Adenophorae Radix 뿌리 추출물에 의한 Keratinocyte의 분화 및 피부장벽 기능에 대한 연구

남개원 ( Gaewon Nam ) 대한화장품학회 2017 대한화장품학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Triterpenoid, saponin, 전분 등이 함유되어 있는 것으로 알려진 Adenophorae radix (A. radix)의 뿌리 추출물을 이용하여 각질형성세포의 분화와 피부장벽기능에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. A. radix의 뿌리 추출물은 CV-1 세포를 이용하여 PPARα 발현을 살펴본 결과, Wy-14,643 0.5-1.0 μ M 수준의 발현양을 나타내었다. 인체 각질형성 세포주(HaCaT)와 각질형성세포(nomal human keratinocyte)에 대한 각질형성능(cornified envelop formation, CE)은 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였다. HaCaT 세포에 A. radix의 뿌리 추출물 처리하였을 때, transglutaminase (TGase-1)의 유의적 증가를 보였다. A. radix의 뿌리 추출물을 함유한 간단한 화장품 제형을 약 2주간에 걸쳐 임상시험을 실시한 결과, TEWL의 유의적 감소와 수분량의 증가를 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 하박 내측에서 지질을 추출하여 세라마이드를 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이를 통하여 A. radix의 뿌리 추출물을 건조피부나 아토피 등의 피부질환과 관련된 질환의 예방 및 치료제로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. We have studied on the keratinocytes differentiation and skin barrier function using Adenophorae radix (A. radix) root extract, which was known to contain triterpenoid, saponin and starch. A. radix root extracts showed the PPARα expression level of Wy-14,643 0.5-1.0 μM in CV-1 cells. The cornified envelop formation (CE) of human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and normal human keratinocyte (NHK) showed a statistically significant increased compared to the control. When HaCaT cells were treated with A. radix root extract, transglutaminase (TGase-1) was significantly increased. As a result of clinical study of the simple cosmetic formulation containing A. radix root extract for about 2 weeks, TEWL values were significantly decreased and water contents were increased. The ceramides, which were obtained from the inner forearm, were also significantly increased statistically. We suggest that the A. radix root extract can be used as a preventive and therapeutic agent for skin diseases such as dry skin and atopy.

RAPD분석에 의한 잔대와 더덕의 유연관계 비교 및 감별

이미영,모숙연,김두환,오승은,고병섭 韓國藥用作物學會 2001 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.9 No.3

50여개의 primer를 사용하여 잔대 Adenophora triphylla와 층층잔대 A. radiatifolia Nakai, 그리고 더덕 Codonopsis laceolata Trautv의 지역간, 속간의 차이점과 감별여부를 RAPD법으로 시행한 결과, 잔대와 층층잔대의 차이점은 거의 없었으며, 더덕의 지역차이는 0.889의 유전적거리를 나타내었다. 두 종(種)을 구별할 수 있는 특이 band로는 primer 357, 361, 363, 393 이었으며, 건조약재와 비교하였을 때 재현성이 확인되었고, 또한 잔대와 더덕의 건조약재를 각각 혼합시켰을 때 이를 구별할 수 있는 major band가 뚜렷이 나타나 혼용되어있는 건조약재에서의 감별이 가능함을 알 수 있었다.. Dried parts of the two species are difficult to distinguish morphologically, thus Codonopsis radix has been sold instead of Adenophorae radix in herbal medicine market. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop the genetic marker through the examination of the phylogenetic relationships between two Adenophora triphylla(Thunb.) A. DC. var. japonica Hara, two Adenophora radiatifolia Nakai, five Codonopsis lanceolata(Sieb. et Zucc)Trautv. using RAPD analysis. Fifty decarmer oligonucleotide primers were screened for the RAPD analysis, and four primers generated distinct RAPD markers specific to Adenophorae radix and Codonopsis radix. Based on the RAPD patterns, the genetic relationships between three herbal medicine were analyzed by UPGMA method. As a result, Adenophorae radix and Codonopsis radix were classified into two major subgroups on the basis of the genetic similarity coefficient. The specific RAPD patterns generated by the selected primers were reproducible from dried materials. Furthermore, the specific RAPD patterns were produced from the mixture of dried roots of A. triphylla and C. lanceolata. These results prone the usefulness of the RAPD analysis for the discrimination of pure materials from the mixtures of A. triphylla and C. lanceolata.

크로마토그래프법을 이용한 사삼(沙蔘) 및 유사생약의 패턴분석 비교 연구

강종성,김경태,이은실,이영근,이영종,황귀서 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2013 藥學論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Adenophora Radix is the dried root of Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara or the other crude drugs belong to genus Adenophora. However, other crude drug like Codonopsis lanceolata or C. pilosula were often misused as Adenophora radix. A pattern analysis method to evaluate the Adenophora Radix and similar crude drugs were carried out with the methanol and ethylacetate extract by HPLC and TLC. The components were separated by HPLC on ODS column with gradient elution of solvent A (10% acetonitrile) and B (70% acetonitrile). The multivariate peak data of the chromatograms of extracts of samples were used for hierarchical clustering analysis, principal components analysis and similarity calculation. The similarities like Euclidean distance, cosine and correlation for the methanol extract of A. tetraphylla and A. remitiflora showed good correlation with A. triphylla var. japonica, indicating that the similarity could be used as a chemical taxonomy. The genus Adenophora and genus Codonopsis were well classified by the hierarchical clustering method for the cluster analysis. The developed pattern analysis method was specific and could be readily utilized for comprehensive evaluation of Adenophora Radix.

