생쥐 턱밑샘의 발생, 분화 및 노화에 따른 C-type natriuretic peptide와 natriuretic peptide 수용기의 발현양상

복세미(Se-Mi Bok),김택헌(Tak-Heun Kim),박기랑(Kee-Rang Park),조의식(Eui-Sic Cho) 대한해부학회 2005 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.38 No.4

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)는 natriuretic peptide family의 하나로서 주로 중추신경계통과 혈관내피세포에서 국소적으로 합성되는 것으로 알려져 있으나 최근 다른 말초기관에서도 합성되어 세포의 성장과 분화 조절에 관여하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 연구자들은 CNP가 정상 성체 턱밑샘의 사이관과 곱슬과립세관세포에서 국소적으로 합성되어 분포하며 생물학적 활성을 보임을 보고한 바 있으나, 발생 및 분화, 그리고 노화에 따르는 발현 및 활성에 대해서는 알려진 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 턱밑샘의 발생 및 분화과정에서 CNP와 그 수용기의 발현양상과 노화과정에서 그 수용기의 생물학적 활성변화를 알아보고자, 임신14, 16, 18일된 C57BL/6N 생쥐 배자와 출생 후 1일, 2주, 그리고 1, 2, 12, 24개월된 성체의 턱밑샘을 대상으로 RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, 면역조직화학법 그리고 cGMP assay를 시행하였다. CNP는 임신14일에 턱밑샘의 원기인 외배엽성상피싹 종말부위에서 강하게 발현되었으며 출생 전까지 높게 유지되었으나 출생 후 현저히 감소되었다. CNP는 성체 턱밑샘의 사이관과 곱슬과립세관에 분포하고 있었으며 이들 관계통에서 NPRC는 특이적으로 발현되었으나 NPRB는 발현되지 않았다. RT-PCR결과 턱밑샘에서 CNP전사체는 임신16일부터 출생 후 2개월까지 점차 감소하였으나 ANP전사체는 증가하였다. CNP에 특이적인 수용기인 NPRB와 NPRC는 CNP와 동일한 발현양상이었으나 NPRA는 약하게 발현되었다. 또한 CNP는 치아싹, 혀, 앞위턱뼈, 뼈형성 부위와 같은 두개안면 조직에서도 발현되었으며, 이들 부위에서도 NPRC는 발현되었으나 NPRB는 발현되지 않았다. 출생 후 2개월된 턱밑샘의 관세포는 CNP에 의해 현저히 많은 cGMP를 생성하였으나, 샘꽈리는 CNP보다는 ANP와 BNP에 의해 많은 cGMP를 생성하였다. 노화에 따라 턱밑샘의 cGMP 활성능력은 전반적으로 감소되었으며 출생 후 1개월된 턱밑샘에서는 CNP, 출생 후 2개월 이후로는 ANP에 의한 cGMP 활성이 우세하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 CNP는 턱밑샘에서 NPRC를 매개로 하는 발생 및 분화유도 기능을 주로 수행하며, 성체이후에는 NPRB를 매개로 하는 관계통 유지에 관여하고 노화에 따라서 활성이 점차 감소하는 것으로 추정된다. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a member of natriuretic peptide family, is mainly synthesized in the endothelium and central nervous system. But CNP is also involved in the growth and differentiation of other peripheral organs. Although we have reported the local synthesis and localization of CNP in the adult submandibular glands (SMG), it is not known that the expression and biological activity of CNP following the morphogenesis, differentiation and aging. This study aimed to examine the expression of CNP and its receptors in the developing and differentiating stages of mouse SMG, and the changes of biological activity of its receptors with aging. The SMG, obtained from 14, 16, 18 days-old embryos (E) and 1 day, 2 weeks, 1, 2, 12, and 24 month-old C57BL/6N mouse, were processed for RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and cGMP assay. CNP was strongly expressed in the epithelial clusters of primitive SMG, which was maintained before birth but was markedly decreased after birth. CNP was localized in the intercalated duct and granular convoluted tubules of adult SMG, where NPRC was specifically expressed but NPRB was not. CNP mRNA was gradually decreased from E16 to 2 M but ANP mRNA was opposed. NPRB and NPRC were the same pattern of the expression of CNP but NPRA was weakly expressed. In addition, CNP mRNA was also expressed in the craniofacial tissues such as tooth germs, tongue, premaxilla and bone forming area in which NPRC was specifically expressed but NPRB was not. In the SMG of 2 M, the membrane of duct cells markedly produced cGMP by CNP whereas acini produced cGMP by ANP and BNP rather than CNP. The biological activity of cGMP production of SMG gradually decreased with age. cGMP production was dominant by CNP in SMG of 1M but was by ANP after 2M. These results shows that CNP may play roles both in the morphogenesis and differentiation via NPRC and in the maintenance of duct system via NPRB in the mouse SMG and that the biological activity of its receptors may decreased with aging.

