인간의 마음과 상호주체성:『댈러웨이 부인』에 대한 인지적 고찰

박소영(Park, Soyoung) 한국문화융합학회 2018 문화와 융합 Vol.40 No.4

인문학 분야에 인지적 전환이 도입된 이래, 인간의 인지와 관련된 연구를 문학 분야에 적용하려는 시도는 문학비평에 대한 하나의 새로운 대안으로 떠올랐다. 인지과학과 문학이 공통적으로 기반하는 부분이 있다면 그것은 인간의 마음에 대한 관심이라고 할 것이다. 인간의 마음과 신체가 갖는 이러한 상관성은 “체화된 마음”(embodied mind) 혹은 “체화된 인지”(embodied cognition) 개념으로 설명할 수 있다. 체화된 마음 혹은 체화된 인지 가설은 인간은 몸으로 생각한다는 것을 기본 전제로 한다. 인간의 인지구조가 갖는 특징은 그것이 하나의 단일한 경로나 출처를 통해 형성되고 소통되는 것이 아니라, 여러 층위의 인지적 구조가 중첩된 상호-주체성의 구조를 갖는다는 것이다. 복잡한 감정의 문제와 관련된 주제를 인지적 관점에서 볼 때 인간의 정신 및 사고, 감정 등이 타인과의 교감 속에서 소통되는 방식은 ‘상호주체성’(intersubjectivity)을 구성한다. 하나의 서사 안에는 다수의 인물들이 등장하여 상호주체성을 형상화한다. 울프는 영미 소설의 전통에서 상호주체성을 잘 구현해낸 대표적인 작가 중 하나로 손꼽힌다. 특히 자신의 글쓰기 실험을 극대화한 소설 『댈러웨이 부인』에서 이러한 인지적 구조의 특성을 구현하고 확대하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 복잡한 상호주체성들의 네트워크를 창조해내기 위해 울프는 상호주체성의 다양한 층위를 설명할 인지구조의 양상을 창출했다고 볼 수 있다. Since the introduction of cognitive shifts in the field of humanities, attempts to apply research on human cognition to literature have emerged as a new alternative to literary criticism. If there is an element on which cognitive science and literature are based in common, it is an interest in human mind. The correlation between the human mind and the body can be explained by the concept of embodied mind or embodied cognition . The embodied mind or the embodied cognitive hypothesis is based on the assumption that human beings think in the body. The characteristic of the human cognitive structure is that it is not formed and communicated through one single path or source, but has a mutual-subject structure with overlapping cognitive structures at different levels. From a cognitive point of view, the subject related to complex emotional problems is a form of intersubjectivity in which human mind, thoughts, and feelings communicate with others. In a narrative, a large number of characters emerge to shape the subjectivity of each other. Virginia Wolf is considered one of the most prominent writers who have realized intersubjectivity in the tradition of English and American novels. In particular, Mrs. Dalloway, which maximizes Woolf’s writing experiment, can be seen as realizing and expanding the characteristics of the human cognitive structure. In order to create a network of complex interdependencies, Wolfe has created an aspect of the cognitive structure that explains the various layers of intersubjectivity.

汉韩“嘴/口”类词的语义认知分析

박화염,한용수 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2015 中國學論叢 Vol.50 No.-

Language is an important means of human perception and the accumulation of knowledge. Language and cognition are closely related. It is not established by the people through long social practice. Because different people have different growth environment, social background and cultural background, these different factors will affect people's cognitive activities and cognitive ability. According to the theory of cognitive linguistics, human’s own physical experience is the basis of human cognition, the starting point of cognition, and also a tool of cognition. The experiences gained from bodies are spread to the cognitive world by way of metaphors and other cognitive schemas. That’s how concept system formed. Human cognitive activities are rooted in the physical experiences of human beings. In other words, people's basic experience plays a very important role in the process of human cognition. The “嘴/口” related words are very important words in the human body vocabulary. People need to survive by the usage of “嘴/口” to complete the most basic “eating” and “speaking“ behavior, so the “嘴/口” related words in Chinese and Korean for semantic analysis have high research value and significance. Based on the results of previous studies, the dictionary meaning of words in Chinese and Korean “嘴/口” as well as the related theories of cognitive linguistics and contrastive linguistics, this article aims at analyzing the similarities and differences of the structure and function of the “嘴/口” related words in Chinese and Korean in the semantic expansion . Hoping this article can provide a reference for the Chinese and foreign language vocabulary teaching.

