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      • KCI등재

        8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

        이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

        This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

      • 集中力訓練이 數學敎科 學習力에 미치는 影響

        金永國,朴화燁,權五韓,李善娥 서원대학교 교육연구소 1999 敎育發展 Vol.18 No.2

        This study was to analyze the effects of the training of mental concentration on the learning of mathematics. The assumption was to support that the higher the level of mental concentration the higher the achievements of mathematics. For the verification of the assumption were the following five questions listed. First, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into visual abilities for reading? Second, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into reading speed? Third, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into reading comprehension? Third, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into reading comprehension? Fourth, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into the higher level of mathematics learning? Fifth, how can the trained variable of mental concentration be transformable into the higher level of school achievements? Two matched groups of junior high school students were sampled for the experiment: One was experimental group for learning mental concentration program, and the other was controlled one. It took eighty-eight days to finish experiment. To the above questions were the answeres listed as the follows: For the independent variables manipulated was it showed that the posttest scores of visual performances focussed on reading were significantly higher than the pretest ones, that the posttest scores of reading speed variable were significantly higher than the pretest ones, and that in verifying the performance of experimental group the posttest scores of reading comprehension variable were not significantly higher than the pretest ones in controlled group. For the dependent variables was is showed that there were no significant differences of mathematics performances between the experimental and control group. And that there were no significant differences of academic performances between the experimental and control group. However, the three consecutive test scores of mathematics of experimental group were higher than the controlled one from the first sessions with treatment of mental concetration through the second to the third one without no treatment. It was concluded that there could exist the differences of learning and development rate in students' traits preformed in acedemic achievements when students were taught to learn mental concentration program designed for extra-curriculum.