심부전 백서의 대동맥과 폐동맥에서 보이는 C형 이뇨단백에 대한 이완반응의 이상

김철호,김광일,조영석,조주희,오병희,이명묵,박영배,최윤식,이영우 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.8

A Novel Calcineurin-interacting Protein, CNP-3, Modulates Calcineurin Deficient Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Yun Hee Kim,송현옥,Kyung Min Ko,Gunasekaran Singaravelu,Changhoon Jee,강준수,안주홍 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.4

Calcineurin (Cn) is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that has diverse functions in different cell types and organisms. We screened proteins interacting with the C. elegans CnA homolog, TAX-6, by the yeast two-hybrid system. CNP-3 (Calcineurin interacting protein-3) is a novel protein that physically interacts with the catalytic domain of TAX-6. It is strongly expressed in the nuclei of intestine, hypodermis, dorsal uterine regions and spermatheca. Expression begins around the 60-cell stage and proceeds during all larval stages and the adult. To elucidate the biological function of cnp-3 we isolated a cnp-3 deletion mutant. Since CNP-3 binds CnA, we looked at factors associated with calcineurin loss-of-function mutants, such as brood size, body size, serotonin- and levamisole-mediated egg-laying behavior. The cnp-3(jh145) single mutant had no gross defects compared to wild-type animal. However, the phenotypes of the double mutants, tax-6(p675);cnp- 3(jh145) and cnb-1(jh103);cnp-3(jh145), were more severe in terms of brood size, body size and serotoninmediated egg-laying defects than tax-6(p675) and cnb- 1(jh103), respectively. These results suggest that dysfunction of cnp-3 enhances certain calcineurin loss-offunction phenotypes in C. elegans.

Novel calcineurin interacting protein-2: the functional characterization of CNP-2 in Caenorhabditis elegans

( Xiang Lan Cai ),( Min Ko Kyung ),( Gunasekaran Singaravelu ),( Joohong Ahnn ) 생화학분자생물학회 2008 BMB Reports Vol.41 No.6

과학영재의 창의성 신장을 위한 CNP 모형의 개발과 적용

황요한,박종석 韓國英才學會 2010 영재교육연구 Vol.20 No.3

창의성은 다양한 사고, 실험 수업, 열린 상황 등의 여러 조건과 체계적인 교육프로그램으로 신장시킬 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 과학영재의 창의성 신장 프로그램으로 CNP 모형을 개발하였다. 이 모형은 문제발견, 문제구체화, 문제해결 능력 영역을 강조하며, 과학적 문제발견, 통합적 탐구 기능과 탐구적 과학글쓰기를 포함한다. 개발된 6단계의 CNP 모형을 적용하기 위해 수업지도안과 학생 활동지를 별도로 개발하였다. K 대학교 과학영재 교육원 학생들에게 이 모형을 적용한 결과, 학생들은 독창성과 유창성이 향상되었고, 창의적으로 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 각 단계에서 창의적 문제발견 및 문제구체화, 문제해결 능력이 신장되었다. 이에 개발된 CNP 모형은 과학영재의 창의성 신장에 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. Enhancing creativity is possible to offer systematic education programs and several conditions as variable thinking, experiment lesson, opened-situation. We developed CNP model as program for enhancing creativity. The CNP model emphasizes that parts of problem finding, embodying and solving ability and includes scientific problem finding tool, Integrated Process Skills and Science Writing Heuristic. The CNP Model is comprised of six step. We developed teachers' guide and student's worksheets for application. Result of applied CNP model to students of scientifically gifted education center in K University, students were able to enhanced originality and fluency and had solved problems by creative way. And creative problem finding, embodying and solving ability were increased. Therefore, the CNP model was effective in enhancing the creativity of scientifically gifted.

Characteristics of cotton fabric dyed with Euphorbia extract at different concentrations of cellulosic nanoparticles (CNP)

박영미 한국의류학회 2023 Fashion and Textiles Vol.10 No.1

As the perception of the consumer's environment and the toxicity of synthetic dyes that is harmful to humans, interest in natural dyes is also increasing in the textile dyeing industry. This study performed an alternative to metal mordants and used cellulose nanoparticles (CNP) as a natural mortant for dyeing cotton fabrics with natural dyes extracted from Euphorbia. The characteristics with and without CNP mordant were investigated in the experiment. The effects of natural cellulosic mordants were analyzed through color, fastness, color, fastness, air permeability, antibacterial rate, UV protection, and total hand value (THV). As a result, the light fastness has been shown to significantly increase, but the improvements in terms of the wash, perspiration, and rubbing fastness were negligible. In addition, when CNP was added to cotton dyeing, there was no difference change in air permeability, but THV was significantly improved to 5 or more, and the UV protection and bacteria reduction rate were excellent. These results are attributed to the groundwork for studies on other types of natural dyes in the future and, by establishing the benefits of CNP, this study significantly contributes to the improvement of the end-products of dyeing.