Cognitive Effects of Wh-clefts

Kim, Kyoungyoul 한국중앙영어영문학회 2005 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.3

This study discusses the cognitive effects of wh-clefts based on a cognitive-functional approach. The main purpose of this study is to present a cognitive framework for the cognitive-functional analysis of the relationship between the syntactic structure of wh-clefts and their discourse-motivated pragmatic functions. This study introduces the conceptual (or cognitive) notion of wh-cleft and argues that the cognitively salient structural properties of wh-clefts contribute crucially to their diverse discourse-pragmatic functions. It proposes that the cognitive structure of wh-clefts allows the speaker/writer to project effectively what she/he wishes to deliver through the cognitively salient process of information, creating topicalizing and focusing effects, a background effect, and the speaker/writer-oriented strategies for a communication effect in the flow of discourse.

漢韓嘴/口類詞的語義認知分析

박화염 ( Hua Yan Piao ),한용수 ( Yong Su Han ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2015 中國學論叢 Vol.50 No.-

Language is an important means of human perception and the accumulation of knowledge. Language and cognition are closely related. It is not established by the people through long social practice. Because different people have different growth environment, social background and cultural background, these different factors will affect people``s cognitive activities and cognitive ability. According to the theory of cognitive linguistics, human’s own physical experience is the basis of human cognition, the starting point of cognition, and also a tool of cognition. The experiences gained from bodies are spread to the cognitive world by way of metaphors and other cognitive schemas. That’s how concept system formed. Human cognitive activities are rooted in the physical experiences of human beings. In other words, people``s basic experience plays avery important role in the process of human cognition. The “嘴/口” related words are very important words in the human body vocabulary. People need to survive by the usage of “嘴/口” to complete the most basic “eating” and “speaking“ behavior, so the “嘴/口” related words in Chineseand Korean for semantic analysis have high research value and significance. Based on the results of previous studies, the dictionary meaning of words in Chinese and Korean “嘴/口” as well as the related theories of cognitive linguistics and contrastive linguistics, this article aims at analyzing the similarities and differences of the structure and function of the “嘴/口” related words in Chinese and Korean in the semantic expansion . Hoping this article can provide a reference for the Chinese and foreign language vocabulary teaching.

『맹자』무표 ‘사동구’와 ‘의동구’의 도출 비교 해석 ― 생성문법의 경동사 이론을 중심으로

김종호 한국중어중문학회 2023 中語中文學 Vol.- No.94

This paper interprets the phenomenon of causative and cognitive phrase observed in the "Mencius" in Classical Chinese using the so-called atypical “VO” structures. A summary of the content is as follows: 1) Why do atypical syntactic structures arise? This occurs when the lexical head X element is an intransitive verb, an adjective, or a noun. These elements cannot take their own complements independently. However, when these lexical heads merge with an covert light verb multiple times, and through the merging process with the designated subject, they acquire a complement in the same position as an object. This leads to the proliferation of so-called atypical “VO” structures that cannot take the accusative marker '-을/를' when translated into Korean. 2) Why do both the causative and cognitive event meanings arise in the same syntactic structure? This is due to the differences in the light verbs that operate on the lexical head. In other words, it occurs when light verbs representing causative and cognitive meanings both operate in the same syntactic structure. 3) In the causative structure, the determiner phrase DP1 that appears in the inner subject position functions as the <causer>, and DP2 mostly functions as the <experiencer>, while in some cases, it serves as the <theme>. 4) In the cognitive structure, the determiner phrase DP1 in the inner subject position functions as the <recognizer>, and DP2 serves as the <theme>. This paper explores the generative grammar aspects of light verbs, particularly in the context of Classical Chinese, shedding light on the formation of atypical “VO” structures and the simultaneous occurrence of causative and cognitive eventualities within these structures.

