액을 구성하는 공사실적평가액, 경영평가액, 기술능력평가액, 신인도평가액도 시공능력평가제도 개정 이후 기업가치와의 관련성이 더욱 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 개정된 시공능력평가제도가 기존의 시공능력평가제도보다 기업가치와관련된 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 것을 의미하는 결과로 해석된다.

현대 중국어 비전형적 이중목적어 구문 고찰 : O1이 장소목적어인 경우를 중심으로

남양우 ( Nam¸ Ryangwoo ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2021 中國硏究 Vol.88 No.-

Construction grammar claims that a language consists of constructions. In particular, simple clause constructions can be expanded either internally or externally. This paper explores the generative mechanisms and characteristics of ‘place recipient-double object construction’ based on this perspective. This construction was first influenced by the typical double-objective construction. Chinese double objective constructions have high expandability, so it is polysemous, ‘place recipient-double object construction’ also has a polysemous relationship with the double-objective construction. In addition, this construction was influenced by the fugitive construction and ‘possessor-subject possessee-object’ construction, they are connected metaphorically to each other. This paper compared the relevant constructions which are ‘ba’ construction and ‘S+在NP+V+O’ construction to reveal the individual characteristics of the ‘place recipient-double object construction’. ‘place recipient-double object construction’ and ‘ba’ construction can commonly mean ‘movement of a theme from an agent to a place’, but the difference between the two constructions is the information value of O2. In A, the subject argument is of no informational value to the listener because it is an old information. ‘ba’ construction's theme is old information, so it has no informational value to the listener. On the other hand, ‘place recipient-double object construction’'s theme is new information, so it has informational value to the listener. ‘place recipient-double object construction’ and ‘S+在NP+V+O’ construction differ in terms of the prominence of place. In ‘S+在NP+V+O’ construction, a place argument is not profiled and it just functions as ground. On the other hand, a place argument of ‘place recipient-double object construction’ is a remarkable participant profiled as part of the whole process. This reflects the cognitive differences of speakers who perceive the same event differently.