Cryptographically-Generated Virtual Credit Card Number for Secure Card-Not-Present Transactions

( Chan-ho Park ),( Chang-seop Park ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.4

Card-Not-Present (CNP) transactions taking place remotely over the Internet are becoming more prevalent. Cardholder authentication should be provided to prevent the CNP fraud resulting from the theft of stored credit card numbers. To address the security problems associated with CNP transactions, the use of a virtual card number derived from the transaction details for the payment has been proposed, instead of the real card number. Since all of the virtual card number schemes proposed so far are based on a password shared between the cardholder and card issuer, transaction disputes due to the malicious behavior of one of the parties involved in the transaction cannot be resolved. In this paper, a new virtual card number scheme is proposed, which is associated with the cardholder`s public key for signature verification. It provides strong cardholder authentication and non-repudiation of the transaction without deploying a public-key infrastructure, so that the transaction dispute can be easily resolved. The proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of its security and usability, and compared with the previously proposed schemes.

Pilot-test of the calcium sodium phosphate (CNP) process for the stabilization/solidification of various mercury-contaminated wastes

Cho, Jae Han,Eom, Yujin,Lee, Tai Gyu Elsevier 2014 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A pilot-scale calcium sodium phosphate (CNP) plant was designed and manufactured to examine the performance of recently developed stabilization/solidification (S/S) technology. Hg-contaminated wastes samples generated via various industrial processes in Korea, including municipal, industrial, and medical waste incineration, wastewater treatment, and lime production, were collected and treated using the pilot-scale CNP plant. S/S samples were fabricated according to various operating conditions, including waste type, the dose of the stabilization reagent (Na<SUB>2</SUB>S), and the waste loading ratio. Although the performances (Hg leaching value and compressive strength) were reduced as the waste loading ratio increased, most of the S/S samples exhibited Hg leaching values that were below the universal treatment standard limit of 25μgL<SUP>−1</SUP> and compressive strengths that exceeded the criterion of 3.45MPa.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Hg leaching from the field-collected waste samples were investigated. </LI> <LI> A calcium sodium phosphate process is proposed to treat Hg-contaminated wastes. </LI> <LI> A pilot-scale treatment plant was designed and manufactured using the CNP process. </LI> <LI> The waste samples were successfully treated using the pilot-scale treatment plant. </LI> </UL> </P>

계약망 프로토콜을 적용한 네트워크 보안 모델의 설계와 시뮬레이션

서경진(Suh, Kyong Jin),조대호(CHO, TAE HO) 한국시뮬레이션학회 2004 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.4

With the growing usage of the networks, the world-wide Internet has become the main means to exchange data and carry out transactions. It has also become the main means to attack hosts. To solve the security problems which occur in the network such as Internet, we import software products of network security elements like an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) and a firewall. In this paper, we have designed and constructed the general simulation environment of network security model composed of multiple IDSes and a firewall which coordinate by CNP (Contract Net Protocol) for the effective detection of the intrusion. The CNP, the methodology for efficient integration of computer systems on heterogeneous environment such as distributed systems, is essentially a collection of agents, which cooperate to resolve a problem. Command console in the CNP is a manager who controls the execution of agents or a contractee, who performs intrusion detection. In the network security model, each model of simulation environment is hierarchically designed by DEVS (Discrete EVent system Specification) formalism. The purpose of this simulation is that the application of rete pattern-matching algorithm speeds up the inference cycle phases of the intrusion detection expert system and we evaluate the characteristics and performance of CNP architecture with rete pattern-matching algorithm.

계약망 프로토콜을 적용한 네트워크 보안 모델의 설계와 시뮬레이션

서경진,조대호 한국시뮬레이션학회 2003 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.4

With the growing usage of the networks, the world-wide Internet has become the main means to exchange data and carry out transactions. It has also become the main means to attack hosts. To solve the security problems which occur in the network such as Internet, we import software products of network security elements like an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) and a firewall. In this paper, we have designed and constructed the general simulation environment of network security model composed of multiple IDSes and a firewall which coordinate by CNP (Contract Net Protocol) for the effective detection of the intrusion. The CNP, the methodology for efficient integration of computer systems on heterogeneous environment such as distributed systems, is essentially a collection of agents, which cooperate to resolve a problem. Command console in the CNP is a manager who controls the execution of agents or a contractee, who performs intrusion detection. In the network security model, each model of simulation environment is hierarchically designed by DEVS(Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. The purpose of this simulation is that the application of rete pattern-matching algorithm speeds up the inference cycle phases of the intrusion detection expert system and we evaluate the characteristics and performance of CNP architecture with rete pattern-matching algorithm.