A Method for Evaluating High Speed Internet Services using Analytic Hierarchy Process

Song Jun O,Kim Woo Je 실천경영학회 2009 실천경영연구 Vol.3 No.1

High speed internet services are provided to most homes according to development of the information technology. The Internet Service Provider (ISP)s have endeavored to increase customers by providing value added internet services. In this paper, we developed a methodology for evaluating internet service products by the analytic hierarchy process. The methodology considers cost, performance, supplement services, and customer support policy of the ISP as evaluation factors. Also, we applied the methodology to the internet service market in South Korea. The result showed that the priority order for high speed internet customers to select an internet service product was cost, performance, customer support policy of the internet service provider, and supplement services. Finally, we accomplished the sensitivity analysis for the evaluation factors used in the analytic hierarchy process.

용접법의 우선순위 결정 방법

김종도(Jong-Do Kim),김광희(Kwang-heui Kim),윤문철(Moon-Chul Yoon) 한국기계가공학회 2016 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.15 No.5

Nowadays, several welding processes are generally used to join parts together, and the materials are generally steel, aluminum, copper, stainless steel, and other difficult-to-weld materials. If a proper welding process is chosen, it is helpful for welding parts. However, there is no desirable technique for appropriately deciding on the welding process in the industry. Therefore, an appropriate method of selecting a welding process is needed for the novice worker in the industry. In this sense, a new analytic network process (ANP) technique is used for effective decision making in welding. By considering several criteria in ANP, a selection method is suggested to decide on the proper welding process. In the study, several criteria were considered for the proper welding of parts. By considering a matrix of prior interdependence effects among various welding processes, a decision-making method based on an ANP is accomplished using a weighting matrix, which is supposed to select an appropriate welding process. In addition, for appropriate decision criteria of the welding process, several factors, such as material, shape, precision, economics, and equipment, are used to accomplish the ANP algorithm. Moreover, the final weighting matrix is calculated following its ANP strategy. Furthermore, this decision-making technique is applied to both stainless razor spot joining and thick steel pipe joining. The results show its reliability and practicality, and the novice engineer and manager can use this technique to determine the best welding process.

An AHP-ANP Comparative Study on the Structural Impact of Adding or Deleting Indifferent Criteria

윤민석 한국기업경영학회 2016 기업경영연구 Vol.23 No.2

This study deals with addition of indifferent or wash criteria on which the alternatives have equal performance in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) against the misguided argument as shortcoming of the AHP. In such case, it is noted that careful attention and a correct approach are required in order not to lead towards the wrong decision of rank reversal when composing priorities of criteria and performances of alternatives according to the criteria. It is proposed that prioritizing effect of added or deleted indifferent criteria requires consistency with the change of conceptual definition in regards to the related elements as well as that of the hierarchical structure if needed. Corresponding to such importance in ranking alternatives, two principles of the AHP need to be considered simultaneously: the completeness for expectation and the outer dependence of a hierarchy on which the argument of rank reversal focuses only. The completeness implies all criteria are represented in the hierarchy or the network. Then the decision makers make sure that their ideas are adequately represented for the outcome to match their expectations. The outer dependence is concerned with hierarchical decomposition, which implies containment of the small elements by large clusters or levels. If one is to omit this axiom, the principle of hierarchic composition would no longer be applied. Through simply adding a new criterion or deleting a criterion in a given hierarchy with no other dependency except outer-dependency, we can show how to adjust the current global priorities by the addition or deletion corresponding to the hierarchic level. This is based on the fact that the conceptual/substantial definition of corresponding higher criterion needs to change as well. As a result, this study shows the wrong example in the previous study overlooked the correct meaning of expectation. This approach coincides with the outcome by supermatrix approach as a general matrix form dealing with a hierarchy. Logically, the adding or deleting of subcriterion in a level of criterion requires the change of the related criteria definition in upper levels and impacts on their priorities according to the related equation which is accompanying with its local priority matrix. When the meaning of completeness is considered to change global vector, not only changing local vector but also changing the else is required. Therefore, it is required to consider the outer-dependency and completeness principles for expectation simultaneously when using hierarchical approach. This study also show that the Analytic Network Process (ANP) as a general approach can cover the case of adding feedback from alternatives to the given hierarchic criteria or subcriteria, where the input and output can be represented in the supermatrix. At first, we show the necessary calculation of feedback from the assumption that the new criterion is indifferent between the two alternatives. Finally, we also show that there is no rank reversal between the two given alternatives, and total priorities with regards to the alternative coincide with those before adding a new but indifferent criterion with the same values to alternatives. Additionally, we find out a feedback characteristic that the priorities of criteria are transferred to the lower subcriteria, which is from the assumption of bidirectional dependency between the criteria and two alternatives in the limiting supermatrix. The other is from the assumption of cycle, the direction of feedback to criteria and subcriteria. We can find the same result as that of the hierarchic approach in this example, and there is no rank reversal. Finally, this paper discusses the way in which there is no irrational/unreasonable rank reversal with simple addition of indifferent criteria in addition to the deletion of the indifferent criteria, which helps AHP/ANP application.

