미세아교세포의 염증반응에 미치는 청뇌명신환의 영향

임용균 ( Yong Gyun Im ),최영현 ( Yung Hyun Choi ),황원덕 ( Won Deok Hwang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2014 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives: Activated microglia cells play an important role in inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS) which are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. We attempted to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Cheongnoimyungshin-hwan (CNMSH) in microglia cells. Methods: We examined the effect of CNMSH on the inflammatory responses in BV2 microglia cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored the mechanism underlying the action of CNMSH. Results: BV2 cells treated with LPS showed an up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin PGE2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1b (IL-1b) release, whereas CNMSH suppressed this up-regulation. CNMSH inhibited the induction of COX-2, iNOS and IL-1b proteins in LPS-treated BV2 cells and blocked the LPS-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB). Furthermore, CNMSH attenuated the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), as well as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, but did not inhibit the LPS-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun amino terminal kinase. Conclusions: These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of CNMSH on the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in BV2 cells is associated with the suppression of the NF-kB and PI3KAkt signaling pathways.

Hybrid crystalline-ITO/metal nanowire mesh transparent electrodes and their application for highly flexible perovskite solar cells

Im, Hyeon-Gyun,Jeong, Seonju,Jin, Jungho,Lee, Jaemin,Youn, Doo-Young,Koo, Won-Tae,Kang, Sin-Bi,Kim, Hyo-Joong,Jang, Junho,Lee, Daewon,Kim, Han-Ki,Kim, Il-Doo,Lee, Jung-Yong,Bae, Byeong-Soo Nature Publishing Group 2016 NPG Asia Materials Vol.8 No.-

<P>Here, we propose crystalline indium tin oxide/metal nanowire composite electrode (c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer) films as a robust platform for flexible optoelectronic devices. A very thin c-ITO overcoating layer was introduced to the surface-embedded metal nanowire (NW) network. The c-ITO/metal NW-GFRHybrimer films exhibited outstanding mechanical flexibility, excellent optoelectrical properties and thermal/chemical robustness. Highly flexible and efficient metal halide perovskite solar cells were fabricated on the films. The devices on the c-ITO/AgNW- and c-ITO/CuNW-GFRHybrimer films exhibited power conversion efficiency values of 14.15% and 12.95%, respectively. A synergetic combination of the thin c-ITO layer and the metal NW mesh transparent conducting electrode will be beneficial for use in flexible optoelectronic applications.</P>

Dichotomous Morphological and Molecular Characters Between Ephemera orientalis and E. sachalinensis

Im Jae-Seong,Lee Sun-Young,Bae Yeon-Jae,Kim Yong-Gyun 한국응용곤충학회 2002 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.1

B-Cell Translocation Gene 2 Regulates Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis via Induction of Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 in Diabetic Mouse Model

Kim, Yong Deuk,Kim, Sun-Gyun,Hwang, Seung-Lark,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Bae, Jae-Hoon,Song, Dae-Kyu,Im, Seung-Soon American Diabetes Association 2014 Diabetes Vol.63 No.6

<P>B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a member of an emerging gene family that is involved in cellular functions. In this study, we demonstrate that BTG2 regulates glucose homeostasis via upregulation of Nur77 in diabetic mice. Hepatic BTG2 gene expression was elevated by fasting and forskolin. Overexpression of <I>Btg2</I> increased the expression of hepatic gluconeogenic genes and blood glucose output and subsequently impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. Upregulation of the transcriptional activity of <I>Nur77</I>, gluconeogenic genes, and glucose production by forskolin was observed by <I>Btg2</I> transduction, but not in <I>Btg2</I> knockdown. BTG2-stimulated glucose production and glucose-6-phosphatase promoter activity were attenuated by dominant-negative <I>Nur77</I>. Coimmunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that BTG2 induced Nur77 occupancy on the glucose-6-phosphatase promoter via a physical interaction. <I>Btg2</I> gene expression was increased in streptozotocin-treated and <I>db/db</I> mice. Finally, impairment of glucose homeostasis, such as the increase of blood glucose, glucose intolerance, and insulin intolerance, was elevated in diabetic mice, whereas this phenomenon was abolished in knockdown of <I>Btg2</I>. Together, these data suggest that BTG2 participates in the regulation of hepatic glucose homeostasis, which means that BTG2 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for combating metabolic dysfunction.</P>

LMF로 수정된 웹 프락시 캐쉬용 LRU 페이지 교체 정책

이용임(Yong Im Lee),김주균(Ju Gyun Kim) 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.30 No.7·8

