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응급센터내에서의 Do-Not-Resuscitate Order
김영식,황성오,이부수,안무업,임경수,강성준 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Do-not-resuscitate(DNR) decision in certain patients is a important part of patient management. The use of DNR order has been widely recognized in hospitalized patients, but there has been little discussion of the use of DNR order in emergency department. DNR decision in emergency department is difficult because there is no previous contact between physician and patient. To identify the medical reasons of the DNR decision and the process of the DNR in the emergency department, 293 DNR patients in emergency department during 1 year and 36 physicians having experienced DNR decision were studied. Reasons for DNR are irreversible states from brain damage or acute illness(63%), chronic irreversible illness(15%), prolonged cardiac arrest over 30 minutes(16%), physical injuries including decapitation(1%) and family's hope(5%). Almost DNR(72%) were decided by physicians. 72% of DNR decision were not documented. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted before DNR decision in 38% of the patients and 17% of CPR attempts were unnecessary. Almost physician(88%) replied that physician should discuss resuscitation with family and process of DNR decision should be documented.
김영수,박진식,장성호,장부규,서정민,김장호 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the performance enhancement of forced oxidation operation on the limestone utilization and SO₂ removal efficiency of the pilot flue gas desulfurization system. The results are as follows : 1. The results of the forced oxidation tests have shown that converting from natural to forced oxidation operation can have a significant effect on both limestone utilization and SO₂ removal efficiency of an FGD system. Conversely, if the limestone utilization is maintained at a constant level, the SO₂ removal efficiency will increase. Conversely, if the pH is held constant, the limestone utilization will increase significantly. 2. This characteristic of a forced oxidation system can translate into lower L/G requirements and, therefore, reduced capital and operating costs for slurry recycle pumps. 3. Forced oxidation operation will provide improved limestone utilization and, therefore. reduced limestone reagent costs.
Pseudomonas sp. TPP 63을 이용한 PVA 폐수의 생물학적처리에 관한 연구
김영식,조상원,오광중,임주원 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1994 環境硏究報 Vol.12 No.-
The purpose of this study is increasing the microbiological treatment efficiency of PVA wastewater using selected bacteria. The bacteria which showed high decomposition rate of PVA was separated as TPP 63 bacteria decomposing PVA of 91.3% when the bacteria have cultured at 0.5% PVA minimum culture medium for 5 days. This bacteria was identified as Pseudomonas putida. It showed a maximum decomposition rate of PVA at culture temperature of 37℃ and pH 7.5-7.8. In case 0.2% PVA wastewater was treated with this culture of 3500 mg/L MLSS, the efficiency was improved with increasing HRT. At HRT of 5 days and 0.4% PVA concentration, the treatment efficiency was dropped down more seriously when the culture medium was not supplied.
金奎植,柳根玉,韓永昌,朴在仁 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2000 農業科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-
To maximize genetic gains and to establish an effective and long term breeding strategy for Pinus densiflora through estimation of genetic parameters, such as heritability and expected genetic gains, a progeny test was carried out. The open-pollinated seeds were collected from 49 selected plus trees of Pinus densiflora S. et Z. in the fall of 1984 and outplanted at four localities, Kongju, Wanju, Naju and Kyoungju. Measurements were taken at the 8-year old seedling stage and the obtained results from this test were summarized as follows; Significant differences among families were observed in both height and diameter at root collar. Individual heritability estimated for height and diameter at root collar was 0.126 and 0.082, respectively while family heritability estimated 0.531 and 0.473. Considering 20% of selection intensity with combined selection method, the improved genetic gains for each characters were estimated as 9.5% for height growth and 8.3 percents for diameter at root collar.
CoNbZr/Cu/CoNbZr 다층박막의 습식 식각 거동에 관한 연구
윤재홍,김현식,송재성,이영생,민복기 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-
We manufactured CNZ/Cu/CNZ multi-layers by sputtering methode and formed pattern on the deposited multi-layers. In this study, we fabricated new etchant for the etching to formed pattern by the wet chemical etchant. it was searching for the best condition of etchant. Cu was etched selectively independence in the concentration of basic solution but amorphous CNZ thin film did not. The etchant was achieved by basic solution(17.5 mol%) and HF(20mol%) mixing, which etched CNZ/Cu/CNZ multi-layers in the same. Also, the etchant etched CNZ/Cu/CNZ multi-layers by the three-step. It was shown that the etched cross-section have isotropic structure and excellent etching characteristics.