Analytic Hierarchy Process를 이용한 중소병원의 특성화방안 연구

박병석 ( Byung-seg-park ),최호규 ( Ho-gyu Choi ) 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2020 기업경영리뷰 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 AHP의 이론적 고찰과 실증분석을 통해 개별 중소병원이 보유하고 있는 핵심역량과 외부환경의 주요 구성요소들을 계층화하여 분석함으로써 병원의 효율적인 경영을 통한 경쟁력을 강화하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 병원의 대표적인 전담인력인 의료진과 팀장급 이상 간호사, 의료기사 및 행정책임자를 평가대상 집단으로 구성하여 Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) 분석방법을 적용하여 평가지표의 우선순위를 분석하였다. 연구결과 전문영역 선정을 위한 22대 질환 기준 중위계층 평가항목의 우선순위 가중치는 성장성(0.56), 수익성(0.32), 지역사회기여도(0.12)순으로 나타났으며, 일관성비율(CR)은 0.13으로 응답자가 일관성 있게 쌍대비교를 수행 한 것으로 평가된다. 하위계층의 평가항목 우선순위 측정결과 수익성의 중요도는 수요력(0.56)이 시장성(0.41)보다 높았으며, 성장성의 중요도는 환자증가 전망(0.65)이 진료비증가 전망(0.35)보다 높았다. 지역사회기여도 측정결과 지역수요증가전망(0.68)이 지역수요(0.32)보다 높게 나타났다. 22대 질환기준 AHP 매트릭스 분석결과 종합평점 0.55이상으로 집중육성이 필요한 전문영역은 호흡기계의 질환(J00-J99), 소화기계의 질환(K00-K93), 근골격계 및 결합조직의 질환(M00-M99)순이었으며, 종합평점 0.45~0.55사이의 경쟁력 강화가 필요한 분야는 손상중독 및 외인에 의한 기타질환(S00-T98), 순환기계의 질환(I00-I99)순이었다. 또한 특성화영역 선정을 위한 지역 내 차별성 측면의 하위계층 평가항목 우선순위 측정결과 확장 필요성(0.60)이 지역 내 차별성(0.40)보다 높게 분석되었다. 특성화센터 기능기준 AHP종합평점 측정결과 특성화 우선순위는 재활의학센터, 뇌혈관센터, 소화기병센터 순으로 분석되었다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 시사점은 첫째, 개별 중소병원이 보유하고 있는 핵심역량을 기반으로 향후 병원경영의 성패에 중요한 요소로 작용하는 외부환경의 변화요인을 감안한 경쟁력 있는 진료 분야를 선택, 전략적으로 강화하여야 한다는 것이다. 둘째, 의학적으로 필요한 비 급여 완전폐지 등 정부의 보편적 복지정책 시행으로 국민들의 의료서비스에 대한 경제적 접근성이 수월해짐에 따라 병원의 미래발전을 위한 특성화영역을 강화·집중하여 무형자산을 육성함으로써 병원이미지 및 신뢰성을 제고, 의료소비자에게 긍정적인 영향을 미치도록 노력하여야한다는 것이다. 이를 통해 병원의 효율적인 경영에도 유의적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 기대할 수 있다. The objective of the study is to enhance competitiveness through efficient management of hospitals through analyzing key capabilities and key components of the external environment of individual small and medium-sized hospitals with theoretical consideration and empirical analysis of AHP. To this end, the medical team, team leader-level nurses, medical technicians, and administration officials, who are representative staff members of hospitals, were organized into groups subject to evaluation. Then the priority of the assessment index was analyzed by applying the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) method. For selecting the medical specialty areas, the results showed that the priority weighting factors of the middle class assessment criteria for the 22 major disease were growth (0.56), profitability (0.32), and community contribution (0.12). The consistency ratio (CR) was 0.13, and it is confirmed that the pairwise comparisons were performed consistently. As a result of measuring the priority of the lower class, marketing demand (0.56) was higher than marketability (0.41) in the importance of profitability and patients’ growth prospects (0.65) was higher than medical expenses increase (0.35) in the importance of growth. As a result of measuring community contribution, regional demand growth outlook (0.68) was higher than local demand (0.32). According to the analysis of AHP matrix on 22 major diseases, the areas that needs intensive upbringing are respiratory disease (J00-J99), digestive system disease (K00-K93), musculo skeletal system and connective tissue disease (M00-M99) in sequence, and the listed diseases have a total score of 0.55 or higher. Competitiveness areas with a composite score of 0.45 to 0.55 were in order of damage poisoning and exogenous diseases (S00-T98) and circulatory disease (I00-I99). In addition, based on the priority measurement of the lower-layer evaluation items, it was analyzed that the necessity of expansion( 0.60) was higher than that of the regional differentiation (0.40) in terms of regional differentiation for the selection of specialized areas. AHP general assessment results on the specialized center showed that the characterization priorities are in order of rehabilitation medical center, cerebrovascular center, and digestive cavalry center. The implications of this study are as follows. First, in order to manage the variable factors of the external environment, which is important for the management of small and medium hospitals, it is necessary to select and strategically strengthen the competitive medical field based on the core competencies of the hospital. Second, with the government’s universal welfare policy, such as the complete abolition of medically necessary non-insurance, it is easier for the public to access medical services. Efforts should be made to have a positive impact on medical consumers by enhancing the image and credibility of hospitals by fostering intangible assets by strengthening and concentrating specialized areas for future development of hospitals. This can be expected to have a significant impact on the efficient management of hospitals.

