도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

DJ-1/park7 modulates vasorelaxation and blood pressure via epigenetic modification of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

Won, Kyung Jong,Jung, Seung Hyo,Jung, Soo Hyun,Lee, Kang Pa,Lee, Hwan Myung,Lee, Dong-Youb,Park, Eun-Seok,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Bokyung Oxford University Press 2014 Cardiovascular research Vol.101 No.3

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>DJ-1/park7, a multifunctional protein, may play essential roles in the vascular system. However, the function of DJ-1/park7 in vascular contractility has remained unclear. The present study was designed to investigate whether the DJ-1/park7 is involved in the regulation of vascular contractility and systolic blood pressure (SBP).</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>Norepinephrine (NE) elevated contraction in endothelium-intact vessels in a dose-dependent manner, to a greater extent in DJ-1/park7 knockout (DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice than in wild-type (DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>) mice. Acetylcholine inhibited NE-evoked contraction in endothelium-intact vessels, and this was markedly impaired in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP>. Nitric oxide (NO) production (82.1 ± 2.8% of control) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression (61.7 ± 8.9%) were lower, but H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> production (126.4 ± 8.6%) was higher, in endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice than in those from DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls; these effects were reversed by DJ-1/park7-overexpressing endothelial cells from DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1 recruitment and H3 histone acetylation at the eNOS promoter were elevated and diminished, respectively, in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls. Moreover, SBP was significantly elevated in DJ-1/park7<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice compared with DJ-1/park7<SUP>+/+</SUP> controls, but this elevation was inhibited in mice treated with valproic acid, an inhibitor of Class I HDACs including HDAC-1.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results demonstrate that DJ-1/park7 protein may be implicated in the regulation of vascular contractility and blood pressure, probably by the impairment of NO production through H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated epigenetic inhibition of eNOS expression.</P>

서구 공원 녹지 배치 계획 이론의 초기 발전 과정과 특성

박구원 ( Koo Won Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2006 녹지환경학회지 Vol.2 No.2

In America and Europe from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the planning ideologies of park system and greenbelts were made and these planning ideologies are called Green Network System. They are different in terms of the purpose, type and method, but they have common characteristics of encouraging order and amenity in cities based on the consecutive connection of green space, and of coping with the problems happening in cities. Just as the park system was made, centering around new America and greenbelts were developed to meet with the problems happening in large cities, the structural arrangement and the roles of greens should be different. However, this connection system of greens was oriented in the circumstances of America and Europe at that time so it has not been confirmed what sizes of cities it would be useful for. On the other hand, separately from the Green Network System, the theory of park arrangement is being developed. It intends to cope with deterioration of the living environment caused by overcrowded cities and with increase in the demands of public parks. It is based on the neighborhood unit and the science of human settlement. In addition, the theory of park arrangement is based on the effects of greens in use, rather than, in decoration so it encourages dispersion and hierarchical system of parks, having the human settlement as base. Consequently, the theory of park arrangement is influenced by the characteristics and the type of households, and it has a required area and planning unit. However, this theory has the right for walking and human scale as the basic unit so for the large parks that are beyond the human scale, the planning criteria are not clear. The theory of park arrangement, which is based on the neighborhood unit, may be useful for the cities with tens of thousands of residents, but it is partially applied for the cities with 500,000~1,000,000 residents. And further, in organizing the green system for the whole city, the theory of park arrangement can be ignored. As seen in the above, the existing arrangement theory has some problems: it is just for partial application; and it is not suitable for the size and the growing speed of cities. The greens in cities should be operated as the comprehensive system, but greenbelts and park arrangement have been studied separately so far. That`s why it is necessary to review again the existing arrangement theory.

상용차 기반에 대한 주차보조시스템 사용자 감성 평가

전재석(Jaeseok Jeon),박현배(Hyunbae Park),문희석(Heeseok Moon),곽수진(Sujin Kwag) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

In this paper, we described about evaluation of human sensibility using park assist system of the commercial vehicle. The perpendicular parking and parallel parking have been carried out as a user test and subjects are classified as beginning drivers, drivers with less than 1 year experience and over 3 years experience. As a result, parking duration of beginning drivers and drivers with less than 1 year experience who use automatic parking assistance system is similar to drivers with over 3 years experience. However error occurred according to sensor position and distance between vehicle and parking space. And also it occurred that the vehicle leaves from parking line or does not recognize the parking space. Therefore, if we improve its completeness by compensating problems that came up from this evaluation and distribute the automatic parking assistance system, it is expected that the park assistance system is to help driver providing convenience of parking.

