유럽단일시장의 형성과 공동사회정책의 가능성 연구

심상필,조홍식 서울대학교 국제지역원 1996 국제지역연구 Vol.5 No.2

유럽통합에 관한 학문적 논의에 있어 사회적 차원만큼 논쟁의 대상이 되는 부분도 드물다. 일부에서는 현재까지 진행되어온 사회적 차원의 발전을 주목하면서 앞으로도 이 분야의 통합이 순조롭게 진행되어 공동사회정책의 단계에 도달할 것이라고 평가한다. 그러나 다른 학자들은 유럽통합이 경제적인 단일시장의 형성을 주요 목료로 하고 있기 때문에 사회적이 ㄴ차원은 단지 경제통합을 동반하거나 정당화하는 부속물일 뿐이라는 시각을 보이고 있다. 이 논문은 1) 규범적 차원에서 각종 규칙의 생산과 2) 이들이 실질적으로 적용되는 과정까지를 포함하는 포괄적 의미의 정책을 구분함으로써 사회적 차원에 대한 다양하고 상반된 평가가 주는 혼동에서 탈피해 보려는 시도이다. 역사적으로 볼 때 사회적 차원은 1950년대의 로마조약에서 시작하여 특히 1970년대의 행동계획과 1989년의 사회헌장이 채택될 때까지 지속적으로 강화되어 왔다. 최근에 체결된 마스트리히트 조약은 이같이 생산된 규범적 사회정책을 실천하는데 필수적인 정책수단을 제공함으로써 유럽공동사회정책의 생성을 위한 기초를 마련해 주었다. 결국 유럽 특유의 사회경제모델에 바탕한 공동사회정책의 실현 가능성은 무엇보다 주요 회원국들의 집권세력분포와 성향에 좌우될 것이다. In the current academic debate on European integration, the social dimension represents one of the most controversial issues. In an incrementalist and somewhat optimistic perspective, many studies consider that european integration process has been covering various dimensions, from the formation of the customs union to the production of common policies, including the social dimension. ON the other hand, in a critical perspective, pessimists point out the fact that the integration process was mainly oriented to economic community building, avoiding any consideration of the social dimension. This article aims to clarify the confusion induced by the differences of view and introduces the distinction between the production of social norms and rules in the integration process and their implementation at both the European and national level. Historically, the social dimension has been present since the Rome Treaty of 1950's and reinforced since then, especially by the action plan of the 1970's the Social Charter of 1989. The Maastricht Treaty gave the European Union policy instruments necessary for the effective implementation and harmonization of social norms, opening the way to the emergence of the european common social policy. The contingency of this policy based upon the specificity of a european socio-economic model fundamentally depends on the distribution and the nature of governing political forces among main member- countries and their interaction in the context of enlargement.

KHFe(CO)_4-HCHO系를 利用한 Nitro 및 Nitroso化合物의 환원 N-메칠화 반응

沈相喆,閔庚隱,嚴在國,洪錫 경북대학교 1978 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

The reduction of nitro and nitroso compounds using tetracarbonylhydridoferrate-formaldehyde under mild conditions (at room temperature and then 60℃ under CO) gives the corresponding N, N-dimethylation via N-methylation in good to excellent yields. The reaction mechanism via immonium salt is assumed.

상이동촉매 존재하에서 금속착물 촉매에 의한 α,α´- 디할로크실렌의 카르보닐화

沈相喆,朴宇鉉,金鴻洛,李在守 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1987 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

Various transition metal carbonyl complexes catalyzed the carbonylation of p-xylylene dibromide to give p-phenylenediacetic acid in moderate yields in the presence of phase transfer agents such as crown ether and quaternary ammonium salt at atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide. These metal complexes were less effective in the case of carbonylation of ortho- and meta-xylylene dibromides. On the other hand, p-tolylacetic acid was predominantly obtained when p-xylylene dichloride was applied to this two phase system. And also, meta-and para-xylylene dibromides reacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of palladium (0) complexes such as tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (0), and bis (1,2-diphenylphosphinoethane) palladium(0) under phase transfer catalyst to give selectively mono-carbonylated products in reasonable yields.