웹 사용자들의 QoS를 위해 채택되는 프락시 캐쉬의 관리 정책은 크게 페이지 교체와 일관성 유지 정책으로 볼 수 있다. 현재까지 이 두 가지의 연구는 서로간의 관련 유무를 떠나 독립적으로 진행되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 LRU 페이지 교체 방식에 일관성 유지 정책에서 사용하는 최종 수정 인수의 특성을 도입함으로써 두 정책간의 상호 보완으로 프락시 캐쉬의 효율적 운영이 가능함을 보였다. 프락시 캐쉬의 관리를 위해 다양한 정책이 논의되고 있는 시점에서 이러한 시도는 캐쉬의 히트율 증가와 서버로의 전송 부하 감소 등과 같은 성능 향상을 위한 의미 있는 방법이 될 수 있을 것이다. Management policies of Web Proxy Cache, for the QoS of Web users, are mainly focused on the page replacement and the data consistency policy. But the two subjects have been studied independently to each other regardless of its possibility of cooperation. In this paper, we introduce the performance improvement obtained byadapting the characteristic of LMF used in data consistency policy to LRU, thus taking the better performance synergy as a result of complementary cooperation. Various policies for the management of Web Proxy Cache are in progress, this study can be a way of performance guide to increase cache hit ratio and reduce the transmission overhead of Web Server.

황금(黃芩) 에탄올 추출물에 의한 인체 신세포암 Caki-1 세포의 자가세포사멸 유도

황원덕,Yong-Gyun Im,손병일,박철,박동일,최영현 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Scutellaria baicalensis, belonging to the family Labiatae, is widely distributed in Korea, China, Mongolia, and eastern Siberia. It has been used in traditional medicine for various diseases, such as dysentery, pyrexia, jaundice, and carbuncles. In addition, S. baicalensis is reported to possess various beneficial pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antihypertension, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the proapoptotic effects of ethanol extract of S. baicalensis (EESB) on human renal cell carcinoma Caki-1 cells. The anti-proliferative activity of EESB was associated with apoptosis induction, which was associated with the up-regulation of death receptor 4, the Fas ligand, and Bax and the down-regulation of Bid, XIAP, and cIAP-1 proteins. EESB treatment also induced mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, β-catenin, and phospholipase C-γ1. However, pretreatment of a pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, significantly attenuated the EESB-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings suggest that EESB may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds that confer the anticancer activity of S. baicalensis. 꿀풀과(Labiatae)에 속하는 황금(黃芩, S. baicalensis)은 한국, 중국, 몽골 및 시베리아 동부 등지에 분포하는 여러해살이 초본식물로서 예로부터 민간처방 약재로 사용되었으며, 한방에서는 뿌리 말린 것을 이질, 발열 및 황달의 치료제로 사용되고 있다. 또한 최근 연구에 따르면 황금 추출물은 항염증, 항당뇨, 항균, 항알레르기, 항바이러스, 항고혈압, 항산화 및 항암 효능을 가지는 것으로 알려져 있으나 신세포암에서의 항암효능 및 분자생물학적 기전에 대해서는 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 인체 신세포암 Caki-1 세포에서 황금 에탄올 추출물(ethanol extract of S. baicalensis, EESB)이 유발하는 항암효과 및 항암기전을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 EESB 처리에 의한 Caki-1 세포의 증식억제는 apoptosis 유발과 밀접한 연관이 있었으며, 이는 DR4 Fas ligand 및 Bax 단백질의 발현 증가와 Bid, XIAP 및 cIAP-1의 발현 억제와 관련이 있었다. EESB는 또한 미토콘드리아의 기능 손상과 caspase-3의 기질단백질인 PARP, β-catenin 및 PLCγ-1 단백질의 단편화를 유발하였다. 그러나 EESB 처리에 의하여 유발되었던 apoptosis가 pan-caspases inhibitor인 z-VED-fmk를 이용하여 caspases의 활성을 억제하였을 경우 현저하게 감소되어, EESB에 의한 apoptosis 과정에 caspase의 활성 증대가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 황금의 항암작용을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이고 나아가 향후 수행될 추가 실험을 위한 기초 자료로서 그 가치가 매우 높을 것으로 생각된다.

간질성 방광염의 사암침법(舍巖鍼法) 자침 1례

임용균,황원덕,Im, Yong-Gyun,Hwang, Won-Deuk 대한침구의학회 2012 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of $Sa-am$ acupuncture treatment on an interstitial cystitis patient. Methods : A 51 year-old woman who diagnosed as interstitial cystitis, was enrolled in this study. The clinical data was analyzed on a patient with interstitial cystitis due to $Shinheo$(腎虛). The patient had visited Korean medicine department of Yangsan public health care center, and was treated with a $Sa-am$ acupuncture($Sinjeongkyeok$) for 4 weeks. Results : After 4 weeks of $Sa-am$ acupunture treatment($Sinjeongkyeok$), improvement was seen in the subsection of the international prostate symptom score and the part of qualiveen questionnaire score. Conclusions : This clinical case indicates that acupuncture treatment is significantly effective in treatment of a interstitial cystitis.

