위암 주위 점막에서 장화생과 Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) 표출과의 관계에 대한 연구

윤석중,강상균,김창진 순천향대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

Stomach carcinoma is the most common tumor in Korea and it's pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated. Through vast histologic studies on the mucosa adjacent to the carcinoma, intestinal metaplasia was known as one of the possible candidates for the precancerous lesion of gastric carcinoma. Moreover, further close relationship between intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma was brought out by several lines of study showing that alpha-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, which are oncofetal protein expressed frequently in malignant tumor or transforming growth factor alpha, which is mitogenic oncoprotein, are expressed in metaplastic mucosa. To investigate the close relationship between intestinal metaplasia(IM) and gastric carcinoma, immunohistochemical expression of carcinoembryonic antigen was studied on the mucosa adjacent to gastric carcinoma(n=90), to peptic ulcer(n=20) and on normal mucosa resected for duodenal ulcer(n=20). The results were as follows; 1. Among 90 gastric carcinomas, type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ intestinal metaplasia were 11(24%), 25(28%) and 32(36%) respectively. 2. CEA was expressed in 45% of type Ⅰ metaplasia, 84% of type Ⅱ metaplasia and 91% of type Ⅲ metaplasia. 3. Among 20 cases of peptic ulcer, 15 cases(75%) showed type Ⅰ metaplasia, while type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ metaplasia were 2 cases(10%) each. 4. CEA was expressed in 80% of type Ⅰ metaplasia, and all 2 cases of type Ⅱ a nd typeⅢ metaplasia showed CEA positivity. 5. Among 20 cases of normal gastric mucosa resected due to duodenal ulcer, type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ metaplasia were found in 13 cases(65%), 3 cases(15%) and 2 cases(10%) respectively. 6. CEA was expressed in 9(69%) among 13 cases of type Ⅰ metaplasia, in 2(67%) among 3 cases of type Ⅱ metaplasia and in all 2(100%) cases of type Ⅲ metaplasia. Above results suggest that the mucosa adjacent to gastric carcinoma show frequent sulphomucin secreting incomplete intestinal metaplasia and most of the metaplastic lesion express CEA, which imply close relationship between sulphomucin secreting intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinogenesis. However, the metaplasia occurred in the mucosa adjacent to peptic ulcer or in normal mucosa resected dor duodenal ulcer showed CEA positivity as well, though the number of cases is not enough. Therefore, further studies on the relationship between sulphomucin secreting intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinoma should be done to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastric carci

공간 데이터에 대한 최근접 질의 처리에 관한 연구

이석균,류승환 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

In spatial database systems, various kinds of queries exist. A frequent type of queries in spatial database systems is the query to find nearest neighbors. Many studies have been performed on processing such queries, and one representative work, which uses index structure of R-tree family, is 「Nearest Neighbor Queries」 by Roussopoulos. However, the algorithm proposed by Roussopoulos has suffered perfomance decrease during searching, since his algorithm does not utilize all the information on the nodes already visited. In this paper, in order to resolve this problem, we present an improved algorithm to find nearest neighbors using a global priority queue. Finally, by experimenting these algorithms on various test data, we show that the performance of our improved algorithm is superior to the Roussopoulos's algorithm.

精神科 入院의 季節的 變動

吳碩煥,朴助烈,裵大均,金錫柱,韓東大,張貞富,柳志珍 大韓神經精神醫學會 1964 신경정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

(1) Authors studied seasonal fluctuation of psychiatric admission preliminarily, based on data of admission to Pusan area for a 4 year period of 1960-1963, and obtained following impressions. (2) The rate of admission in Pusan area and its seasonal fluctuation appear quite similar to those reported by investigators for European, American and Japanese cities. Thus the admission increases in spring and reaches the maximum in May and then gradually decreases toward the end of year. (3) The data obtained by statistical analysis of the seasonal fluctuation in Pusan area were compared with those of foreign ones in order to observe how to be related to the latitude of the locality. It is the general tendency that the lower latitude showed increase of admission in earlier months of the year than the higher latitude did. (4) It is a impression that the admission of affective psychoses are more sensitive to the climatic factors than the schizophrenics. (5) It is conjured by the authors that the socio-cultural and economic factors should be considered to give an account of the seasonal fluctuation of psychiatric admission.