      • 임신여성을 제외한 성인에서의 B군 연쇄구균 감염에 관한 임상적 고찰

        고경식,권선희,안우석,이원욱,김구엽,서환조 대한감염학회 1995 감염 Vol.27 No.4

        목적:B군 연쇄구균은 최근 보고에 의하면 만성 기저질환(당뇨병, 악성종양등)이 있는 성인에서 감염빈도 및 사망률, 이환율이 증가하고 있는 추세이며 그 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 저자들은 B군 연쇄구균 감염의 임상양상, 기저질환(위험인자)을 알아보고, B군 연쇄구균 항균제 감수성등을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법:1986년 1월부터 1993년 12월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에서 B군 연쇄구균이 배양된 274예를 대상으로 의무기록지를 검토하였다. 결과: 1) 전체 연구대상은 274예로 98예(35.8%)가 남자였고, 176예(64.2%)가 여자였다. 이들의 연령분포를 보면 신생아군에서 감염이 많이 발생하였다 이후 감소추세를 보이다가 20대 이상에서 다시 증가 하는 추세를 보였다. 2) 감염 양상은 274명중 명확한 감염이 156명(56.9%), 추정감염이 55명(20.1%), 비감염이 63명(23.0%)이었다. 임신을 제외한 18세 이상의 성인은 231명으로 남자가 83명, 여자가 148명이었고 남여 비율은 1:1.78이었다. 이중 133예(57.6%)에서 명확한 감염이었고, 46명(19.9%)에서 추정 감염, 52명(22.5%)에서 비감염이었다. 명확한 감염환자 133명중 31명(23.3%)이 병원내 감염이였다. 3) 18세 이상의 성인 231명에서 Group B Streptococcus가 분리 동정된 감염 부위는 자궁 경부 77예(33.3%), 요 73예(31.6%), 객담및 상기도 39예(16.9%), 농 24예(10.4%)등이었다. 4) 명확한 감염을 가지고 있었던 성인 133명의 임상양상은 요로 감염 37명(28%), 자궁 경부염 37명(28%), 피부, 연조직 감염 23명(17%), 폐렴 10명(8%), 패혈증 8명(6%)등이었다. 5) 명확한 감염을 가지고 있었던 성인 133명중 92명(69%)에서 한가지 이상의 만성 기저질환이 있었으며, 이중 당뇨병 32%, 뇌 혈관 질환 21%, 고혈압 19%, 신부전 12%, 악성종양 5%등을 차지하였다. 6) 항균제 감수성 검사(251예)에서 penicillin 98.4%, cephalothin 99.6%, cefamandol 98.8%, erythromycin 96.0%, clindamycin 89.4%, oxacillin 88.8%, lincomycin 87.8%, methicillin 86.8%, minocycline 49.4%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 15.5%의 감수성을 보였다. 7) 명확한 성인 감염 133명중 6명(4.5%)이 사망하였다. 결론:B군 연쇄구균은 만성 기저질환이 있는 성인에서 감염 빈도가 높고, 치명적인 결과를 초래할수 있으므로 감염 예방 및 조기 발견, 적절한 항균제 감수성 검사에 따라 조기 치료로 사망률을 줄여야 할것으로 생각된다. Background: Several reports have suggested that the incidence of diseases caused by Group B streptococcus is increasing in nonpregnant adults, particularly those with serious underlying diseases. The objectives of this study were to define the clinical manifestations, underlying conditions(risk factors) of definite group B streptococcal diseases in nonpregnant adults and to obtain antimicrobial sensitivity of these infections. Methods: We analyzed the records of 274 cases of the Group B streptococcus isolated in Kyung-Hee University hospital between 1986 and 1993. Results: 1) Total Group B streptococcal isolates were 274 cases : Of these cases, 7 percent were 1 month of age or younger, 3 percent were older than 1 month but younger than 18 years of age, and 91 percent were 18 or older. 2) Men and nonpregnant women accounted for 87 percent (n=231) : 133 cases (57.6%) with definite infection, 46 cases(19.9%) with possible infection, and 52 cases(22.5%) with no infection. 31 cases of 133 (23.3%) nonpregnant adult with definite infection apeared to have acquired the disease nosocomially. 3) In the 133 nonpregnant adult patients, the most common clinical diagnosis were urinary tract infection(28%), and cervicitis(28%). 4) In the 133 nonpregnant adult patients, the underlying diseases or conditions were diabetes mellitus(32%), cerebrovascular accident(21%), hypertension(19%), renal failure(12%), and malignant neoplasm(5%), Sixty-nine percent of the cases had one or more underlying diseases. 