저전력 주차 안내 시스템 설계

박주용(Ju-Yong Park),임형규(Hyeong-giu Lim) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2011 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.5 No.1

주차안내 시스템은 주차장에서 주차정보를 제공하여 운전자에게 주차 편리성을 제공한다. 동시에 다수의 센서, 디스플레이와 제어모듈을 이용하여 아주 소량의 전기 에너지 만을 소모한다. 녹색 빌딩 설계의 요구가 점차 증가함에 따라 주차관리 시스템의 운용 전력 감축 문제가 이수화 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주차 관리 시스템의 감지기와 디스플레이 장치의 설계와 소비전력 감축의 결과를 제시한다. 이 시스템은 무선 Park Tile 과 Park Disk를 사용하여 전력소비를 감축 시키고, 여러 개의 주차공간 감지기와 자동차 카운터, 정보 디스플레이 장치, 안내 터미널과 제어장치로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 시스템 구조설계와 통신망 설계, 주차정보 서비스 시나리오 설계, .배터리 수명 제어, 운영 전력 평가 등이 수행되었다. 주차장당 운영전력은 0.4W로 평가 되었으며, 이는 기존 시스템의 17%정도 이고 매년 유지비는 기존 시스템에 비해 43%에 해당된다. The parking guidance system can increase driver’s convenience with detailed parking information service in the parking lot. At the same time, parking guidance system consumes non-negligible electrical energy with large amount of sensors, displays and control modules. With the increase in the demand for green and sustainable building design all over the world, it becomes a meaningful issue for parking guidance system to reduce operating power. This paper presents the preliminary design and estimated results of a parking guidance system which is optimized to reduce the power consumption mainly on detectors and displays. The system design is based on pre-developed wireless parking detectors, Park Tile and Park Disk. The system has a number of parking space detectors, vehicle count detectors, information displays, guidance terminals and other control units. We have performed system architecture design, communication network design, parking information service scenario planning, battery life regulation and at last operating power estimation. The estimated operating power was 0.4 watt per parking-slot, which is 17% of traditional systems. The estimated annual maintain cost was 43% of traditional systems.

국립공원 구역 조정에 따른 환경,경제,사회적 파급효과 분석

홍현정 ( Hyun Jung Hong ),최현아 ( Hyun Ah Choi ),변병설 ( Byung Seol Byun ),박용하 ( Yong Ha Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.6

As ten years have passed since national parks were adjusted and released inceptively, it is the time for evaluating the effectiveness of the national park policy and improving it on the basis of the evaluation result. In this study, the method of appraising the environmental and socio-economical ripple effect on the implementation of national park regulation were provided, based on the institutional consideration, the environment analysis, the survey of residents consciousness, the statistical analysis and so on. It is applied to target sites where were released from national parks, and the policy direction was suggested for sustainable use and management of national parks. National parks, that exhibit various characteristics depending on geographical and local conditions, were categorized through the statistical approach. Released sites from Seoraksan National park, where was categorized as the core national park for sustainable use and management, were evaluated environmentally based on the time-series analysis of environmental thematic maps and socio-economically based on the survey on residents perceptions. As a result of this study, the environmental effect of released sites has been declined or threatened, and the residents` economic, social and living condition in these areas are still not improved(p<0.05) since the adjustment of national parks. Based on the policy approach reflecting regional characteristics, natural resources are kept and enhanced for the sustainable use and management of national parks. And a consensus on the national park policy of national park should be developed between local residents and voluntary participation and public awareness should be attracted from them, based on the construction and the supplement of the infrastructure.