운전 시뮬레이터를 통한 과속운전 행동예측

신용균(Sin, Yong-Gyun),류준범(Ryu, Jun-Beom),임평남(Im, Pyeong-Nam),강수철(Gang, Su-Cheol) 대한교통학회 2006 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.51 No.-

운전자의 과속운전 행동에 관한 여러 연구들에서 다룬 대표적인 심리적 변인들로는 Ajzen(1985)이 제안한 계획된 행동이론(Theory of Planned Behavior; 이하 TPB) 변인들(즉, 행동에 대한 태도, 주관적 규범 및 행동통제력 지각)은 과속운전 의도의 주된 결정요인으로 여러 경험적 연구에서 지지되어 왔을 뿐만 아니라 과속운전 의도 또한 과속운전 행동을 결정짓는 주요한 예측변인으로 밝혀졌다(예를 들면, 한인순, 한덕웅 2001; Elliott, Armitage, & Baughan, 2003; Elliott, Armatage, & Baughan, 2005). 그러나 일부 연구들(예를 들면, Haglund & Aberg, 2000)을 제외하고는 경험적 연구들 대부분이 조사방법을 사용하여 과속운전 행동에 대한 운전자의 주관적인 자기보고를 측정하였을 뿐만 아니라 조사의 용이성을 위하여 전향적인 방법보다는 회고적 방법을 이용하여 연구하였다. 그러나 이러한 연구방법은 크게 두 가지 문제점을 갖는 것으로 판단된다. 첫째, Vogel과 Rothengatter(1984)의 연구에서는 자기보고된 속도와 기록된 속도간에 r=.56의 상관을 갖는다고 보고되었으나(Haglund & Aberg, 2000에서 재인용), 주관적 자기보고(즉 과속의도)와 실제 운전행동(즉 과속행동) 측정치와의 관련성이 충분히 연구되어 있지 않았을 뿐만 아니라(Parker & Manstead, 1996), 측정 장소에 따라 상관계수의 차이가 크게 나타났다(Fildes, Rumbold, & Leening, 1991; Haglund & Aberg, 2000에서 재인용). 가령, Fildes 등(1991)의 연구에서 도시 지역과 교외 지역에서의 자기보고된 속도와 실제 측정된 속도와의 상관이 각각 .12와 .52로 측정 장소에 따라 차이가 큰 것을 들 수 있다. 둘째, 과속의도와 과속행동 간의 인과관계를 명확히 밝히기 어렵다. 물론 전향적인 조사방법을 사용하여 과속운전 의도가 미래의 과속운전 행동으로 연결되는지를 조사하여 볼 수는 있겠으나 주관적인 자기보고가 실제 운전행동과 동일한 준거변인으로 적절한지에 관한 의문은 여전히 남는다.

후두 및 하인두암에서 표피성장인자 수용체(EGFR)의 발현에 관한 연구

도남용,노용훈,임태승,박영균,나한조,최봉남,전호종 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1996 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.21 No.2

The prognostic significance of the squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and the hypopharynx have been evaluated to identify those features associated with aggressive biologic behavior according to the immunologic and histologic characteristics. For determining prognostic indicators, the authors performed immunohistochemical staining of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) in 32 cases of squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx and the hypopharynx. The results were obtained as follows '. 1) The positive rate of EGFR expression was 96.6% and rate of EGFR overexpression was 50%. 2) There was no significant statistical correlation between EGFR expression and clinicopahtological parameters such as primary sites of tumor, primary tumor stage, nodal stage, distant metastasis, clinical staging and histopathological grade.

Retrospective Analysis on 76 Cases of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations Treated by Gamma Knife Radiosurgery

Choe, Jae-Gyun,Im, Yong-Seok,Kim, Jong-Soo,Hong, Seung-Chyul,Shin, Hyung-Jin,Lee, Jung-Il The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2008 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.43 No.6

Objective : Outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the consecutive 100 cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was analyzed. Methods : Data from initial 100 patients treated with GKS in the authors' institute were reviewed retrospectively. Spetzler-Martin grade at diagnosis were I in 18 patients, II in 27, III in 36, IV in 11, and V in 8. Thirty-five patients had experienced previous bleeding, 27 patients presented with seizure, and 31 patients presented with headache. The mean volume of the lesion was $4.3\;cm^3\;(0.1-29.3\;cm^3)$. The median radiation dose delivered to the margin was 20.0Gy (13-32Gy). Mean follow-up period was 37.5 months (5-63 months). Results : Angiographic follow-up was performed in 48 patients at least 2 years after GKS. Sixteen patients were lost in follow up following 2 years from GKS. Twenty-eight of 48 patients (58%) showed complete obliteration and 20 patients (42%) showed partial obliteration. Seven patients presented with post-GKS hemorrhage. Adverse radiation effect (ARE) was observed at follow-up MRI in 25 of 76 patients, and it was symptomatic in 5 patients. Complete obliteration was confirmed in 24 of 31 (77%) patients with volume less than $4\;cm^3$, meanwhile only 4 of 17 (24%) patients with volume of $4\;cm^3$ or more showed complete obliteration. Complete obliteration rate was 67% with 20Gy or higher marginal dose, 63% with 15-20 Gy, and 17% with less than 15Gy. Conclusion : GKS can provide high rates of obliteration with acceptable risk of morbidity in a subgroup of small AVMs. However, overall outcome in whole spectrum of AVMs, in which large proportion of cases have unfavorable characteristics for radiosurgery, is much worse. More effective therapeutic strategy needs to be developed for large AVMs that are difficult to be managed with current available treatment modalities.