광조사 방식이 복합레진의 중합과 누출에 미치는 영향

박종진,박정원,박성호,박주명,권태경,김성교 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.2

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light irradiation modes on polymerization shrinkage, degree of cure and microleakage of a composite resin. VIP^™ (Bisco Dental Products, Schaumburg, IL, USA) and Optilux 501^™(demetron/ Kerr, Danbury, CT, USA) were used for curing Filtek^™ Z-250(3M Dental Products, St. Paul., MN, USA) composite resin using following irradiation modes: VIP^™ (Bisco) 200mW/cm^2 (V2), 400mW/cm^2 (V4), 600mW/cm^2 (V6), Pulse-delay (200 mW/cm^2 3 seconds, 5 minutes wait, 600mW/cm^2 30seconds, VPD) and Optilux 501^™ (Demetron/Kerr) C-mode (OC), R-mode (OR). Linear polymerization shrinkage of the composite specimens were measured using Linometer (R&B, Daejeon, Korea) for 90 seconds for V2, V4, V6, OC, OR groups and for up to 363 seconds for VPD group (n=10, each). Degree of conversion was measured using FTIR spectrometer (IFS 120 HR, Bruker Karlsruhe, Germany) at the bottom surface of 2 mm thick composite specimens. V2, V4, V6, OC groups were measured separately at five irradiation times (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 seconds) and Or, VPD groups were measured in the above mentioned irradiation modes (n=5, each). Microhardness was measured using Digital microhardness tester (FM7, Future-Tech Co., Tokyo, Japan) at the top and bottom surfaces of 2mm thick composite specimens after exposure to the same irradiation modes as the test of degree of conversion(n=3, each). For the microleakage test, class V cavities were prepared on the distal surface of the ninety extracted human third molars. The cavities were restored with one of the following irradiation modes: V2/60 seconds. V4/40 seconds, V6/30 seconds, VPD, OC and OR. Microleakage was asessed by dye penetration along enamel and dentin marigns of cavities. Mean polymerization shrinkage, mean degree of conversion and mean microhardness values for all groups at each time were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and using chisquare test for microleakage values. The results were as follows: ·Polymerization shrinkage was increased with higher light intensity in groups using VIP^™(Bisco) : the highset with 600mW/cm^2, followed by Pulse-delay, 400mW/cm^2 and 200mW/cm^2 groups. The degree of polymerization shrinkage was higher with Continuous mode than with Ramp mode in groups using Optilux 501^™ (Demetron/Kerr). ·Degree of conversion and microhardness values were higher with higher light intensity. The final degree of conversion was in the range of 44.7 to 54.98% and the final microhardness value in the range of 34.10 to 56.340. ·Microleakage was greater in dentin margin than in enamel margin. Higher light intensity showed more microleakage in dentin margin in groups using VIP^™ (Bisco). The microleakage was the lowest with Continuous mode in enamel margin and with Ramp mode in dentin margin when Optilux 501^™ (Demetron/Kerr) was used.

국립공원 아고산대 독립훼손지 복원식생 분포특성 및 관리방안

김종엽(Jong-Yup Kim),윤주웅(Ju-Ung Yun),한봉호(Bong-Ho Han),곽정인(Jeong-In Kwak),박석철(Seok-Cheol Park),박수영(Su Young Park),정원옥(Won-Ok Jeong) 국립공원연구원 2022 국립공원연구지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 독립훼손지 중 아고산대에 위치한 지리산국립공원 세석평전과 노고단 복원식생지를 대상으로 현존식생 분석 및 식생분포 특성을 파악하여 중장기적인 모니터링 및 관리방안 수립을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 현존식생 조사범위는 훼손지 일대 유역권분포 현황을 고려하여 설정하였으며, 세석평전 조사면적은 55,037㎡, 노고단 조사면적은 166,599㎡ 이었다. 세석평전은 초본층에 의한 식생피복도는 90% 이상 수준으로서 나지노출이 없었고, 관목층의 피복도가 60% 이상으로 안정화되어 있었다. 주요 출현수종은 구상나무, 사스래나무, 쇠물푸레나무, 철쭉, 털진달래, 붉은병꽃나무 등 식재수종과 자연적으로 이입한 자생수종이 생육하고 있었다. 노고단은 신갈나무, 호랑버들, 철쭉, 털진달래, 미역줄나무 등이 우점하는 관목식생지가 52%로 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었고, 전반적으로 식생활착 상태가 양호하였다. 노고단의 원식생은 신갈나무군락으로 추정되었고, 군부대철거지에는 귀화식물이 분포하고 있기 때문에 적극적인 관리가 필요하였다. 연구대상지는 장기적으로 주변 자연식생과 조화로운 식생경관으로 발달할 것으로 예측되었다. 향후 훼손지 복원모델은 인근 지역의 원식생을 고려하여 설정해야 할 것이지만, 복원 달성 목표는 실현가능한 수준의 목표를 설정해야 할 것이다. This study was conducted to provide basic data for mid-to long-term monitoring and establishment of management plans by analyzing the existing vegetation and identifying the vegetation distribution characteristics for the restored vegetation in Nogodan and Seseokpyeongjeon in Jirisan National Park located in the subalpine zone among the independent damaged areas. Actual vegetation survey range was established in consideration of the distribution of the watershed around the damaged area. The surveyed area of Seseokpyeongjeon was 55,037㎡, and the surveyed area of Nogodan was 166,599㎡. In Seseokpyeongjeon, the vegetation coverage by the herbaceous layer was almost 90% or more, there was no bare exposure, and the coverage of the shrub layer was stabilized at 60% or more. The main emerging tree species were planted species such as Abies koreana, Betula ermanii, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Weigela florida as well as natively migrated native species. In Nogodan, the shrub vegetation dominated by Quercus mongolica, Salix caprea, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum, and Tripterygium regelii was the most widely distributed with 52% of the area, and the overall diet was good. The native vegetation of Nogodan was presumed to be a cypress colony. Naturalized plants were distributed in the military base demolition site, so active management was required. The study site was predicted to develop into a vegetation landscape in harmony with the surrounding natural vegetation in the long term. In the future, the restoration model for damaged areas should be set in consideration of the native vegetation of the nearby area, but the goal to achieve restoration should be set at a feasible level.