토끼 눈물샘에서 Nitric Oxide Synthase의 면역조직화학적 연구

박경호,이석호,고정식,안의태,박대균 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Endogenous nitric oxide(NO) has been known to regulate many physiological and pathological process, especially the salivary secretion and glandular blood flow. However, nitric oxide synthase(NOS) responsible for NO synthesis has not been well studied in rabbit lacrimal gland. The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of nitric oxide synthase isoforms(endothelial, neuronal, and inducible NOS). Immunohistochemistry, using monoclonal mouse anti-endothelial NOS, anti-neuronal NOS, and anti-inducible NOS, was performed in inferior lacrimal of the rabbit. Endothelial NOS(eNOS)-positive immunoreactivities were observed in arterial endothelia, intralobular ducts and interlobular ducts of the inferior lacrimal gland of the rabbit. eNOS-positive immunoreactivities were most prominent in the interlobular and intralobular ducts. Immunoreactivities were well concentrated in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial duct cells. However, weak eNOS-positive immunoreactivity was observed in the intercalated ducts and vascular endothelial cells. Neuronal NOS(nNOS)-positive immunoreactivity was seen in the nerve fibers of inferior lacrimal gland. nNOS-positive immunoreactivy was not detected in duct systems or in acinar cells. Inducible NOS-positive immunoreactivity was not seen. Especially, the expression of the nNOS in the nerves of lacrimal gland suggest that NO may play a role in modulating tear production. These results reveal the presence of eNOS and nNOS in the lacrimal gland of the rabbit, which may be related with regulation of the glandular secretion and blood flow through the gland.

용인정신병원에 내원한 행려정신질환자들의 특성에 관한 조사

강희찬,오석배,이정균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1986 신경정신의학 Vol.25 No.1

This retrospective survey was designed to investigate the socio-demographic and psychiatric characteristics, and to clarify the tentative course of homeless mentally ill patients. One hundred and twelve homeless mentally ill patients who had been admitted to Yong-In Mental Hospital were selected during the period of March 1983 to Feb.1984. The results were as follows: 1)Sex ratio of the 112 subjects was 1: 1.5. Of these subjects, three-fourths were under 40 and 9 percent were above 50 years old. 2)Fifty-three percent had never married and 24percent already had divorced or seperated. Among above 30 of age, 41 percent had never marred ad 45 percent already had divorced or seperated. Seventy-three percent of men were unmarried. The proportion of divorced of women was higher than that of men. 3)Sixty-seven percent of the subjects were schizophrenia, 7 percent affective disorder, 8 percent alcohol dependency or alcoholic psychosis, 6 percent organic brain syndrome, and 9 percent epilepsy and mental retardation respectively. 4)Eighty five percent had more than two year of morbid duration and most of them took chronic course. 5)Fifty percent had history of previous psychiatric hospitalization, and 46 percent had history of asylum institutionalization. Only 23 percent had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. 6)sixty three percent were hospitalized at Yong-In Mental Hospital over six-months. 7)referral sources at admission of Yong-In Mental Hospital were police, asylum and general hospital which 50 percent by police, 44percent asylum and 6 percent from general hospital. Thirty three percent of the 72 discharged patients were discharged by relatives(including family), and 51 percent have been referred to asylum. 8)The authors compared the characteristics, that of age, sex, marital status, clinical diagnosis, morbid duration admission duration and route of discharge between fresh cases who had no history of psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization. Also the authors compared the characteristics including history of previous psychiatric hospitalization or asylum institutionalization and source of referral between subgroup with relatives and subgroup without relatives.

공극이 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 부재의 휨내력에 미치는 영향에 관한 실물 실험 연구

오명호,김도균,조석희,김한수 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The deterioration ratio of flexural capacity in the beams reinforced with carbon fiber sheets due to the gap between concrete surface and sheet is presented through the experimental study using full-scale members. Experiment results show that bond failure occurred in all specimens. The deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom are 6%, 8% and 11% when the gap ratios are 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. Also, the deterioration ratios of flexural capacity in the specimens reinforced on the bottom and the sides are 5%, 8%, 11% and 16% when the gap ratios are 10%. 20%, 30% and 40%. respectively.

