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조수철,신성웅 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1
All human being can't exist by oneself. That is, all human being depend on intimate attachment for their survival. Physical and psychological powers and control functions are prerequisites for one's survival and these serve important functions in interpersonal relationships. There are two kinds of powers and controls. One is positive power which helps one survive effectively. Another one is e-gative power which disturbs one's effective survival. Introspection is one of the positive power and most important process in understanding oneself and others. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elucidate the physical and psychological meaning of the cha-racteristics of water and based on this meaning, to suggest one way of introspection. The authors reviewed the precept of water which is described in Bible and oriental classical books such as "the Analects of Confuicus (論語) ", "Tao Te Ching (道德經) ", "Mencius (맹자) ", "Chronicle (史記)", "The Doctrine of the Mean (中庸) ", "University (大學) ". The author also reviewed "The History of Three Countries(삼국사기, 삼국유사) ", "The Precept of Religion", and "the modern poems" which includes the symbolic meaning of water. The results are summarized as follows : 1)The flow of water itself is the expression of introspection. Because, water does not flow without filling a puddle. 2)Water is the symbol of "Immortality". 3)Water symbolizes "Modesty and Trust". 4)Water is the symbol of "Freedom from Greed". 5)Water symbolizes "Goodness and Beauty". 6)Water symbolizes "Naturality and Love". Immortality, Modesty and Trust, Freedom from Greed, Goodness and Beauty, and Naturality and Love are eternal, universal values which all human should seek and achieve. By the process of introspection through the symbolic meaning of water, we can achieve these positive aspects of human mind and spirit. KEY WORDS : Water ㆍ Bible ㆍ Oriental classics ㆍ Introspection.
야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로
조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.
조수철,이영식 大韓神經精神醫學會 1990 신경정신의학 Vol.29 No.4
While the previous literature on childhood depression is confusing and contains insufficient and insubstantial research data, recent studies do report that depression in childhood does exist, and the standardized evaluation of children is essential for clinical research. This study I s conducted to develop the Korean form of the "Kovacs' children's Depression Inventory" and carries the following four main purposes : 1) To test the reliability of the CDI by means of test-retest reliability, split-half reliability, item0total correlations and internal consistency. 2) To investigate the factor structure of depression among normal Korean children. 3) To examine the differences of response to self-report questionnaire depending on age and sex. 4) To compare the severity of depression of Korean children with that of foreign children. The results summarized as follows : 1) Two week test-retest(coefficient r=0.71, p<0.001), mean of item-total correlations (coefficient r=0.44, p<0.001) were acceptable, and CDI turned out to be an internally consistent instrument(coefficient r=0.88, p<0.001). 2) Factor analysis using vari-max rotation yielded eight factors. 3) Among school-aged normal children(from 4th to 6th grade), the scores were not(or minimally) related to the respondent's age and sex. 4) The mean scores of CDI of Korean children were higher than those of the foreign children. These results indicate that firstly, "Korean form of the Kovacs' Children's Depression Inventory is a reliable instrument, secondly, the structure of depression in Korean children is multidimensional, hardly, this instrument may be used in different school-aged children, and lastly, the cut-off points to make a diagnosis of childhood depression may be different from those of foreign children. The authors suggest that future research should be directed to get normative data using various populations including clinic population, and concurrent use of "Children's Depression Rating Scale" of Lang and Tisher, "Children's Depression Rating Scale" of Poznanski or "School-age Depression Listed Investory" of Petti and Law will further validate this instrument.