[논문]Operational Characteristics of CO2 Laser Adopted by Superposing-Discharge

Hee-Je Kim,Hyun-Ju Chung,Byoung-Dae Min,Jong-Han Joung,Sung- lun Park 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2003 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.62 No.-

오늘날 현저한 CO2 레이저의 응용 추세에 발맞추어 보다 다양한 형태의 출력 제어 기술이 대두되고 있다. 본연구에서는multi-Pulse Superposing-Discharge 기술을 이용하여 다양한형태의 CO2 레이저의 펄스를 성형 하였다. 펄스 성형을 위한 방법으로 PIC one-chip microprocessor를 이용하여 삼중 PFN 모률의 SCR을 각각 고유의 지연시간을 가지도록 제어하였다. 실험에 사용된 삼중 PFN 모률의 전원 회로는 각각 캐패시터 인덕터,SCR,고압 펄스 트랜스 그리고 고압 트랜스 2차측에 브릿지 정류기로 구성 하였다. 고압 펼스 트랜스의 1차측을 제어하므로서 PFN 모률의 동작을 저 전압에서 수행 할 수 있다. 트랜스의 2차측에 연결된 전파 정류기는 펄스 에너지를 부하에 지속적으로 전달한다. 본 연구에서는 삼중 PFN 모률의 각각의 SCR을 다른 시간 가격을 두고 트리거 하므로서 다양한 Long pulse shaping을 실현하였다. 또한 약 250-1000μs 의 주기를 가지는 다양한 펄스형 레이저 빔을 얻었다.

원광의대 부속 제 2병원 신경정신과 환자에 대한 통계적 고찰

박민철,김종주,박남진,오상우,권혁일,권영숙,박종호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1986 圓光醫科學 Vol.2 No.2

We examined 1,856 patients who visited Won Kwang Neuropsychiatric hospital since July 11 of 1984(since the hospital opened) until June 11 of 1986. We researched diagnostic and other distributions of inpatients and outpatients. The study revealed as follows : 1. Of total patients males visited this hospital more than females as 52.7%. Most of them(67.1 %) resided in Iri, Iksan and Kimje. In the point of insurance, insured patients and uninsured patients except medicaids were 73 %. Males(60%) were more insured medically than females (55.4%). While insured patients relatively resided in urban area, but uninsured patients except medicaids did in rural area. 2. Of outpatients neurotic disorder was the most as 35.1%, secondly schizophrenic disorder and thirdly affective disorder, but of inpatients schizophrenic disorder was the most as 41.4%, secondly neurotic disorder thirdly affective disorder. 3. Alcohol abuse (98.2 %), paranoid disorder, convulsive disorder and child mental disorder were mostly found in males, but neurotic disorder (59 .6 %), affective disorder and other psychotic disorder were mostly found in females. 4. In unmarried ones schizophrenic disorder ( 43 .6 %), neurotic disorder, other psychotic disorder were common, but in married ones neurotic disorder (55.1 %), schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder were common. 5. On the distribution of age schizophrenic disorder was found the most in the twenties (28.4 %), next in the thirties and in the forties, but neurotic disorder was found the most in the thirties, next in the twenties and in the forties. 6. On the distribution of age at onset schizophrenic disorder develops mostly during the twenties (45.5 %), secondly during the teens and thirdly during the thirties, but neurotic disorder develops mostly during the thirties and the twenties (53.1 %). 7. On the duration of hospitalization 34.4% of the patients was hospitalized during less than 15 days, 22.0% during 60-90 days and 80.4% during less than 3 months. 8. In the result of treatment 41.2% of the patients was improved and 31.7% a little improved. In total 72.9% of the patients got helped therapeutically.