Medicinal Chemistry : Natural Product Sciences ; Quantitative and Classification Analyses of Lupenone and β-Sitosterol by GC-FID in Adenophora triphylla var: japonica Hara and Codonopsis lanceolata

( Won Il Kim ),( Bing Tian Zhao ),( Je Hyun Lee ),( Dong Ung Lee ),( Young Shik Kim ),( Byung Sun Min ),( Jong Keun Son ),( Mi Hee Woo ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2015 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.25 No.-

A simple GC method with a FID detector was developed in order to determine to determine two main compounds (β-sitosterol and lupenone) for Adenophorac Radix. β-Sitosterol and lupenone were analyzed by the gradient thermal ramping method. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at 108 kPa. The flow rate of gas was 2.0Ml/min:2μL of filered sample was injected at a split ratio of 1:80. This method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy in an Adenophorae Radix extract. The GFC analytical method for classification analysis was performed by repeated analysis of 59 reference samples in order to differentiate between Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and 14 Condonopsis lanceolata. The results indicate that the GC-FID method is suitable and reliable for the quality evaluation of Adenophorae Radix.

Quantitative and Classification Analyses of Lupenone and β-Sitosterol by GC-FID in Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and Codonopsis lanceolata

김원일,Bing Tian Zhao,이제현,이동욱,김영식,민병선,손종근,우미희 한국생약학회 2014 Natural Product Sciences Vol.20 No.4

A simple GC method with a FID detector was developed in order to determine two main compounds (b-sitosterol and lupenone) for Adenophorae Radix. b-Sitosterol and lupenone were analyzed by the gradient thermal ramping method. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at 108 kPa. The flow rate of gas was 2.0 mL/min; 2 mL of filtered sample was injected at a split ratio of 1 : 80. This method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. Further, this GC-FID method was applied successfully in order to quantify two compounds in an Adenophorae Radix extract. The GC analytical method for classification analysis was performed by repeated analysis of 59 reference samples in order to differentiate between Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and 14 Codonopsis lanceolata. The results indicate that the GC-FID method is suitable and reliable for the quality evaluation of Adenophorae Radix.

사삼(沙蔘), 양유(羊乳), 제니(薺苨)의 감별기준 연구

박은상 ( Eun-sang Park ),이세리 ( Se-ree Lee ),정종민 ( Jong-min Jeong ),송명규 ( Myeong-gyu Song ),윤지현 ( Jee-hyun Yoon ),주영승 ( Young-sung Ju ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives : This study is aimed at establishing the discriminative criteria for Adenophorae Radix (AT; Sasam), Codonopsis Lanceolatae Radix (CL; Yangyu) and Adenophorae Remotiflori Radix (AR; Jeni). Because of confusable publications and the similitude of herb shape, CL and AR have been used as AT in the markets. Methods : We firstly discriminated and confirmed AT, CL and AR through observing the external morphology of original plants. Then, external-internal morphological features of the medicinal herbs were studied. A stereoscope was used to determine macroscopic features of dried herbal medicines and a microscope was conducted to examine internal features with the samples, which were embedded in paraffin and stained. Results : 1. The original plant of CL was discriminated with the stem shape in comparison with others. AT and AR were classified by the leaf position of original plant. 2. In the macroscopic morphological study of medicinal herbs, CL had lumps, which seem like a wart. Also, AT and AR were different in the density of cross section. 3. In the microscopic morphological study of the medicinal herbs, the phloem, fissures and the arrangement of xylem were selected as discriminative criteria for 3 kinds of herbs. With these contents, we suggested the identification keys, including further details. Conclusions : These results, especially identification keys, will be helpful to distinguish 3 kinds of herbs, referred to as a `Sasam`. Moreover, macroscopic and microscopic methods used in this article would be applicable tools for the discrimination of other herbs.