절 구조를 고려한 한국어 부사어의 출현 위치 분석 : 인지문법의 개념적 구조를 기반으로

김인환 담화·인지언어학회 2024 담화와 인지 Vol.31 No.2

This study aims to uncover the prototypical position of Korean adverbs. In the discussion about the hierarchical structure of sentences, the existence and hierarchical nature of this structure were demonstrated by the order in which adverbs appeared. It is said that sentences are layered in meaning, with adverbs corresponding to these layers appearing in the sentence in the same hierarchical order of appearance. However, when it comes to adverbs, there are some whose positions appear to be flexible. Therefore, it is essential to confirm the order of their appearance through quantitative research. In this study, the sequence of adverb appearance is unveiled through quantitative research. The theory currently under consideration is Langacker's (1987, 1991, 2008) semantic structure. Unlike the hierarchical structure theory of sentences, this semantic structure can apply the same semantic function not only to the clause structure but also to the noun phrase structure. Through this, we attempted to provide a cognitive explanation for the order in which adverbs appear. In addition, the analysis confirmed differences in the distribution of adverbs indicating temporal position and those indicating temporal extent in Korean. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the position of the sentence adverb, which was previously thought to be flexible, is actually at the beginning of the sentence.

‘통(通)하-’의 의미구조와 의미확장 양상 분석

김령환 한국어문학회 2017 語文學 Vol.0 No.138

The objective of this study is to analyze the semantic structure and meaning extension of the verb ‘thong-ha–’ through the lens of cognitive linguistics. When speaking of ‘prototype categorization’, cognitive linguistics sees the semantic structure of a polysemy as a ‘semantic network structure’ or a ‘semantic sequence structure.’ Based on schema expansion, the lexical meanings of a polysemy expand from prototypical meanings to extended meanings. It has to be noted that not all of the extended meanings have something in common with core meanings; rather, with this semantic extension set in sequence, extended meanings that do not share core meaning can also occur. The analysis of the semantic structure and meaning extension of ‘thong-ha –’ has yielded the following results. The prototypical meaning of ‘thong-ha –’ represents events in which a concrete object moves along a specific path. Basically, the prototypical meaning of ‘thong-ha–’ can be divided into two sub-meanings according to whether the [path] or the [moving object] is emphasized. If the [path] is brought into relief, the semantic sequence is: [physical spatial path]→[means of movement]→[means]→[qualification]/ [cause]. In the semantic extension from [means of movement] to [means], the meaning of [movement], which is the core meaning of ‘thong-ha–’, disappears. Then, in the semantic extension from [means] to [qualification] and [cause], the semantic relation between [physical spatial path], [means], [qualification], and [cause] becomes ambiguous and blurred. On the other hand, when the [moving object] is brought into focus, the semantic sequence is: [movement of concrete object]→[movement of abstract object]. The [movement of abstract object] is mainly used to mean the [word or expression] that shows the ‘smoothness of communication’ and the [way] by which ‘influence is shown’.

하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램 구조와 학습자 인식양식이 초등학생 학업성취에 미치는 효과

김성완,황경현 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.3

이 연구는 하이퍼미디어 학습 환경에서 프로그램의 구조와 학습자의 인지양식이 초등학생의 학업성취도에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 초등학교 4학년 128명(장독립적, 장의존적 학습자)을 대상으로 망상형과 위계형 구조의 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램을 학습하게 한 후 학업성취도를 검사하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램의 구조와 학습자 인지양식은 초등학생의 학업성취도에 대해 상호작용의 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램의 구조 간에 초등학생의 학업성취도가 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 특히, 위계적 구조의 학습자 집단이 망상형 구조의 학습자 집단보다 사실과 원리 영역에 있어서 더 높은 학업성취도를 나타냈다. 셋째, 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램에서 초등학생의 인지양식 간에 학업성취도가 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 장독립적 인지양식의 학습자 집단이 장의존적 인지양식의 학습자 집단 보다 사실, 개념, 절차, 원리 영역 등 모든 지식영역에 있어서 더 높은 학업성취도를 보여주었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 교수설계자는 하이퍼미디어 학습 프로그램을 설계할 때 프로그램 구조, 학습자의 인지양식과 학습내용의 지식영역을 충분히 고려해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship among the hypermedia structure(hierarchical and network), learner's cognitive style(field-independent and field-dependent), and learning performance in the elementary school. 128 students(4th graders) having field-independent and field-dependent cognitive style were randomly allocated into hierarchical and network structures of hypermedia learning program. There was not significant interaction between hypermedia structure and cognitive style in learning performance. The students in the hierarchical hypermedia structure showed higher learning performance than ones in the network hypermedia structure. Field-independent students significantly got higher results than field-dependent ones. It is concluded that instructional designers should consider hypermedia structure, learner's cognitive style, and learning outcomes when they plan and design hypermedia learning program.