이용자간 만족도를 고려한 공원의 공간개선 방향연구 - 목포시 삼학도공원을 중심으로 -

박성현 ( Park Sung-hyun ),배현미 ( Bae Hyun-mi ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구에서는 역사와 문화를 품고 있는 목포 삼학도공원의 재정비계획 수립과정에서 이용만족도를 높이기 위한 계획 및 설계에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 공원 이용자들을 대상으로 만족도 분석을 진행하였다. 구체적으로 먼저, 역사적인 측면에서 삼학도공원의 특징을 살펴본 후, 공원시설의 구성과 운용실태에 대해 살펴보았다. 다음으로 삼학도공원의 이용과 만족도 조사를 시민과 관광객을 대상으로 실시한 결과로는 첫째, 삼학도공원은 주말을 이용해서 가족 및 친구와 함께 여가를 즐기기 위한 공간으로서 근린공원의 특징을 보이고 있는데, 이는 시민들이 삼학도공원을 근린공원의 이미지로 인식하는 것과 맥락을 같이 하고 있다. 둘째, 삼학도공원을 찾는 관광객들은 전남지역에 거주하는 사람들이 많았고, 연령층은 시민과 비슷하게 40대와 50대가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, 이들은 가족과 함께 관광목적으로 방문한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 시민과 관광객 모두 삼학도공원의 이용 및 시설에 대해서는 대체로 만족하는 것으로 나타났으며, 시민은 그 이유로 편안한 쉼터와 좋은 자연환경이라고 응답하였다. 넷째, 시민과 관광객 모두 삼학도공원 이용 시 관리실, 화장실, 매점 등 안내 및 편의시설의 부족하다는 문제점을 제기하고 있으며, 삼학도에 새롭게 만들어졌으면 하는 시설과 사업에 대해시민과 관광객들은 섬의 정체성을 나타내기 위해 특색 없는 다리를 대신하여 육지와 삼학도를 이어주는 가동교 설치를 원하는 것으로 나타났다. 이용자간 만족도를 고려한 공원 공간개선 방향은 정리하면, 첫째 매립지의 기존 공원Zone(A)은 현재 공원시설을 최대한 활용함을 원칙으로 하고 이용측면에서 제기된 문제점을 개선하면서 지역 정체성을 살리고 최근의 트렌드에 맞는 새로운 아이템을 도입하는 방향으로 설계한다. 둘째, 삼학도 활용 Zone(B)은 복원된 삼학도를 적극적으로 활용하는 방향으로 설계한다. 셋째, 공원입구 Zone(C)는 공원의 위치 등 인지도 향상을 위한 안내 홍보 및 가동교 등 랜드마크 설치, 동선 유도책 등이 필요하다. 넷째, 목포내항 삼학도 해안 Zone(D)는 우수한 조망점이라는 특징을 적극 활용하고, 내륙과 내항측에서 접근이 용이한 동선 및 시선 유도계획 방향으로 설계한다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 섬을 활용한 공원을 조성할 시 시설이용도 및 이용자 만족도를 높이 기 위해 일반적인 근린공원으로 그 역할을 제안하는 것보다는 해당 공원을 통해 지역의 문화와 정서를 담고 섬만의 정체성을 살리는 전략과 계획이 필요하며, 이러한 방식이 섬을 활용한 공원의 지속가능성을 보장할 수 있을 것이다. In this study, the author analyzed satisfaction with Samhak Island Park among park users with an aim to provide basic data essential to be applied in the planning and design phases in a way that enhances their satisfaction in the process of setting up the reorganization plan of this park entailing both the history and culture of Mokpo City. As a first step, the author first examined the characteristics of this park in terms of history and closely looked into the organization and features of park facilities. Secondly, the direction of space improvement plans was proposed based on the findings of the survey on satisfaction among residents and visitors at Samhak Island Park. To summarize the ways to improve park space considering satisfaction among park users, the current park Zone(A) at Mokpo landfill should be designed to address problems in terms of visiting, uphold the local identity, and introduce popular and trendy items, while maintaining the principle of making the best use of the present park facilities. Second, Zone(B) should be designed in a way that takes greater advantages of the restored Samhak Island. Third, Zone(C) representing an entrance requires tasks such as promotional activities to make public its location, landmark installments such as a movable bridge, and improved path guidance. Fourth, Zone(D) by the ocean of this island at the inner harbor should be designed to reflect its outstanding view point in the way that the users are allowed to have easier access from land as well as from the inner harbor as part of its view-attracting plan. The findings revealed that when it comes to building new parks using existing islands, strategies and plans to maintain its identity as an island while upholding its culture and feeling are needed rather than proposing its role as an ordinary neighborhood park to boost facility use and user satisfaction. This way is expected to successfully ensure sustainability related to parks using existing islands.