정신분열병 환자에서 Haloperidol이 99m-Tc-ECD SPECT로 측정한 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향

천근아,이종두,민성길,김세주,안석균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.4

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자에서의 뇌혈류량은 약리학적 상태를 포함한 다양한 요소들에 의하여 영향을 받는다. 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 미치는 영향에 관한 많은 연구가 행해져 왔으나 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간, 약물용량의 차이로 인해 다양하고도 상반된 결과를 보여왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물의 종류와 노출기간을 통제한 상태에서 약물 투여시 국소뇌혈류량의 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 항정신병약물 비노출(antipsychotic drug-naive) 정신분열병 환자 18명과 haloperidol을 투여받은 환자 19명을 대상으로 안정 상태(resting state)에서 SPECT를 촬영하여 국소뇌혈류량을 측정한 후 두군 사이의 상대적 뇌혈류량을 비교하였다. Haloperidol은 D2 수용체에 비교적 선택적으로 작용하고 활성대사산물이 적기 때문에 실험약물로 선택되었고 약물노출기간은 1∼3주동안으로 제한하였다. 결 과 : 우측 저측두엽, 좌측 저전두엽, 좌·우측 기저신경절, 좌측 시상에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 halo-peridol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 또한 좌·우측 두정-후두엽과 우측 두정엽에서의 상대적 평균 혈류지표도 haloperidol 투여군에서 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 반면 좌측 저측두엽의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 haloperidol 투여군에서 항정신병약물 비노출군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 그러나 우측 저전두엽, 우측 시상, 좌·우측 고측두엽, 좌·우측 고전두엽, 좌측 두정엽에서 두 군 사이의 상대적 평균 혈류지표는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병 환자에서 항정신병약물이 국소뇌혈류량에 영향을 미치며, 항정신병약물 투여상태가 뇌혈류량 측정시 고려되어야할 중요한 변수임을 시사한다. Objectives : Regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in schizophrenics is confounded by various factors including medication status. Previously, there have been numerous studies regarding the effects of antipsychotics on rCBF. However, these works have shown contradictory and inconsistent findings due to the different of type, dose and exposed duration of antipsychotics. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of antipsychotic medication on rCBF and exposed duration of antipsychotics under control. Methods : Eighteen drug-naive schizophrenics and 19 schizophrenics medicated with halo-peridol were included in the study. Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed with single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) under a resting state. Relative rCBF was compared between two groups. Haloperidol was selected as the antipsychotic drug as it has relatively selective action at the D2 receptor and less active metabolites. Exposed duration was limited from one to three weeks. Results : Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significantly greater increase of relative cerebral perfusion in the right inferior temporal lobe, left inferior frontal lobe, both basal ganglia, left thalamus, both parieto-occipital lobes, and right parietal lobe than drug-naive schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients had a significant decrease of relative cerebral perfusion in left inferior temporal lobe. However, no significant differences in relative rCBF were found between drug-naive and haloperidol-medicated schizophrenic patients in right inferior frontal lobe, right thalamus, both superior temporal lobes, both superior frontal lobes, and left parietal lobe. Conclusion : These findings suggest that antipsychotics affect regional cerebral blood flow, and antipsychotic medication status must be considered in the relative rCBF studies of schizophrenic patients.

Illegal Chinese Fishing in the Yellow Sea: A Korean Officer’s Perspective

Suk Kyoon Kim 이준국제법연구원 2012 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.5 No.2