5) In the antimicrobial sensitivity tests, 98.4% of isolates were sensitive to penicillin, 99.6% to cephalothin, 98,8% to cefamandol, 96.0% to erythromycin, 89.4% to clindamycin, and 49.4% to minocycline. 6) The case mortality rate was 4.5%(6 of 133). Conclusion:We found group B streptococcal infection to be a significant and apparently increasing cause of definite diseases in nonprognant adults, particularly in those with serious underlying diseases. Recognizing these infections early in the groups with serious underlying diseases will be helpful in lowering mortality.

      • KCI등재

        한국 천식아동의 기질특성

        김승태,최성구,김상엽,정유숙,홍성도,김선우,이상일,이흥재 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

        이 연구의 목적은 기관지 천식아동의 기질특성을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 저자중 일인의 예비연구에 의하면 천식아동집단은 습진이나 알러지성 비염 등의 만성질환을 가진 아동집단이나 정상아동과는 다른 기질특성을 갖는다. 세 살에서 일곱 살 사이의 정상아동과 기관지 천식을 앓는 아동 85명의 어머니들에게 한국판"부모기질설문(Parental Temperamental Questionnaire)"을 완성하도록 하여 기질을 측정하였다. 기질의 9가지 범주 및 요인 A점수를 비교하기 위하여 비모수적 통계법을 사용하였으며, 아동들의 기질진단을 비교하기 위하여 Chi-square통계법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 천식을 앓는 여아집단은 정상 여아집단에 비해 적응성과 반응의 역치 범주에서 통계적으로 유의하게 낮았다. 또 정상아동집단의 11%가 기질진단적으로 양육곤란형인 반면 천식아동집단은 22%를 차지했다. 두 집단은 기질진단면에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 천식아동에 특징적인 기질양상이 있음을 시사한다. 기질양상의 조기발견은 부모들에게 천식아동의 건강한 발달을 이해하고 행동장애 고위험집단인 만성질환을 앓는 소아들에게 적절한 양육을 제공하는데 도움을 줄 것이다. The objective of this study was to determine temperamental characteristics of children with bronchial asthma. An earlier preliminary study(Kim SP, Ferrara A, Chess 5, 1980) results show that the asthmatic children, as a group, are significantly different from two other control groups(1. children with eczema, allergic rhinitis, or both without asthma : Ⅱ. normal healthy children in their temperamental profile). The parents of 85 Korean children with bronchial asthma, ages 3 to 7 years, completed the Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess. The data collected were of ordinal type, ranked from 1 to 7 and the non-parametric Mann-whitney U Test was utilized. Any child with a suspected history or diagnosis of premature birth, organic brain syndrome, mental retardation, childhood psychosis, congenital physical anomaly, hereditary disease or any other medical or surgical conditions, other than asthma, requiring continuous physicians care was excluded from the study population. The results showed that asthmatic female children were characterized by lower adaptability and lower threshold of responsiveness. And 22% of asthmatic children were of the difficult type, compared to 11% of normal children. Both groups were statistically different in terms of temperamental constellation. The findings strongly suggest the existence of a distinct temperamental profile of asthmatic children. Early detection of the profile may be of great value for parents and child health care providers in understanding the asthmatic children's correct developmental needs and in determining appropriate parenting approaches for the chronically ill children at the risk of behavioral disorder.

      • Proteogenomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in extensively drug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> DU202

        Lee, Sang-Yeop,Yun, Sung Ho,Lee, Yeol Gyun,Choi, Chi-Won,Leem, Sun-Hee,Park, Edmond Changkyun,Kim, Gun-Hwa,Lee, Je Chul,Kim, Seung Il Oxford University Press 2014 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol.69 No.6

        <P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>To determine the genomic sequence of extensively drug-resistant <I>Acinetobacter baumannii</I> DU202 and to perform proteomic characterization of antibiotic resistance in this strain using genome data.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The genome sequence of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202 was determined using the Hi-Seq 2000 system and comparative analysis was performed to determine the unique characteristics of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202. Previous proteomic results from the cell wall membrane fraction by one-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry analysis (1DE-LC-MS/MS), using the <I>A. baumannii</I> ATCC 17978 genome as a reference, were reanalysed to elucidate the resistance mechanisms of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202 using strain-specific genome data. Additional proteomic data from the cytosolic fraction were also analysed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The genome of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202 consists of 3660 genes and is most closely related to the Korean <I>A. baumannii</I> 1656-2 strain. More than 144 resistance genes were annotated in the <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202 genome, of which 72 that encoded proteins associated with antibiotic resistance were identified in the proteomic analysis of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202 cultured in tetracycline, imipenem and Luria–Bertani broth (control) medium. Strong induction of β-lactamases, a multidrug resistance efflux pump and resistance–nodulation–cell division (RND) multidrug efflux proteins was found to be important in the antibiotic resistance responses of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Combining genomic and proteomic methods provided comprehensive information about the unique antibiotic resistance responses of <I>A. baumannii</I> DU202.</P>

      • SCIESCOPUS

        Genomic characterization of extensively drug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> strain, KAB03 belonging to ST451 from Korea

        Lee, Sang-Yeop,Oh, Man Hwan,Yun, Sung Ho,Choi, Chi-Won,Park, Edmond Changkyun,Song, Hyun Seok,Lee, Hayoung,Yi, Yoon-Sun,Shin, Juhyun,Chung, Chaeuk,Moon, Jae Young,Lee, Je Chul,Kim, Gun-Hwa,Kim, Seung Elsevier 2018 INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION Vol.65 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <I>Acinetobacter baumannii</I> strains have emerged rapidly worldwide. The antibiotic resistance characteristics of XDR <I>A. baumannii</I> strains show regional differences; therefore, it is necessary to analyze both genomic and proteomic characteristics of emerging XDR <I>A. baumannii</I> clinical strains isolated in Korea to elucidate their multidrug resistance. Here, we isolated new sequence type of XDR <I>A. baumannii</I> clinical strain (KAB03) from Korean hospitals and performed comprehensive genome analyses. The strain belongs to new sequence type, ST451. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis with other types of <I>A. baumannii</I> strains revealed that KAB03 has unique SNP pattern in the regions of <I>gyrB</I> and <I>gpi</I> of MLST profiles. <I>A. baumannii</I> KAB03 harbours three antibiotic resistance islands (AbGRI1, 2, and 3). AbGRI1 harbours two copies of Tn<I>2006</I> containing <I>bla</I> <SUB>OXA-23</SUB>, which play an important role in antibiotic resistance. AbGRI2 possesses aminoglycoside resistant gene <I>aph(3′)-Ic</I> and class A β-lactamase <I>bla</I> <SUB>TEM</SUB>. AbGIR3 has macrolide resistant genes and aminoglycoside resistant gene <I>armA</I>. <I>A. baumannii</I> KAB03 harbours mutations in <I>pmrB</I> and <I>pmrC</I>, which are believed to confer colistin resistance. In addition, proteomic and transcriptional analysis of KAB03 confirmed that β-lactamases (ADC-73 and OXA-23), Ade efflux pumps (AdeIJK), outer membrane proteins (OmpA and OmpW), and colistin resistance genes (PmrCAB) were major proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance. Our proteogenomic results provide valuable information for multi-drug resistance in emerging XDR <I>A. baumannii</I> strains belonging to ST451.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Whole genome of an XDR <I>A. baumannii</I> KAB03 belonging to ST451, isolated in South Korea, was analyzed </LI> <LI> <I>A.s baumannii</I> strains belonging to ST451 have unique SNP pattern in the regions of <I>gyrB</I> and <I>gpi</I> of MLST profiles </LI> <LI> Antibiotic resistance proteins of <I>A. baumannii</I> KAB03 were suggested by proteomic and transcriptomic analysis </LI> </UL> </P>

      • Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Asparagus officinalis L. root extract

        Sun-Yeop Lee,Min Hong,Joon-Hee Han,Da-Hye Choi,Hyeon-Ju Lee,Jae-Hee Lee,Hae-Ju Kang,Tae-Hyung Kwon,Soo-Ung Lee 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

        Asparagus officinalis L. is one of the most widely used agricultural products all over the world. However, in terms of production cost and production, asparagus is cultivated through facility cultivation, and high production cost is required in a small area, so research on the availability of by-products is required. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity was measured by preparing an extract from the root, a by-product of asparagus production. As a result of measuring the antioxidant activity of Asparagus officinalis L. root water extracts (ARW), the DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured to be 32.62±1.11% at the highest concentration of 1000 μg/mL. As a result of measuring the effect of ARW on RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS treatment for anti-inflammatory activity evaluation, NO concentration was measured to be 77.12±0.66 (% of LPS) at 500 μg/mL concentration, it was also measured to inhibit the mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS and IL6.

      • KCI등재

        부패의 생성과 변화에 관한 연구: 네트웍 제도주의와 ‘Lock in’

        이선엽 ( Lee Sun Yeop ) 한국행정사학회 2017 韓國行政史學誌 Vol.41 No.-

        이 연구는 부패를 비공식적인 네트웍 제도로 보고, ‘네트웍 제도주의’와 ‘역사적 제도주의’를 이론적으로 연결하고 있다. 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 먼저, ‘부패 네트웍’은 내부의 행위자가 작동하는 구조이기 때문에, 이 속에서 행위자의 ‘전략적 행위 및 선호’가 ‘역사적제도주의’의 제도변화 메카니즘과 어떻게 연결되고 있는지에 대하여, ‘분석의 틀’을 제시하고자 한다. 둘째, 네트웍 구조와 행위자의 작용을 살펴서, 부패제도의 산출과 변화의 메카니즘을 발견하고자 한다. 셋째, 네트웍 내부의 행위자적 ‘선호’ 내지 ‘전략적 선택’이 어떠한 조건에서 어떠한 시기에, 어떻게 제도변화에 관계되는지 살펴보고자 한다. 넷째, 한국정치와 사회에서 어떠한 ‘역사적 분기점’이 제도변화를 가져오는 것인지에 대해여 살펴본다. 특히, ‘외생적 사건’과 네트웍 내부의 ‘변증법적 상호작용’의 관계성을 알아본다. 연구의 결과, 네트웍 행위자들의 학습된 '기술'과 '자원'은 변증법적으로 네트웍 상호작용의 행위자에 이어지며, ‘네트웍 구조’와의 작용을 통해 부패가 산출된다는 것을 설명하였다. 그리고, 부패제도의 변화에 대하여서는 ‘결정적 분기점’에서 ‘외생적 사건’이 ‘네트웍 구조의 변환’을 가져올 때, 제도변화의 ‘조건’이 만들어 진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉, ‘외생적 사건’이 ‘구조변환’을 가져 오는 경우, '새로운 제도'로 이행할 수 있는 변화의 ’필요조건’을 충족하게 되는 것이다. 반면에, ‘T3’에서 ‘네트웍 행위자’의 ‘전략적 선호’는 부패의 산출과 제도변화의 ‘충분조건’으로 이어진다고 볼 수 있다. 결국, ‘2016 촛불혁명’과 ‘2017의 탄핵’이 ‘새로운 반부패 구조’를 재구성하는 제도변화의 ‘필요조건’을 충족하였다고 할 것이며, 문재인정부의 ‘전략적 선호’와 행위는 제도변화의 ‘충분조건’인 것이다. 끝으로, 네트웍내 행위자들 간의 ‘등가성’과 ‘응집성’의 증대는 ‘행위자적 선호’를 강화 내지 ‘단선화’(linearize)함으로써, 제도의 ‘Lock-in’에 관계한다고 보았다. This study views corruption as informal network institutions, and connect theoretically ‘network institutionalism’ with ‘historical institutionalism.’ The purpose of this study is as follows: First, since ‘corruption network’ is a structure operated by inner actors, this study intends to present a framework about how the ‘strategic action and preference’ of actors connect to institutional change mechanism of ‘historical institutionalism’ in it. Second, the study intends to discover the mechanism of outcome and change of corrupt institutions by examining network structure and actors. Third, the study intends to examine how inner network actors ‘preference’ to ‘strategic choice’ are connected with institutional change in any conditions and in any timing. Fourth, the study examines what ‘historical junctures’ results in institutional change in Korean politics and society; especially, the relationship between ‘exogenous event’ and inner ‘dialectical interactions.’ The research results explained that the learning ‘skil’ and ‘resources’ of network actors are dialectically connected to inner network ‘dialectical interplay’ and corruption come out through interactions with network structure. And it could be seen that as for change of corruption institutions' when ‘exogenous event’ results in ‘transformation of network structure’ in ‘decisive junctures,’ the ‘condition’ of institutional change is made. That is, it can be seen that when ‘exogenous event’ causes ‘structural transformation,’ changing ‘necessary conditions’ to transform into new institutions are satisfied. On the other hand, it can be seen that in ‘T3,’ the ‘strategic preference’ of ‘network actor’ is connected to ‘sufficient conditions’ of corruption outcome and institutional change. Accordingly, since ‘2016 Candlelight Revolution’ and ‘2017 Impeachment’ satisfied ‘necessary conditions’ for institutional change by reconstituting 'new anti-corruption structures'. and Moon Jaein government's 'strategic preference' and action apply to 'sufficient conditions' of institutional change. Finally, it was seen that an increase in ‘equivalence’and ‘cohesion’ among network actors is related to ‘Lock-in’ of institutions by reinforcing or linearizing ‘actors' preference.’

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Analysis of the Novel VNTR Polymorphisms of MUC8 Gene

        Ji Sun Lee,Ja Young Kim,Eun Kyung Ahn,Sang Yeop Lee,Yun Hee Jeong,Se Ra Lee,Sun Hee Leem 한국유전학회 2009 Genes & Genomics Vol.31 No.3

        Analysis of mucin genes has identified the presence of several features that may represent important functional domains in mucin glycoproteins. In the central region of each mucin, there are a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR; minisatellites). However, their genomic levels are unclear because of complex genomic properties. We report here the distribution of VNTR and polymorphic analysis of MUC8. We searched for VNTR of MUC8 using the Tandem Repeat Finder program and found nine VNTR motif. Six (MUC8-MS1~MS6) among the nine VNTRs were evaluated in this study. Each VNTR in MUC8 region was analyzed in genomic DNA obtained from 200 unrelated individuals and multi-generational families. All VNTRs (MUC8-MS1, -MS2, -MS3, -MS4, -MS5 and -MS6) were genotyped as polymorphic. The degree of polymorphism within the MUC8-MS5 showed the highest heterozygosity (h=0.786) in the MUC8 region. In order to perform a segregation analysis of the VNTRs in MUC8, we analyzed genomic DNA obtained from two generations of five families and from three generations of two families. Six of the polymorphic VNTRs were transmitted through meiosis following a Mendelian inheritance, which suggests that polymorphic VNTRs could be useful markers for paternity mapping and DNA fingerprinting.

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