의열단원 박재혁(朴載赫)의 생애와 부산경찰서 투탄(投彈)

박철규 ( Park Chul-kyu ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2019 항도부산 Vol.37 No.-

박재혁(朴載赫)은 1895년 5월 17일 범일동 183번지에서 독자로 태어났다. 15세되던 해에 아버지를 여의고 어머니, 여동생과 생활했다. 1911년 3월 22일 부산진사립육영학교를 졸업하고, 1915년 3월 22일 부산공립상업학교를 제4회로 졸업했다. 박재혁은 부산공립상업학교 재학 중에 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규 등과 함께 『동국역사』를 비밀리에 등사하여 배포했다. 3학년 때에는 최천택, 김병태, 박홍규, 오재영 등과 구세단(救世團)을 결성하고, 민족의식을 고취하는 단보를 발행하여 부산과 경상남도 일대에 배포했다. 박재혁은 1917년 6월 부산을 떠나 3년 이상 상해와 싱가포르 등지를 왕래하면서 인삼 등의 무역업에 종사했다. 동시에 동지들과 교류하면서 독립운동에 기여할 방법을 찾고 있었다. 그러던 중 3.1운동을 계기로 독립운동에 대한 신심을 다져 투신하기로 결심했다. 부산경찰서가 타격대상으로 지목된 것은 당시 의열단이 3.1운동 이후 기존의 독립운동노선에 방향전환을 선언하고 조직됐는데, 제1차 국내기관총공격 계획이 1920년 6월에 발각되어 실패하고 관련자 전원이 체포됐다. 이에 의열단에서는 빠른 시간 내에 성과를 거두어 이를 반전시켜야 할 필요성 요구됐기 때문이다. 또한 부산은 일본에서 조선으로 가는 관문이며 전형적인 식민도시로 개발됐으며, 제2의 오사카로 불렸기 때문에 상징성이 컸다. 거사 준비 과정에서 박재혁은 부산경찰서장 하시모토(橋本秀平)가 고서적을 좋아한다는 정보를 입수하고, 무역업을 하던 경험을 살려 중국 고서 상인으로 위장했다. 1920년 9월 14일 오후 2시 30분 경 부산경찰서에 들어가 공무가 있는 것처럼 가장하고, 하시모토 서장의 오른쪽 가까이 접근하자, 서장이 집무를 멈추고 그쪽으로 몸을 돌리려는 찰나, 자신이 의열단임을 밝히고 투탄했다. 당시 하시모토 서장은 경상을 입었다. 박재혁도 부상을 입어 탈출하지 못하고 현장에서 체포됐다. 박재혁은 부산지법의 1심부터 1921년 3월 31일 진행된 경성고법의 3심까지 일관되게 ‘살인미수죄’가 적용됐다. 박재혁은 부산지방법원에서 무기징역을 선고받았다. 그러나 검사의 공소로 대구복심법원에서 진행된 재판에서는 원심이 파기되고 박재혁은 사형을 선고받았다. 결국 박재혁은 1921년 3월 31일 3심인 경성 고등법원에서 사형이 확정됐다. 박재혁은 체포된 후 고문과 폭탄 투척 당시의 상처로 고통을 겪는 와중에 폐병까지 얻게 되었지만 기개는 꺾이지 않았다. 1921년 5월 11일 오전 11시 20분에 대구 감옥에서 사망했다. Jae-hyuk Park was born as the only son in 183 Beomil-dong on May 17, 1895. At the age of 15, his father passed away and he lived with his mother and sister. On March 22, 1911, he graduated from Busanjin Primary School, and on March 22, 1915, he was the fourth graduate of Busan Public Commercial School. While attending Busan Public Commercial School, Jae-hyuk Park secretly reproduced and distributed 『Dongguk History』 with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim and Hong-gyu Park. In his third grade, he formed Gusedan(救世團) with Cheon-taek Choi, Byeong-tae Kim, Hong-gyu Park, and Jae-young Oh, and issued a noticed to promote national identity in Busan and the whole region of Gyeongsangnam-do Province. Jae-hyuk Park left Busan in June 1917 to Shanghai and Singapore for more than three years to work in the trade industry. At the same time, he was seeking ways to contribute to the independence movement while interacting with his companions. He then decided to devote himself to the independence movement after the March 1 Independence Movement. Busan Police Station was targeted as the attack after the March 1 Independence Movement when Euiyeoldan had been organized by declaring the change of direction to the existing independence movement, and it was when everyone involved was arrested upon failure of the first national full-scale attack plan in June 1920. As a result, Euiyeoldan needed to achieve results and reverse the situation in a short time. Busan was also a gateway from Japan to Joseon and was developed as the typical colonial city, and had its symbolism as it was called as the second Osaka. In preparation for the rebellion, Jae-hyuk Park obtained information that Hashimoto, the Busan police chief, liked ancient books and disguised himself as the Chinese ancient book dealer by taking advantage of his experience in trade business. At about 2:30p.m. on September 14, 1920, he entered the Busan Police Station pretending to be on duty, approached chief Hashimoto from the right side and threw a bomb after declaring himself as a member of Euiyeoldan when the chief turned his body towards him. At that time, chief Hashimoto was slightly injured. Jae-hyuk Park was arrested at the scene after failing to escape due to his injury. Jae-hyuk Park was consistently charged with 'attempted murder' from the first trial of the Busan District Court to the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court on March 31, 1921. Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to life imprisonment at the Busan District Court. However, the appeal by the prosecution annulled the original decision at the trial at the Daegu High Court, and Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death. Eventually, Jae-hyuk Park was sentenced to death as his final judgment on March 31, 1921 after the third trial of the Gyeongseong High Court. Jae-hyuk Park suffered from lung diseases due to tortures after arrest and injuries from the bomb, but his spirit was never thwarted. He died in Daegu prison at 11:20a.m. on May 11, 1921 before the execution.