정신증고위험군의 임상적 특성 및 진단

안석균(Suk Kyoon An) 대한신경정신의학회 2018 신경정신의학 Vol.57 No.3

Early detection is a crucial milestone in the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis, which might alter the course of schizophrenia. Currently, there are two complementary approaches to characterizing the clinical-high risk state of psychosis : the ultra-high risk (UHR) and basic symptoms criteria. Individuals at UHR have two phase-specific problems : heightened risk for the potential pathology of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis and the symptoms, distress and psychosocial functional impairment, which make them seek help. The clinical characteristics of UHR are similar to those of overt psychotic disorders in terms of psychopathological symptoms dimensions, psychosocial disability, neurocognitive and socio-cognitive impairments, history of trauma and abuse experience, lack of protective factors and dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, and the comorbidity of psychiatric illness. Regarding the risk, the pretest risk probability of a psychotic disorder in each high-risk clinic is considered an important factor for predicting the power of an early detection strategy. For the distress and psychosocial disability, the strategies of the therapeutic intervention will be a focus of clinical attention. On the follow-up, one of third of the UHR individuals have sufficient positive symptom to fulfil the at-risk criteria. Most of the UHR individuals have suffered from comorbid psychiatric illness at the times of both baseline and follow-up, and there is no improvement of psychosocial functioning. Currently, it is essential to optimize the early detection and intervention strategy according to the referring and recruitment characteristics of each high-risk clinic in Korean practice situations.

Building a Multilateral Framework to Combat Piracy in Asia : From a Global Governance Perspective 글로벌 거버넌스 관점에서