무용예술인의 진로정책에 관한 계층분석적 의사결정

태혜신 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2012 스포츠와 법 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of ths study was to collect and analyze priority and relative importance of policy factors to improve career development of dance artists from an expert group consisting of scholars and field workers related to dance career development. In order to achieve these purposes, this study conducted delphic surveys three times with a group of experts consisting of field experts and theorists including the members of govermental and dance organizations and scholars. Selected experts were given explanations about the objectives and contents of this study through emails and telephone calls, and then induced to participate in research. Through this process, 25 experts who gave their consent to participation in research were selected as the subjects of this study. On the other hand this syudy use the Delphic Hierarchy Process(DHP), which combined the Delphi technique and AHP, to measure the weighy of decision making hierarchy. From the results obtained through these processes were drawn conclusion as follows. First, for the justification of suggested policies, the Delphi technique which derives consensus among experts was utilized. The Delphi was took three times: the first and the second were for the review of appropriateness and reasonability; the third was for the development of weight among confirmed policies. The finally confirmed policies consist of 3 areas, 14 policy factors, and 39 specipic policy tasks. Second, as the result of weighting the 3 areas, government(59.4%), related dance institution and organization(24.9%), and university and academic community were in order. Third, as the result of estimating the 14 policy factors, highest priority was given to 'strenghten support system of dance organization'(28.5%). Fourth as the result of estimating the 39 policy factors, highest priority was given to enlarge establishment of professional dance company(19.0%) 본 연구는 무용예술인의 진로계발를 위하여 우선적으로 추진하여야 할 정책 요소들을 추출하고, 요소별 정책추진의 상대적 중요도 및 우선순위를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 무용예술인의 진로계발과 관련된 다양한 이해관계를 대표할 수 있도록 전문성의 영역을 정부기관 및 유관단체, 학계, 무용예술인 등 3개 영역으로 구분하고 각 영역에 해당되는 전문가 25명을 선정한 다음 이메일과 전화 통화를 통해 본 연구의 참여를 요청하였다. 연구방법은 델파이 기법과 계층화 분석법(AHP)을 결합한 ‘Delphic Hierarchy Process(DHP)' 기법을 사용하였으며, 분석적계층화과정(Analytical Hierarchy Process: AHP) 방법을 이용하여 무용예술인의 진로계발을 위한 정책요소의 우선순위를 비교, 분석하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 무용예술인을 위한 합리적인 진로계발 정책을 수립하기 위하여 전문가 패널을 대상으로 2차에 걸친 델파이 조사를 실시한 결과, 3개 정책 영역, 14개 정책요소, 그리고 39개 세부정책으로 구성된 진로계발정책을 개발하였다. 둘째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 영역의 가중치는 정부 및 지자체가 59.4%로 가장 높고, 다음으로 유관기관 및 단체(24.9%), 대학 및 학계(15.7%)의 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 가중치 순위는 진로계발정책의 추진에 있어서 정부 및 지자체의 역할이 가장 중요함을 시사하여 주고 있다. 셋째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 요소의 가중치는 ‘무용조직 및 지원체제 강화’가 28.5%로 가장 높게 나타나 이 항목이 다른 정책요소에 비하여 상대으로 중요하다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 ‘무용재정 확대’(12.0%)와 ‘무용전문인력 양성’(12.0%), ‘교수-학습 환경 개선’(11.0%), ‘무용교육 제도화’(10.2%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 넷째, 무용예술인의 진로계발 정책 세부항목별 가중치는 전체 39개 세부항목 가운데 ‘전문무용단 설립확대’이 19.0%로 가장 높고 그 다음이 ‘무용기획자 양성’(10.0%), ‘무용예산 증액’(9.6%), ‘무용교육 정규화’(6.4%), ‘실무교육 강화’(6.3%)의 순으로 나타났다.