多段階 在庫시스템에서의 最適 安全在庫 模型

沈宰弘,南相進,金正子 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

This research proposed a model for the determination of optimal safety stock for multi-echelon inventory system. The criterion is to minimize expected anaual total cost safety stock of system under service level constraint. The results of numerical examples for three-echelon inventory system are analized and compared with Salameh and Schmidt's model. The heuristic method is presented to find an optimal-tending solution for total variable system cost per year. The numerical examples are illustrated for verification and validation purposes.

모바일로봇 장애물회피 제어

심병균,Nguyen Huu Cong,김준홍,조창제,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This paper achieves a research about avoidance of obstacles avoidance based on ultrasonic sensor. The performance of the proposed obstacle avoidance robot controller in order to determine the exact dynamic systems modeling system that uncertainty is difficult for nomadic controlled robot direction angle by ultrasonic sensors throughout controlled performance tests. In additionally, this study is an in different ways than the self-driving simulator in the development of ultrasonic sensors and unmanned remote control techniques used by the self-driving robot controlled driving through an unmanned remote controlled unmanned realize the performance of factory automation.

오개념 조사에서 제시되는 문항형태별 학습자 반응특성

심상룡,김준태,홍남관 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 과학교육연구 Vol.29 No.1

동일 개념을 토대로 정성적인 문항과 정량적인 문항을 개발하여 학습자의 오개념 형태와 성취도를 조사하였다. 학생들이 가지고 있는 오개념의 유형은 선행연구의 오개념이 재현되었으며, 정성적인 문항의 정답률이 정량적인 문항보다 높게 나타났다. 학생들이 가지고 있을 것으로 예상하는 교사의 예측 오개념은 대체적으로 학생의 오개념과 일치하였으나 교사가 생각하지 못하는 학생들의 오개념도 정성적인 문항보다는 정량적인 문항에서 더 많이 나타났다. 교사가 가지고 있는 오개념의 유형은 정성적·정량적인 문항의 형태에서 학생들과 비슷하게 나타났는데 물리를 전공하지 않는 교사의 상당수가 물리현상에 대한 오개념을 가지고 있었다. In this study, the patterns of evaluation questions of force and motion are compared, after dividing them into quantitative items, which are widely used in school evaluations, and qualitative items, which are widely used in investigating science misconception, to investigate the relation between students' and teachers' misconceptions and misconceptions presumed by teachers. For this study, the subjects, three classes of middle school students gifted in science, two classes of high school advanced course, and secondary school teachers, were first tested with qualitative questions and four to seven days after they were tested again with quantitative questions. The results are as follows. 1. The majority of the preceding studies have mostly used qualitative patterns patterns to investigate science misconceptions. 2. 8 items of quantitative and qualitative questions for the 1st unit of force and motion presented in the course of the 1st grade of middle school, are developed respectively. 3. The patterns and characteristics of misconceptions found in qualitative questions were similar to those in lots of preceding studies, but the two patterns of qualitative and quantitative items should be fully considered to achieve designed evaluation, for some students and teachers, who think(judge) correctly in qualitative items, showed mis conceptions in quantitative items. And the fact that the rate of correct answer in the qualitative questions was higher than that in the quantitative questions showed that the development of contents in the unit of force and motion in the course of the 1st grade of middle school. 4. Both in qualitative questions and in quantitative questions the rate of correct answer is, on the whole, higher in high school students than in middle school students. 5. Teachers' presumed misconceptions are in much accord with students' misconceptions, but students' misconceptions, which teachers did not presume, were found. Lots of biology and earth-science teachers, who did not major in physics, have misconceptions about physical phenomena, and it is found through this study that teachers are one of the reasons of students' science misconceptions.

로봇 핸드핑거설계 및 파지제어

심병균,김준홍,Nguyen van Quyet,강창학,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This paper is the development of industrial robot hand's and the design methods of industrial Robot hand that can mimic human fingers motion. In order to overcome problems incurred during the reduction of the mobility, this study focuses on analyzing human hand structure and finger movements from an anatomical point of view. As a result, distinctive features that improve the discovered stability in constraints for range of motion in the fingers is reflected in this design concept. A 4-bar Linkage is used in robot finger structure. Lastly, there were experiments to inspect the developed robot hands performance. The developed robot hand has many potential applications and can be in many different fields.