Butt 용접재의 피로균열성장거동 및 ΔK_th 결정에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 피로균열성장거동 Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour
최용식,김영진,우흥식 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2
Threshold stress intensity factor range (ΔK_th) and fatigue crack growth behaviour were investigated for transverse submerged butt-welded joints of SM 50A steel with compact-tension type specimens. It was found in every case that welding induced stresses in center portion of specimen and compressive residual stresses near the edges. The fatigue crack grew in the field of compressive residual stresses. Additional effect of postweld heat treatment was examined. As a result, the fatigue crack growth rates of the weld metal and the HAZ metal in the state as weld were slower than those of the base metal. The ΔK_th value of the weld metal is smaller than those of both the base metal and the HAZ metal in the state of as weld. And the ΔK_th value of the HAZ metal is the largest among those of them. In the state of PWHT, the fatigue crack growth rates of the weld, HAZ metal were similar to those of the base metal and the threshold stress intensity factor range (ΔK_th) of the weld metal is similar to the value of the base metal.
CFRP 복합적층판의 적층배향·계면수에 따른 저속충격특성
임광희,박노식,나승우,김영남,이현,심재기,양인영 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.6
In this paper, this study aims at the evaluation on the characteristics of CFRP laminate plates using a falling weight impact tester. The experiment was conducted on several laminates of different orientation. A system was built for measuring the impact strength of CFRP laminates in consideration of stress wave propagation theory using a falling weight impact tester. Delamination areas of impacted specimens for the different ply orientation were measured with ultrasonic C-scanner to find correlation between impact energy and delamination area. Absorbed energy of quasi-isotropic specimen having four interfaces was higher than that of orthotropic laminates with two interfaces. The more interfaces, the greater the energy absorbed. The absorbed energy of a hybrid specimen containing a GFRP layer was higher than that of normal specimens.
Kim, Young-Sick,Chang, Hyun-Kyung,Lee, Jin-Woo,Sung, Yun-Hee,Kim, Sung-Eun,Shin, Mal-Soon,Yi, Jae-Woo,Park, Je-Hoon,Kim, Hong,Kim, Chang-Ju The Japanese Pharmacological Society 2009 JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.109 No.1
<P>Gabapentin was developed as an anticonvulsant, but has also been used to alleviate hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. In this study, the protective effect of gabapentin against <I>N</I>-methyl-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in rat hippocampal CA1 neurons was investigated. Pre-treatment with gabapentin reduced the degree of neuronal damage induced by NMDA exposure in cultured hippocampal slices. Patch-clamp studies revealed that gabapentin significantly inhibited the NMDA receptor–activated ion current in dissociated hippocampal CA1 neurons, resulting in suppression of glutamate-induced neuronal injury. These results show that gabapentin may exert protective effects against glutamate-induced neuronal injury at least in part by inhibiting the NMDA receptor–activated ion current.</P>
Kim, Su-Mi,Lee, Sam-Jun,Kim, Hong,Baek, Seung-Soo,Sung, Yun-Hee,Lee, Jin-Woo,Kim, Young-Sick,Kim, Sung-Eun,Shin, Mal-Soon,Kim, Chang-Ju,Lee, Choong-Yeol The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2007 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.21 No.5
The expressions of c-Fos and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) represent neuronal activity and play' a crucial role in the shaping of the development of brain. During the late pregnancy, stresses may influence neuronal activity of prenatal rats. In the present study, the effects of prenatal noise and music on the expressions of c-Fos and NOS in the hippocampus of rat pups were investigated. Exposure to the noise during pregnancy decreased c-Fos and NOS expressions in the hippocampus of rat pups, whereas exposure to music during pregnancy increased c-Fos and NOS expressions in the hippocampus of rat pups. The present results show that prenatal music stimulation may increase neuronal activity of rat offspring, whereas exposure to noise during pregnancy may reduce the neuronal activity of offspring. The present study suggests that prenatal stimuli including noise and music could affect the fetal brain development.