장기미집행 공원 부지를 활용한 주거 개발 방안

박현정(Park, Hyun-Jung),양우현(Yang, Woo-Hyun) 한국주거학회 2018 한국주거학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this investigation is to propose a planning method for the possibility of accepting a housing as a utilization plan of a long term unexecuted park site. Currently, the park has been neglected due to lack of financial resources of the local government. In 2009, It is possible to develop a certain area as a non-park facility under condition that the park is built and donated. In the several cities, various projects for development of parks are being carried out, so the standard for securing the publicness of the park is needed. So, I would like to solve the problems such as social conflict with existing residents due to privatization of the park site and formation of park without considering the conditions of the park, and to study how to effectively utilize the park. To do this, we examine the conditions such as location condition, proximity to public transportation, site size, topography, and contact conditions. And we will present realization methods such as land use, development density, appropriate development method considering landscape, efficient housing type, and type of community facility.

朝鮮初期 密陽 在地勢力의 淸道移住와 定着過程

朴洪甲(Park, Hong-Gab) 백산학회 2004 白山學報 Vol.- No.70

Since the early Chosun, the Milyang Park’s(밀양박씨) had lived in Cheongdo. It is not discovered yet how Park Gun(朴乾), who had moved first to Cheongdo, had lived. Therefore, I want to explain how Milyang Park’s settled down there and adjusted to it. Park Ik(朴翊), Park Gun’s grandfather, was raised in the native Milyang Park’s family, and held the post of Yea-Jo-Pan-Seo(예조판서). However he retired to this hometown against the foundation of Chosun Dynasty. His four sons were not in the government services, but they held government offices thanks to the will of Park Ik, who died in 1398. The first son, Park Yung(朴融), passed the classical examination and held the post of the governor of KyoungsangDosa(慶尙都事), and this made him closely connected with Cheongdo. As a result, he had his son, Park Gun, marry the daughter of Kim Cheol-sung(金哲誠). This led Park Gun move to Cheongdo where his wife’s family lived. After that, Park Seung-won(朴承元), the son of Park Gun, became Ha Suk-pu’s son in law. At that time, Ha Suk-pu(河叔溥) was the richest person in Cheongdo. However he didn’t have any sons to leave his great estate and slaves to, so Park Seung-won inherited all those estate and slaves. This made the Park’s become stable economically. Both Park Gun’s father and grandfather passed the classical examinations, and both he and his only son, Park Seung-won, passed the military service examinations. Being in the central government services helped them to make the field of their business wider in their hometown. Furthermore, it was a strong backing for the descendants to become Sa-lim(士林), the representatives of that area. At that time, the same families lived together in one village. This story shows how the Milyang Park’s village became the biggest ever.