紅景天(Rhodiola sachlinensis)에서 항균성 물질의 분리 및 동정

심창주,이규희,정재홍,이상덕,김영호,오만진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

홍경천의 천연 보존료로서의이용성을 검토하기 위하여 각종 용매로 홍경천 추출물을 제조하고 극성에 따라 순차분획, silica-gel chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high perfomance liquid chromatography의 분리과정을 거쳐 순수 분리된 각 물질을 GC/MS(EI) spectrum, ¹H-NMR spectrum, ¹³C-NMR spectrum을 이용하여 항균물질을 동정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 홍경천에 대해 acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, water의 각 용매로 추출한 결과 항균성분의 추출 용매로는 methanol이 가장 우수하였다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol로 분획한 결과 ethyl acetate와 n-butyl alcohol 분획에서 우수한 항균력을 나타내었다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물은 그람양성 4균주와 그람음성 4균주에 대해 고체 배지의 경우 대체로 500 μg/mL에서 최소저해를 나타냈으며, 액체배지의 경우 100 μg/mL 내외에서 최소저해를 나타내었다.] Silica gel column chromatography에서 용매의 배율을 높여가며 용출한 결과 chloroform : methanol(8:2, v/v)의 비율에서 항균력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 분리된 항균성분을 silica-gel TLC plate에 용매의 비율을 높여가며 전개시켜 chloroform : methanol(9:1, v/v)에서 9개의 물질군을 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 중 항균력이 확인된 3개의 물질군을 HPLC와 NMR spectrum을 분석한 결과 gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin 및 kaempferol로 동정되었다. gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin 및 kaempferol의 항균물질 각각의 최소저해농도는 Staphylococcus aureus와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대해 gallic acid와 kaempferol 이 500 μg/mL, (-)-epicatechin이 100 μg/mL에서 저해를 나타내었다. The antimicrobial substances from Rhodiola sachalinensis were extracted, isolated and identified. The highest level of antimicrobial activity and its yield were obtained in methanol extract. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract were 500 μg/mL on agar plate and 100 μg/mL in broth media for four gram positive and four gram negative microbials. The methanol extract was fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol, orderly. The separate was developed on the TLC plate with different solvent system ratio of chloroform and methanol. Nine substances were isolated from chloroform and methanol mixture(9:1, v/v). Among them, three isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Three substances separated by HPLC were identified by GC/MS(EI) spectrum and ^(1)H, ^(13)C-NMR spcetrum. They were gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activites of each substances were shown gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol, orderly.

주의력 결핍 과잉행동 장애 아동에서의 집단 프로그램의 치료 효과

심세훈,오창근,권자영,정유숙,홍성도 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Background : The authors attempted to introduce group program for improving interpersonal relationship and evaluate the effects of that program. Material and Methods : This program had been held twice a week for 8 weeks for children and parents training had been for times on the treatment and continued from 2001 to 2002. Twenty-five ADHD children in school age were selected as subjects from child psychiatric clinic of a general hospital in Seoul. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by comparing at pre- and post- treatment using the various rating scale. Result : According to the results of statistical analysis, paired t-test, the score of total self-concept including popularity was increased and family environment and parenting stress were improved significantly. These results suggest that this program is useful for its orginal goal. The parents evaluated also that children's total problem behaviors were decreased. Conclusion : These results suggest that the designed and performed group program in this study would be effective in facilitating ADHD children's emotional and interpersonal growth, and decreasing their parents stress. Finally they would have healthy interpersonal reationship.

광경화형 로진유도체의 합성과 그 특성

심상연,홍영택,정연태 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 공업기술연구 Vol.4 No.-

Rosin moiety-containing monomers were prepared by the reaction of abietic acid with 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, ethylene glycol vinyl ether and diethylene glycol vinyl ether using diethyl azodicarboxylate as a catalyst. These new monomers were photo-polymerized to give thin films in the presence of a sulfonium salt containing long alkyl chain. The rate of photopolymerization and amount of cured polymer were determined using real-time infrared technique. The final conversion of double bond is achieved in less than 30sec.