AHP를 이용한 도로사업의 우선순위 분석

정병두 대한교통학회 2002 대한교통학회지 Vol.20 No.5

The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) has been widely used as a comprehensive evaluation method since it can include various evaluation standards of both the public and private sectors. It also provides the objective mathematics to process sub- jective and personal preferences of an individual or a group in making a decision. This study tried to use AHP to determine the priority of roads investment, considering various effects in a hierarchy such as environmental effects, residential life, and regional development which has not been treated explicitly. As a case study, roads in Gyeongsangbukdo province have been chosen for the evaluation in this research. For the application, it used relative measurements to estimate the weight of upper level structure, and absolute measurement for low level structure instead of pairwise comparisons. 공공과 민간부문에 있어 다양한 평가기준에 대하여 집단의사를 반영할 수 있고 주관적이고 객관적인 의사결정변수를 계층적 평가구조에 따라 모두 고려하여 종합평가할 수 있는 집단의사결정 지원시스템으로 AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process:계층분석법)이 주목받고 있으며, 이론적으로도 높이 평가되고 있어 현존하는 의사결정기법 중 가장 광범위하게 활용되고 있다.본 연구에서는 도로투자우선순위를 결정하는데 있어 다기준분석기법으로 AHP를 활용토록 하였으며, 이제까지 경제성외에 소홀하게 다루어졌던 환경적인 측면, 주민생활과 지역균형발전 등을 반영한 종합평가를 실시하기 위하여 평가항목별 가중치를 설정하고 각 항목별 평가지표에 대한 도로투자사업 평가배점의 기준을 마련토록 하였다. 또한 AHP를 적용함에 있어 사례 분석할 경상북도 도로투자사업과 같이 평가대상노선이 많을 경우 쌍대비교에 의한 우선순위 평가가 불가능하기 때문에, 상위 평가항목에 대해서는 상대평가법에 의해 가중치를 구하고, 각각의 하위 목적요소에는 평점에 의한 절대평가법을 조합하여 도로투자우선순위를 결정할 수 있는 AHP의 분석방법론을 제안토록 하였다.

디자인 개념도출인자의 중요도를 고려한 설계과정

류임우,최무혁 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.12

The purpose of the study is to propose a design process considering the weights of design concept determinants through collecting decisions among Architects, design Junes, and other participants. The procedure of this study as follows. First, classifying design concept determinants and then investigating difference of preferences between applicants and Judges, the next finding problems of conventional design processes. Finally, in order to solve these problems, we will propose applicable process of design concept determinants considering the weights of design concept determinants through collecting decisions among design members. And this process will be verified by investigating the difference of the weights on design concept determinants each other, evaluating alternative of design works and investigating steps of practical applications. The methods of investigation were literature investigations, case studies and questionnaire four times, and then analyzed by AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). As the result of investigation and analyses, it was verified design process considering the weights of design concept determinants. If designers in practice use the results of this study, they will be able to design appropriately according to conditions of projects.

Selection of Suitable Pipe Material for New Water Distribution Network Using Analytic Hierarchy Process - A Case Study of Athivilai Village of India

Ajitha Thankanadar Thavamony,Viji Rajagopa 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.2

This study was made to design a new water distribution network for the Athivilai village of Tamilnadu, India. The associated problems of the village are improper water supply for growing water requirements during the summer season. The cost, service life, and material type play an important role when designing a new network. In this study, the suitable pipe material is chosen by using Analytical Hierarchy Process. The criteria selected for Analytic Hierarchy Process include Cost, Service life, Ease of maintenance, Corrosion, Leakage, and Internal pressure. The results show that the Ductile Iron pipe ranks top position followed by High Density Polyethylene, Polyvinyl Chloride, and Galvanized iron. After selecting the pipe material, the design of water distribution network is done in EPANET 2.0 software. The results show that the diameter of pipes ranges from 40 mm to 250 mm. Since the corrosion of smaller diameter Ductile Iron pipes are faster, the High Density Polyethylene pipe which acquires the second rank can be used for diameters smaller than 80 mm. For pipes with a diameter greater than 80 mm, Ductile Iron pipes are used. Furthermore, since a continuous system of supply is designed, the pressure rises above 60 m during non peak hours which indicates that the pipes are constantly subjected to internal pressure. Both the selected pipes can withstand high internal pressure which confirms the results obtained by the Analytic hierarchy process are suitable.

