Central nervous system 병변의 재발 없이 mental nerve를 침범한 precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma의 증례 보고

한선희,남정우,박혁,김형준,김남희,김현실,육종인 대한구강악안면병리학회 2010 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Facial numbness restricted to the distribution of the mental nerve(mental neuropathy) is called "numb chin syndrome". The clinical importance of this syndrome is associated with first recognition of involvement of malignant diseases. The malignant neoplasm with numb chin syndrome show rapid progression and high mortality. We present a 43-year-old female who had been treated by radiotherapy for precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma involving the central nervous system(CNS) previously and later developed mental nerve invasion without central nervous system recurrence. MRI images revealed the CNS tumor mass remitted, and there was no identified peripheral nervous system(PNS) involvement including the mental nerve invasion, nevertheless the patient complained of consistent numbness and pain on right mandibular area. This is the first case of precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accompanying mental nerve invasion without recurrence for central nervous system. Proper interpretation for mental neuropathy may lead to the prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

중추신경계 질환의 진단과 치료를 위한 엑소좀의 활용

박지아,최윤식 한국생명과학회 2023 생명과학회지 Vol.33 No.9

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle containing proteins and messenger and microRNAs; they are secreted by all cell types. Once released, exosomes are selectively taken up by other cells adjacent or at a distance, releasing their contents and reprogramming the target cells. Since exosomes are natural vesicles produced by cells as small sizes, it is generally accepted that exosomes have a non-toxic nature and non-immunogenic behaviors. Recently, exosomes have elicited scientific attention as drug delivery vehicles to the central nervous system. The central nervous system has a blood-brain barrier that makes it difficult for drugs to penetrate. Thus, the blood-brain barrier has been a major obstacle to the development of drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier primarily through transcytosis. Consequently, exosomes are expected to become a new delivery vehicle that can cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs into the brain parenchyma. In addition, since different types of exosomes are secreted depending on the cell type and disease state, exosomes can also be utilized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarized recent research trends on exosomes, including clinical trials as biomarkers and treatment options for diseases in the central nervous system.

Necrotizing Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System Mimicking Brain Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review

Chanjin Park,Eun Sun Choi,Euno Choi,Eunhee Kim 대한영상의학회 2023 대한영상의학회지 Vol.84 No.6

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis in the central nervous system. Herein, we report a case of diagnosis and treatment of necrotic pattern PACNS, which was difficult to differentiate from a brain abscess. A 19-year-old male presented with blurred vision and a headache. Brain MRI revealed irregular rim-enhancing necrotic masses with central diffusion-high signal intensity in the corpus callosum and peripheral diffusion-high signal intensity in the left parietotemporal periventricular area. Susceptibility-weighted imaging revealed multiple punctate hemorrhages in the lesions. The patient was diagnosed with unusual abscess or tumefactive PACNS. Therefore, we initially treated the patient with antibiotics to rule out brain abscess. However, the brain lesions did not improve on follow-up MRI after the antibiotic treatment. Surgical biopsy was performed, and the histopathological diagnosis was PACNS with a necrotic pattern. The necrotic lesions became smaller on follow-up MRI after high-dose corticosteroid treatment.

Central nervous system 병변의 재발 없이 mental nerve를 침범한 precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma의 증례 보고

한선희,남정우,박혁,김형준,김남희,김현실,육종인 대한구강악안면병리학회 2010 대한구강악안면병리학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Facial numbness restricted to the distribution of the mental nerve(mental neuropathy) is called "numb chin syndrome". The clinical importance of this syndrome is associated with first recognition of involvement of malignant diseases. The malignant neoplasm with numb chin syndrome show rapid progression and high mortality. We present a 43-year-old female who had been treated by radiotherapy for precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma involving the central nervous system( CNS) previously and later developed mental nerve invasion without central nervous system recurrence. MRI images revealed the CNS tumor mass remitted, and there was no identified peripheral nervous system(PNS) involvement including the mental nerve invasion, nevertheless the patient complained of consistent numbness and pain on right mandibular area. This is the first case of precursor T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accompanying mental nerve invasion without recurrence for central nervous system. Proper interpretation for mental neuropathy may lead to the prompt diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.