Kim, Suk-Kyoon 漢陽大學校 行政問題硏究所 2005 行政問題論集 Vol.20 No.-

19세기에 소멸된 것으로 알려진 海賊(piracy) 이 20세기 후반 이래 전혀 새로운 위협이 되고 있다. 한 해 평균 350여 건의 전 세계 해적 중 70% 가 아시아 해역에서 발생할 정도로 해적은 아시아 해상교통의 안전을 위협하는 심각한 문제가 되고 있 다. 운송지연, 조사기관 불신 등의 이유로 해적피해 신고를 기피하는 점을 감안하면 실제 해적발생은 國際海事局(IMB)에 집계된 것 보다 훨씬 많을 것으로 추정된다. 말라카해협 (Malacca Strait) 의 경우 해적으로 인한 직접적인 경제적 피해만 하더라도 년간 4억 5천만불에 이르는 것으로 추산되고 있다. 오늘날의 해적은 자동화기와 첨단장비로 무장하고 수법이 더욱 흉포화, 지능화, 조직화하고 있다. 또한 해적이 테러집단의 資金源과 테러의 수단이 될 수 있다는 우려가 높아지면서 해적은 또한 안보위협 요인이 되고 있다.地域國家(regional states)들의 해적퇴치 노력에도 불구하고 아시아 해역에서 해적은 계속 증가하고 있다. 해상에서 의 超國家犯罪 (transnational crime) 라는 해적의 특성 및 역사적, 법적, 제도적 요인과 국제정치적, 해운업계 요인 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 해적문제 해결을 어렵게 하고 있다. 이러한 문제인식을 가지고 본 논문의 연구목적은 1) 아시아 해역의 해적요인 규명, 2) 해적에 관련된 행위자들의 활동 및 행위자간 관계 분석, 3) 아시아 해적문제 해결을 위한 방안으로서 다자간 협력 틀(multilateral cooperation framework) 의 구축 을 모색하고자 하는 것이다. 해적 요인으로는 l) 유럽식민지 국가의 무역품 약탈을 위한 해적행위가 영예로운 일로 인식되던 역사적 전통과 범행 후 도주와 은신이 유 리한 群島水域,狹水路인 말라카해협의 특성 등 지리적 요인, 2) 해적에 대한 추적권 의 영해선까지만 허용, 국가별 해적에 대한 형량의 상이, 사법 관할권 등을 용이하게 하기 위한 U SA 협약(Converltion for the Suppression of Uulawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation) 의 비준 거부 등의 법, 제도적 요인, 3) 동남아 국가들의 국내 치안 불안,부패,해적 퇴치 의지 미약 등의 정치적 요인, 4) 아시아 국가들간 대립관계인 역사적 유산 및 해양영토를 둘러싼 분챙 등의 국제정치적 요 인, 5) 便宜置籍船(flag of convenience ship) , 다국적 선원, 열악한 해상 근무여건 등 의 해운업계 요인 등 이다. 이들 요인들은 해적 발생의 직접적 원인이 되거나 복합 적으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 해적에 관련된 주요 행위자 (key actors) 를 1) 지역국가, 해상치안 기관, 해군, 세관, 보안, 경찰 등의 법집행기관, 2) 船社,船主, 선원노조, 해운단쳬, 보험회사, 항만 당국 등의 해운업계, 3) 해양 레짐(regime) , 海事組織,旗國,域外國家 등 국제사회, 4) 해적 및 범죄집단 등 네 가지 유형으로 분류하고 행위자들의 활동 과 행위자간 관계를 분석하고 있다. 이중 지역국가(regional States)는 동남아 해역의 해적 빈발 해 역 인근 국가로서 해적 대응을 위 한 치 안비용을 직 접 부담하는 沿岸國 (littoral states) 과 해상교통로를 이용하는 한국, 일본, 중국 등 동아시아 국가와 미국, 유럽 등 域外國家를 포함하는 貿易國(trading states 으로 나눌 수 있다. 각 행위 자간 관계에 있어서 법 집행기관은 해운업계에 대해서는 보호관계이며, 국제사회와는 협력관계인 동시에 상이한 이해관계로 인해 긴장관계를 형성한다. 해운업계는 법 집행기관에 대해 해적에 대한 적극적인 대응을 요구하지만 불신하는 경향이 있다. 국제사회와의 관계에서도 상호의존적임과 동시에 해적 대응을 위한 적극적인 행동을 요구한다. 연안국과 무역국과의 관계에서 연안국은 수익자 부담원칙에 의해 무역국 이 해적퇴치 비용을 분담할 것을 요구한다. 반면에 무역국은 직접적인 비용분담보다 연안국 해역에서 자국선박이 해적피해를 입는 경우 원거리로 인해 대응이 어려운 점 을 고려하여 연안국과의 협력강화 및 연안국의 해상치안 역량강화지원에 역점을 두 고 있다. 네 가지 유형의 행위자중 해적집단을 제외한 反海賊 行爲者간 해적 대응 체제의 문제점으로 1) 다자간 협력체제 부재로 인한 반해적 행위자간 일관성 없는 대응, 2) 반해적 행위자들 보다 해적집단의 상대적 힘의 우위, 3) 법적 제약요인으로 인한 비 효율적인 해적 대응체제, 4) 해적문제 대응을 위한 헤게모니국가와 지역국가들간 협력 메커니즘 부족 등을 들 수 있다. 이와 같이 해적문제는 여러 요인이 결합된 복잡한 문제로서 한 국가의 대응력을 넘어서는 초국가범죄이다. 효과적인 해적 대응을 위해서는 다자간 국제 협력 틀의 구축이 요청된다. 본 연구에서는 글로벌 거버넌스(gobal goverrlance) 시각에서 그 틀을 모색한다. 이를 위해서는 1) 새로운 협력 레짐 구축과 해상치안기관의 역량 강화, 2) 아시아 해사위원회 설치 및 국제 코스트 가드 창설, 3) 협력 및 다자간합동순찰, 4) 해적 예방을 위한 해적 빈발 해역에서 호송 등이다. 이에 소요되는 비용은 " 아시아 해사기금(Asia Maritime Fund) ” 을 설립하여 해적 대응 등 각종 해사활동을 지원하도록 하는 것이다. 재원은 IMO의 선박보유척수에 의한 분담금 방식과, UN의 소득수준에 따른 분담금 방식을 결합하여 정부차원에서 재원을 분담하는 것을 원칙 으로 하고 부차적으로 해운업계의 자발적 참여를 유도한다. Piracy has been endemic for thousands of years in the world's seas. Heavily armed with machine guns and automatic weapons, modern day piracy is quite different from the traditional definition of piracy in terms of its lethality, occurrences, complexity, and scope. A number of factors are blamed for the unsuccessful suppression of piracy in the Asian waters. Chief among them is the absence of a multilateral framework to fight piracy as the enemies of all. Countermeasures put forwardrequire concerted efforts of regional states and the global community. Noting a unusual phenomenon of piracy in Asia, which far outnumbers other continents, this study is focused to unravel a number of questions; 1) what is piracy, and 2) how serious is piracy to the world, and what are the trends of piracy; and 3) what factors contrbute to this uncontrolled transnational crime, and why does piracy continues to rise in this particular region; and 4) what actors are involved in the crime, and what are their relationships; and 5) what are ways to address the issue of piracy in a broad framework.