산화동물 모델 흰쥐 간세포에 대한 사삼(沙蔘), 양유근(羊乳根) 및 해방풍(海防風)의 항산화 효과 연구

민상홍 ( Sang Hong Min ),한효상 ( Hyo Sang Han ),이영종 ( Young Jong Lee ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: The present study was purposed to compare Adenophorae Radix (henceforth AR), Codonopsis lanceolatae Radix (henceforth ClR) and Glehniae Radix cum Rhizoma (henceforth GRcR) concerning their anti-oxidant effect. Methods: We measured eythrocyte, leukocyte, thrombocyte, serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL cholesterol, and glucose as well as SOD, GSH, catalase, NO, and MDA in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. Results: 1. The oxidative stress-induced thrombocyte levels were significantly decreased in CIR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 2. The oxidative stress-impaired SOD acitivities were significantly recovered in AR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 3. The oxidative stress-reduced GSH contents were significantly increased in ClR-treated and GRcR-treated groups. 4. The oxidative stress-reduced catalase contents were significantly increased in all of the three groups. 5. The oxidative stress-induced NO productions were significantly decreased in all of the three groups. Conclusions: AR, ClR, and GRcR altogether showed the anti-oxidant effect in the rat liver oxidatively stressed by AAPH. The anti-oxidant properties of tAR, ClR, and GRcR seem to be similar even if those have different botanical properties and different medical efficacies in oriental medicine.

사삼 물 추출액의 멜라닌 형성 억제 효과

강현정,임홍진,박민철,임규상,김남권,Kang Hyun-sung,Lim Hong-jin,Park Min-chul,Lim Kyu-sang,Kim Nam-kwen 大韓外官科學會 2004 大韓外官科學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

Recently many efforts were focused to understanding the mechanical insights of melanogenesis to develop the agents for hyper-pigmentation and hypo-pigmentation. In the melanin biosynthetic pathway, tyrosinase is the rate limiting enzyme, and ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) or cAMP-elevating agents stimulate melanogenesis and enhance the melanin synthesis and the tyrosinase activity. The author has analyzed the effects of Radix Trichosanthis on the basal Melanogenic activities of Bl6/F10 mouse melanoma cells, and on the ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin-induced melanogenesis. Radix Trichosanthis alone markedly suppressed melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also suppressed the increase of ${\alpha}$-MSH(10 nM) or forskolin(20 ${\mu}$M)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity. The decrease in the tyrosinase activity was paralled by a decrease in the abundance of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. Pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis also inhibited the increase of forskolin(20 ${\mu}$M) induced the amount of tyrosinase protein and tyrosinase promoter activity. The results of DOPA staining revealed that pretreatment of the cells with Radix Trichosanthis showed less intensity than B16 melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-MSH or forskolin. These results suggest that Radix Trichosanthis inhibits melanogenesis and abrogates ${\alpha}$-MSH and cAMP-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells.

C57BL/6 Mouse모델의 사삼추출물에 대한 모낭변화와 멜라닌합성

이유주,최금주 한국뷰티경영학회 2013 한국뷰티경영학회지 Vol.1 No.1

This research has been conducted to explore the effect of Adenophora Radix, as a natural substance, on hair growth and to provide basic data on the development potential of Adenophora Radix as a cosmetic product for preventing hair loss. Accordingly a hair growth efficiency test and a clinical test on application to human skin were carried out through a mouse model. In relation to the hair growth efficiency test which was carried out through the mouse model, 6 weeks old C57BL/6 male mice were used as the test animal and a powder obtained from enrichment and lyophilization of a filtrate of adenophora triphylla var. japonica soaked in 70% ethanol liquid was used for the Adenophora Radix sample. As test substances, AR-1(1% Adenophora Radix extract), AR-2(5% Adenophora Radix extract), ethanol and PBS were used. Observations were carried out change on fractography of hair follicle, degree of melanin pigmentation. As a result of microscopic examination on test animal groups, the highest number of follicles and hair shaft in the follicles were shown in the group which AR-2 was applied. Higher number of follicles were shown in the following order AR-2>AR-1>ET>PBS. In relation to the degree of melanin pigmentation of skin, an observation was carried out on the 1st, 5th and 9th day and the value obtained on the 9th day was 267.15(±15.03), 320.45(±75.53), 320.45(±41.94), 193.10(±22.61) respectively according to each test group(p<0.05). C57BL/6 shows that melanocyte only exists restrictively in follicles and allows to determine the growth period of hair by skin colour since melanin synthesis confirms well with the hair growth period and shows a dark grey color during the growth period.

비만 및 과체중 환자에 대한 사삼추출물의 유효성 및 안전성 평가

김기태 ( Gi Tae Kim ),고흥 ( Heung Go ),신선미 ( Seon Mi Shin ),김형준 ( Hyung Jun Kim ) 대한한방부인과학회 2012 大韓韓方婦人科學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and biosafety of Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract in obesity or overweight patient. Methods: This study is double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled intervention Study. 30 patients with BMI 25≤ and 30> were allotted into two groups at random. In 0, 6th, 12th week, we had checked body weight, waist line, hip line, body fat and abdominal CT scan. In 0, 12th week, we also had checked lipid metabolism and biosafety with blood test. Results: AR treatment had a significant effect on suppressing body wight gain (p<0.01) and BMI index(p<0.01). AR treatment reduced plasma TG level but we couldn`t find statistical significance. AR treatment had produced no adverse reactions. Conclusions: This study shows that Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract can reduce the weight, BMI. Adenophorae Radix(AR) extract can be used in obesity or overweight patient.