계층적분석기법을 이용한 APS 개선방안 도출

하정훈(Chunghun Ha),이영관(Young Kwan Lee),옥창수(Changsoo Ok) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2011 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.34 No.3

The advanced planning and scheduling(APS) is an well known enterprise information system that provides optimal production schedules and supports to complete production on time by solving the complex scheduling problems including capacity and due dates. In this paper, we focused on the improvement of the APS that is already established on a real company. The existing APS had several drawbacks, thus utilization and satisfaction were very low. We performed the focused group interviews and the process analysis and could find that the end users and developers have various objectives and the frequently used functions are different. We applied the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) to converge opinions of them on quantitative data. The results show that it is necessary to enhance visibility, to improve user interfaces and response speed, and to reconcile the real business process and the APS’s process.

국가인적자원개발 컨소시엄 훈련인프라 사업의 심사 및 성과평가 지표개발

이찬,정보영 한국농·산업교육학회 2016 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.48 No.2

The purpose of this study is to develop the audit and performance evaluation indicators for Korean National Human Resource Development (NHRD) Consortium project. To achieve the purpose, the framework of the audit and performance evaluation was drafted, domain and indicators were legitimated, and the weight and the order of priority has been exposed. Focus group interview (FGI), delphi survey, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were conducted on 13 academic and field experts on Korean NHRD Consortium project. As the result of this study, it was concluded that the audit must be conducted on the eight categories of the three domains: Context, Input, and Process. For the performance evaluation, nine categories of the three domains, Input, Process, and Product, were to be assessed. In the case of the indicators, it was revealed as adequate to configure audit with 23 indicators, and performance evaluation with 27 indicators based on the validation process of the delphi survey. Additionally, the weight and the order of priority have been determined through AHP. Audit needs to have a considerable portion of assessment on vocational education and training (VET) program’s planning, designing, operating, and evaluating process as well as the activity plans provided by the operating organization. The emphasis to the assessment on achievement rates of Software and Humanware has been made for the performance evaluation. The future of Korean NHRD Consortium project must mix both indicators that are used in the current consortium project and the ones suggested in this study, and continue on developing them by facilitating various activities such as developing the evaluation criteria. In particular, human resource development (HRD) researchers may refer to the framework of the studies that aimed to secure the consistency of the audit and performance evaluation. Also, more researches should be made to supplement the decision-making discussion problem of the delphi, and problem on weight of the AHP techniques. 본 연구의 목적은 국가인적자원개발 컨소시엄 훈련인프라 사업의 심사 및 성과지표를 개발하는 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 심사 및 성과평가 틀을 구안하고, 영역 및 지표를 타당화하였으며, 가중치 및 우선순위를 선정하였다. NHRD 분야의 학계전문가 및 현업전문가 13명을 대상으로 FGI, 델파이 조사, AHP 등을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 심사는 상황(Context), 투입(Input), 절차(Process) 등 3개 영역에서 8개 항목을 대상으로, 성과평가는 투입(Input), 절차(Process), 산출(Product) 등 3개 영역에서 9개 항목을 대상으로 사정해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 지표의 경우, 델파이 조사를 통한 타당화 절차를 거쳐 심사는 23개 지표, 성과평가는 27개 지표로 구성되는 것이 타당한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한, AHP를 통해 가중치 및 우선순위가 결정되었는데, 심사의 경우 심사 시 운영기관이 제공하는 교육훈련 프로그램의 기획, 설계, 운영, 평가 등과 관련된 절차 및 활동 계획에 대한 평가 비중이 높아야 함을 알 수 있었다. 성과평가 시 서비스 측면(Software) 및 인력 측면(Humanware)의 달성률에 대한 평가 비중이 높아야 함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결론을 바탕으로 향후 컨소시엄 사업은 기존에 활용하던 지표를 본 연구 결과의 지표와 적절히 혼합하여 활용하고, 질적 지표에 대한 평가준거를 개발하는 등의 활동을 전개해야 한다. 또한, HRD 연구자들은 심사 및 성과평가의 일관성을 확보하고자 한 본 연구의 틀을 참고할 수 있으며, 델파이 기법의 의사결정 상의 문제점 및 AHP 기법의 가중치 선정 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 방법을 연구해야 할 것이다.