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조경원,한유경,서경혜,조정아,이지은 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2006 교육과학연구 Vol.37 No.1
21세기 지식정보화 사회는 전통적인 학교교육의 변혁을 요구한다. 이에 학교교육 개혁을 성공적으로 이끌어 나아갈 수 있는 교원의 리더십 특히 학교행정가의 리더십이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 그렇다면 지식정보화 사회에서 요구되는 학교행정가의 리더십이란 무엇이며 어떤 역량을 포함하는가? 본 연구는 학교행정가의 리더십과 핵심역량에 대한 선행연구가 학교 현장과는 유리된 채 이론적, 당위적 수준에 그치고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발하여 학교행정가의 리더십을 구성하는 핵심역량이 무엇인가에 대한 교사, 교감, 교장, 행정실장 및 서무부장의 인식을 파악하고 이들 집단의 인식을 비교 분석하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 우선 문헌연구를 통해 리더십에 대한 관점과 개념의 변화를 고찰하였고 변혁적 리더십 관점에 기초하여 학교행정가가 갖추어야 할 핵심역량으로 교육적 리더십, 학교 계획 및 조직, 학교교육과정 편성 및 운영, 학교운영, 인적자원 개발, 학교재정 관리, 교육법 이해 및 집행, 학교교육정책 이해, 학교·학부모 및 지역사회 협력, 정보통신기술 활용과 같은 열 가지 역량을 도출하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 도출된 핵심역량에 대한 학교 현장의 관점을 알아보기 위해 초·중·고등학교 교직원을 대상으로 10대 핵심역량의 중요도와 현재 실행정도에 대해 설문조사를 수행하였다. 설문조사에는 144개 학교의 교직원 1,136명이 참여하였다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perspectives of teachers, vice-principals, and school staff on school administrators' leadership and core abilities. For this purpose, first, we examined the perspectives and concepts of school administrator's leadership and identified 10 core abilities that constitute the school administrator's leadership. Second, we developed a questionnaire to investigate the perspectives of teachers, vice-principals, and school staff on to what extent the 10 core abilities are important and whether their school administrators actually exert these 10 core abilities. Finally, we conducted a survey research, including teachers, vice-principals, and school staff with various years of experiences in elementary and secondary schools in Korea. The findings show that teachers, vice-principals, principals, and school staff consider the 10 core abilities very important for school administrators. However, they perceive that school administrators, in reality, do not exert the 10 core abilities as much as they think these abilities are important. In particular, teachers rated school administrators' leadership relatively low compared to principals, vice-principals, and school staff. The difference between their perception on the importance and exertion of 10 core abilities indicates the need for programs that promote the development of 10 core abilities for school administrators and consequently support the development of school administrator's leadership.
2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가
장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2
In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.
You-Kyoung Han,Chang-Gi Back,Walftor bin Dumin,Jong-Han Park,Yeoung-Seuk Bae 한국농약과학회 2021 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11
Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum and crown and foot rot caused by F. solani can result in serious economic losses on several cucurbitaceous crops, such as watermelon and cucumber in Korea. These diseases associated with soil-borne pathogens mainly induce wilting symptoms. They are extremely difficult to control and there are few effective management strategies to reduce damages. Information related to control efficacy of antifungal agents against Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on inducing wilting symptoms on cucurbits is insufficient. In this study, 108 fungicides registered for controlling fungal disease occurring on watermelon and cucumber were tested to evaluate growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani on potato dextrose agar medium. Two fungicides, cabendazim + kasukamycin and prochloraz manganese, forming large growth inhibition zone on medium showed against the two species of Fusarium. In the case of seedlings, the same results as mycelium inhibition test was shown. In further study, experimental trials will be carried out to investigate control efficacy of the promising fungicides against Fusarium wilt and crown and foot rot diseases on watermelon and cucumber in field conditions.
A novel F-box protein involved in sexual development and pathogenesis in <i>Gibberella zeae</i>
Han, You-Kyoung,Kim, Myoung-Dong,Lee, Seung-Ho,Yun, Sung-Hwan,Lee, Yin-Won Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Molecular microbiology Vol.63 No.3
<P>Summary</P><P><I>Gibberella zeae</I> is an ascomyceteous fungus that causes serious diseases in cereal crops. Severe epidemics require strains that are virulent and that can reproduce sexually. We characterized an insertional mutant (designated ZH436) with a pleiotropic defect in both traits, and identified a novel F-box protein gene encoding FBP1 (<U>F</U><I>-</I><U>b</U>ox <U>p</U>rotein <U>1</U>) that is similar to fungal F-box proteins including <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> Grr1, a well-characterized component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCF<SUP>Grr1</SUP>) E3 ligase complex required for protein degradation. FBP1 also can bind both <I>S. cerevisiae</I> Skp1 protein, the other component of the SCF<SUP>Grr1</SUP> complex, and its <I>G. zeae</I> sequence homologue SKP1. Two putative protein interacting domains in FBP1 are essential for <I>in vivo</I> function. <I>FBP1</I> and <I>ScGRR1</I> are not so interchangeable between <I>S. cerevisiae</I> and <I>G. zeae</I>, but <I>FBP1</I> can partially complement several defects of a yeast <I>grr1</I> deletion mutant. Functional analyses confirmed that <I>FBP1</I> is required for several phenotypes including both sexual development and virulence in <I>G. zeae</I>; the phenotype of &Dgr;<I>FBP1</I> strains is different from those of null mutants for F-box proteins in other filamentous fungi as well as from <I>S. cerevisiae grr1</I>&Dgr; strains. Thus, FBP1 is a versatile F-box protein that presumably participates in the formation of the SCF<SUP>FBP1</SUP> complex that probably controls the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins involved in sexual reproduction and virulence important for disease development by <I>G. zeae</I>.</P>