뇌혈관질환과 심근경색증에 관련된 요인의 비교분석

박종구,김헌주,박금수,이성수,장세진,이은경 연세대학교 원주의과대학 1994 원주의대논문집 Vol.7 No.1

주파수의존형 전자근관장측정기의 정확도에 관한 연구

박주현,노병덕,이승종 大韓齒科保存學會 1996 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.21 No.1

발달성 고관절 이형성증 환자에 발생된 고도의 탈구에 대한 전자하부 단축 절골술을 통한 인공고관절 치환

박명식,서동주,박종혁,오상수,황병연 대한고관절학회 2004 Hip and Pelvis Vol.16 No.1

창녕지역 농촌생활용수 암반지하수의 수질과 분포암석과의 관계연구

박현주,박종남,이재경,박인석 東亞大學校 環境問題硏究所 2005 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

As of the end of 2001, even though about 89% of the population throughout the country are blessed with water service, areas of seashore, island and parts of inland are still in difficulties with drinking water. For this reason, the water resources project for stable supply by developing groundwater has been conducted since 1992, under the auspices of Ministry of Agriculture & Froestry. As of 2003, a total of 594 project areas have been completed in the Gyeongsang Province by the KARICO Gyeongnam Branch. Among these, 60 samples in the Changyeong area developed since 1999, were chosen for chemical analysis of groundwater developed in varieties of rock. As a result, there appears excess fluorine in the granite, gneiss and diorite in this area. Correlation analysis between rock type and groundwater chemistry show that the fluorine has high correlation with Fe and aluminum in diorite, and nitrate nitrogen in the andesite rock, while hardness, total solids and SO^(2-)_(4) have high correlations each other not only in sedimentary rocks but also in all other types of rocks. It has been known that the TDS (fluorine, hardness, total solids, and SO^(2-)_(4)) of groundwater increase with depth due to water rock interaction by increasing the amount of pumping rate at the well. However, in this study, the well depth and groundwater chemistry show little correlation in between. This may be partly due to limited number of samples used in the study with a total of 46 points suitable for drinking water. It may be thought that well distributed sampling points with more samples throughout the whole area should be collected for analysis, so as to increase reliability in the result.

培養鷄胚筋細胞分化에 미치는 細胞融合促進物質의 영향

朴映淳,朴鍾君,金賢玉,金鍾鎬,李東燁,金完柱 圓光大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.22 No.2

培養鷄胚筋細胸 分化에 미치는 促進物質의 영향을 알아보고자 2가양이온 (Ca2+, Mg2+) 胸胚抽出物 (EE), polyethylene glycol (PEG), 再生中인 도마뱀 (Lacertilia)꼬리 추출물 (BE)을 처리하여 細胸融合指數를 비교 조사하였다. 정상배양시의 細胸融合指數는 배양시작 70 시간에 최대에 달했으며 더이상 증가하지 않았고, Ca2+와 Mg2+ 처리할 경우에는 농도가 증가할수록 細胸融合指數는 저하되고, 근세포의 굵기도 정상세포보다 가늘고 핵이 모여있었다. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)와 Blastemata Extract (BE) 처리군에서는 대조구와 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 鷄胚抽出物 (EE) 을 筋細胞分化에 필수적이나 과량으로 添加시에는 細胞融合은 억제되고 세포수는 증가되는것으로 나타났다. To study the effects of promoting factors on the differentiation of muscle cells, chick embryonic myoblasts were cultured with divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) Chick embryo extract (EE), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) and Blastema extract of Lacertilia (BE). Fusion index and Growth ratio were measured at various culture time. The fusion index of normal myoblast culture was reached maximum at 70 hours and the divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+) treated groups were decreased at higher concentration. The cellular formation of myoblasts treated with divalent cations was thiner and more aggregated between nuclei than that of normal myoblasts calture was. When polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Blastema extract of Lacertilia (BE) were treated to the myoblasts, tha fusion indices were similar to the control. Embryo Extract (EE) was seemed to be necessary for the fusion of chick embryonic myoblasts in culture, however, when excess of EE was added the fusion index was decreased and the number of cells was increased.

정신질환자 수용시설환자의 정신과적 입원치료 경험 유무에 따른 비교연구

박민철,오상우,권혁일,박남진,김종주 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1986 圓光醫科學 Vol.2 No.2

We have visited the asylums in Chollapukdo for two months since March of 1985. We conducted a comparative study between the patients who has been previously hospitalized and who has not been hospitalized for psychiatric problems. We individually interviewed 489 patients using the interview schedule. The results are shown as follows: 1. The group who were young, single and highly educated have been more hospitalized than the groups who were old, married and little educated. However, no significant difference was made by sex and districts. 2. The group who lived alone or were deserted from the family has been rarely hospitalized. 3. The group, who has been entered the asylum by the family or who explained the reason as treatment, has been more hospitalized previously than the group entered by the others or who said that they came due to alcohol. 4. While the group who has been hospitalized showed tendency to accept having their psychiatric disorders, but the group who has not been hospitalized showed tendency to deny having their disorders. 5. The group who named their disorders psychoses or schizophrenia has been more hospitalized than the group who named them alcoholics. 6. The group hospitalized previously has been also treated in other ways besides psychiatric treatment, and chronic patients with the duration of more than three years has been relatively hospitalized previously. 7. While the group who has been previously hospitalized was relatively indicated for hospitalization, but the other group was not relatively indicated.