하이퍼미디어의 구조와 학습자의 인지양식이 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과

황경현,이명근 연세대학교 교육연구소 2006 미래교육학연구 Vol.19 No.1

이 연구는 하이퍼미디어의 구조와 학습자의 인지양식이 문제해결과정에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 하이퍼미디어의 구조는 망사형과 위계형으로, 학습자의 인지양식은 장독립적 인지양식과 장의존적 인지양식으로 구분하였다. 이 연구를 위해 장독립적 · 장의존적 인지양식을 가진 학습자로 판단된 초등학교 4학년 121명을 대상으로 하이퍼미디어 프로그램을 학습하게 한 후 문제해결과정 검사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 1) 하이퍼미디어의 구조와 학습자 인지양식의 문제해결과정 성취도에 대한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았다. 2) 하이퍼미디어의 구조에 따라 문제해결과정 성취도에는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 3) 장독립적 학습자 집단과 장의존적 학습자 집단은 문제해결과정 성취도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 문제해결능력의 효과성을 도모하기 위해서는 하이퍼미디어의 구조와 학습자의 인지양식을 고려하는 교수-학습의 방안이 모색되어야 할 필요성을 제기시킨다. 학습자에게 유의미한 사고 과정을 촉진하고 바람직한 문제해결학습을 지향하기 위해서는 매체와 학습자 특성이 반영된 교수 설계가 뒷받침되어야겠다. The purpose of this study was to identify effects of hypermedia structure(network and hierarchical) and learner's cognitive styles(field-independent and field-dependent) on the problem solving process in the elementary school. 121 learners(4th grader) having field-independent and field-dependent cognitive style were allocated into network and hierarchical structure of hypermedia learning program. There was not a significant interactive effect between hypermedia structure and cognitive style in problem solving process. Learners in the network hypermedia structure showed higher results than ones in the hierarchical hypermedia structure. Field-independent learners significantly got higher results than field-dependent ones. It was concluded that instructional designers should consider both hypermedia structure and learner's cognitive style when they would plan and design hypermedia learning program.

장용학 소설의 서사 원형(原型) 연구 : 종말의식과 묵시록적 인식구조를 중심으로

김정관(Kim Jeong-kwan) 한국비평문학회 2010 批評文學 Vol.- No.38

This thesis focuses on the production principle of the text which constitutes the original form of the narration in Chang Yong-hak's novel, by studying through the mutual textual relation how the social reality with the value crisis that is exposed by the Korean War is expressed at the stage of the linguistic form and narrative structure. In addition, this thesis tries to interpret both the writer's cognitive structure and the meaning of the times in the allegorical narrative pattern which is developed on the grounds of the escatological and apocalyptic thinking way, and evaluate newly the Chang's novel by sheding new lights on the function of text to which aesthetic, mental and social stages work multiply. In 「Yohan's collection of poems」「Non-human's birth」「Prologue of the dynastic change」, though there are some differences with the hero's experiential consciousness and story, the production principle of the text that leads the meaning structure of the deep narration has definitely the original form. Therefore these works present structurally similarity one another and they form the reciprocal implicative relation in the structure of the wider category. It can be grasped that the common structure throughout Chang's novel has something to do with the 'escatological consciousness' and 'apocalyptic consciousness structure' which are made out of the actual experience of the absurd crisis. This cognitive structure not only gives the unity to the works connecting with the paradigm of the mental process but also forms the foundation of the allegoric formal principle and narrative structure that are the aesthetic characteristics of the overall works.