중추신경계 침범 소견을 보인 신경 Sweet 증후군

김재왕 ( Jae Wang Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2009 대한피부과학회지 Vol.47 No.5

Sweet`s syndrome is an acute reactive condition that is characterized by fever, neutrophilic leukocytosis, erythematous tender edematous plaques or papules, and a dense dermal infiltrate of mature neutrophils. Although the extracutaneous manifestations of Sweet`s syndrome are commonly seen in the joints and eyes, the central nervous system is rarely involved. A novel concept designated Neuro-Sweet`s syndrome has recently been proposed for those cases of Sweet`s syndrome that involve the central nervous system. It is essential to evaluate the skin eruptions in patients with recurrent meningoencephalitis of an unknown origin in order to avoid unnecessary empiric therapy. Herein, we report on two men who suffered from acute recurrent meningoencephalitis and they were subsequently diagnosed as having Neuro-Sweet`s syndrome. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(5):570~575)

The complement system: a potential target for the comorbidity of chronic pain and depression

Shanshan Tang,Wen Hu,Helin Zou,Qingyang Luo,Wenwen Deng,Song Cao 대한통증학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.37 No.2

The mechanisms of the chronic pain and depression comorbidity have gained significant attention in recent years. The complement system, widely involved in central nervous system diseases and mediating non-specific immune mechanisms in the body, remains incompletely understood in its involvement in the comorbidity mechanisms of chronic pain and depression. This review aims to consolidate the findings from recent studies on the complement system in chronic pain and depression, proposing that it may serve as a promising shared therapeutic target for both conditions. Complement proteins C1q, C3, C5, as well as their cleavage products C3a and C5a, along with the associated receptors C3aR, CR3, and C5aR, are believed to have significant implications in the comorbid mechanism. The primary potential mechanisms encompass the involvement of the complement cascade C1q/C3- CR3 in the activation of microglia and synaptic pruning in the amygdala and hippocampus, the role of complement cascade C3/C3a-C3aR in the interaction between astrocytes and microglia, leading to synaptic pruning, and the C3a-C3aR axis and C5a-C5aR axis to trigger inflammation within the central nervous system. We focus on studies on the role of the complement system in the comorbid mechanisms of chronic pain and depression.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma with intramedullary spinal cord involvement mimicking inflammatory demyelinating disease

HYUN SOO KIM,남태승,Michael Levy,이경화,김자혜,Department of radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, G 대한신경집중치료학회 2019 대한신경집중치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Background: Spinal cord involvement of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is rare in a young immunocompetent patient and can be misdiagnosed as an inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) of the central nervous system. Case report: We report a case of PCNSL mimicking IDD in a previously healthy 46-year-old man with weakness in both hands for 1 week. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spinal cord revealed contrast-enhancing intraparenchymal and leptomeningeal lesions in the cervical spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed pleocytosis (37/mm3). The patient’s symptoms and lesions improved with corticosteroid treatment. However, he developed semicomatose mentality 5 months later. Brain MRI, ventricular biopsy, and 18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography confirmed PCNSL. The patient deceased 3 months later, despite high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy. Conclusion: Persistent gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions along the ventricular regions and spinal leptomeninges could differentiate PCNSL involving the spinal cord from IDD in the early stages of the disease.

A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma diagnosed with cerebrospinal fluid analysis: replacement brain biopsy with cerebrospinal fluid immunohistochemistry and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement

Lee, Jun Ho,Yu, Shinae,Lee, Ja Young,Kim, Yeon Mee,Lee, Dong Ah,Kim, Sung Eun The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2022 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.24 No.2

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma confined to the central nervous system. Its diagnosis requires a stereotactic biopsy, which is an invasive procedure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis is less invasive and easier to perform than a stereotactic biopsy. We hereby report a PCNSL case diagnosed using CSF analysis and treated with systemic chemotherapy.

성인남성의 고강도 운동 후 회복시간의 차이가 중추신경계에 미치는 영향

김승열(Kim, Seung-Ryol) 한국체육과학회 2013 한국체육과학회지 Vol.22 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of differences in recovering time on the central nervous system after adult males"high-intensity physical exercises. The participants of this study was 20 male adults who have not participated regular exercises for 2 years. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, this study used P300 component of ERPs and N2 component that became to affect influences to the information treating process such as brain"s perception, recognition, and inference. Through the research analysis, this study reached the following conclusions : First, as the result of this research, RPE and HR of adult males rose to the total exhaustion during sports accomplishment, and HR, blood lactate, temperature were raised significantly compared to pre-exercising, and then reached to the recovery stage while being lowered gradually. Second, Though P300 amplitude was lowered significantly right before exercising compared to pre-exercising, it was recovered to pre-exercising stage as time went by. Like this, functional decreases of the information treating process are caused as much as adults do high-intensity exercises that reach to the total exhaustion or time becomes longer right after sports accomplishment. However, HR, blood lactate, and temperature become to be recovered to the pre-exercising state with the passage of time. Therefore, it is considered that the differences of recovery time after doing high-intensity exercises affect influences to the central nervous system.

Adult Neurogenesis in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

김현정,선웅 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2012 International Neurourology Journal Vol.16 No.2

Neurogenesis occurs during embryonic development and continues throughout adulthood. Although spontaneous adult neurogenesis is restricted to selective germinal regions, including the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, neural stem cells (NSCs) are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Besides their ability to integrate into existing neural networks during physiological conditions, NSCs also proliferate and differentiate in response to injury, thus promising the potential use of endogenous NSCs for the treatment of neuropathological conditions. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the understanding of adult neurogenesis in the brain and peripheral nervous system.