퍼지 제어기를 이용한 차량의 자율주차 시뮬레이션

박재현,김승철,한창훈,박종오,임영도 東亞大學校 附設 情報通信硏究所 1998 情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

In a case of driving beginnners, it is very difficult to park a car perfectly because driver's knowledge makes more errors than intelligent mechanism when they are performed repeatedly. However skilled drivers be of experienced knowledge are able to park a car quickly. In this paper, we analyzed driving patterns of skilled drivers, designed the fuzzy controller to park based on it, and perform auto-parking simulation of a car using that controller.

측모두부방사선사진과 측면얼굴사진 중첩 시 적합도에 관한 연구

박지영,이기헌,황현식,이종석 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2003 구강과학 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study was to compare the geometric displacement between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. For the present study, 52 subjects with Angle Class I occlusion and no severe skeletal discrepancy were selected. The Head Posture Aligner and the standardized camera set up were adopted to obtain photographs and radiographs in a standardized manner. Six metal markers were placed on the subject's right side face representing Glabella (G), Zygoma (Zy), Philtrum (Ph), Soft tissue Gonion (Go'), Soft tissue Pogonion (Pog'), Soft tissue Menton (Me') before taking the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. The 14 linear, 28 angular, and 5 area differences were measured after superimposition of the radiograph and photograph using nose and upper lip as a reference on the Image Analyzer. The paired t-test and the percentage of differences were used to compare the geometric displacement of metal markers between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph. Through the statistical analysis, the following results were obtained. 1. When the linear measurements were compared between the lateral photograph and radiograph, the measurements related to Zy and Go' except Zy-Me' and Go'-Ph showed significant differences on both images. 2. On the angular comparison, the overall measurements except Me'-Ph-Pog', Ph-Pog'-Me', Ph-Me'-Pog', G-Me'-Ph, Me'-G-Ph. Ph-Go'-Pog', Go'-Zy-Me' and G-Go'-Me' showed significant differences on both images and especially the measurements related to Zy showed greater difference. 3. In area measurements, the overall measurements except G-Zy-Go' showed enlargement of the radiograph. 4. On the superimposition of the radiograph and photograph, the measurements related to the profile tended to be well matched. However, Zy on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced downward and backward more than Zy on the photograph. Furthermore Go' on the lateral radiograph tended to be displaced upward and backward more than Go' on the photograph. The results suggested that the precise superimposition between the lateral cephalometric radiograph and photograph was not feasible due to differences in enlargement.

充塡複極槽에 의한 黃酸구리및窒酸카드뮴 廢液의 電解處理 (Ⅰ)

朴勝祚,崔鍾楨,張哲鉉 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.1

The objective of this study is to review charateristics of mono and bipolar electrolytic cell in various packing materials, applied valtages and material size. In this paper, we were investigated in the case of the electrolysis of CuSO₄ and Cd(NO₃)₂ solution under different conditions. When the electrolysis was carried out in the cell packed activated carbon from coconut shell, the reaction rate and particile size were increased, the reaction rate increased and metal deposited on packed material. The electrolytic treatment efficiency was over 98% when electrolysis were carried out at 20 voltages during 3 hours.

비수도권 대학생 임대주거 실태 및 요구

박경옥, 송민경, 이종현 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2013 생활과학연구논총 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to propose the renal housing policy direction for undergraduates based on their actual rental housing conditions and needs who reside in non capital area. For the study, questionnaires were answered by 315 undergraduates of 3 universities who reside in rental housings in Cheongju-city. Major findings were as follows: (1) Most of undergraduate rental housings had the size from 12㎡ to 29㎡ and from 29㎡ to 41㎡, were multi-household studio type with room+bath+kitchen, and were typically monthly rent payment. (2) The needs of rental housings were the same as present residence. The possible monthly rent were mostly 300 thousand won, and the most preferred distance was under 10 minute walk from university. The assistance policy that undergraduates need was firstly the central/local governments' refurbished housing supply near university with low rent, and then deposited housing supply for undergraduates by LH corporation.

골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 중심위 변위가 두부 방사선 계측치에 미치는 영향

박양수,김종철,황현식 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 중심교합상태의 두부 방사선 사진과 MPI 수치를 이용하여 중심위로 전환한 두부 방사선 사진(Centrically related cephalometrics)를 계측하여 중심위 변위시 유의한 계측치 변화가 있는지 확인하고자 시행되었다. 교정치료의 경험이 없는 25명의 Ⅲ급 부정교합군과 25명의 정상교합군을 대상으로 하여, 중심교합위 상태의 측모 두부 방사선 사진과 중심위 및 중심교합위 기록을 채득하고, 모형을 SAMⅡ 교합기에 부착하였다. 중심위 변위량은 MPI(Mandibular Position Indicator)를 이용하여 계측하였으며, MPI 수치와 중심교합위 상태의 측모 두부 방사선 사진의 투사도를 이용하여 Conversion work sheet상에서 중심위 전환을 시행하였다. 두부 상사선 계측 항목은 하악골의 위치와 관계되는 것을 선택하였다. 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 중심위와 중심교합위간의 계측치 변화를 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 하악 과두에서의 중심위 변위량은 정상교합군에서 전후방 변위량(ΔX)0.56±0.50mm, 수직적 변위량(ΔZ) -0.61±0.53mm였으며, Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 전후방 변위량 (ΔX) 0.093±0.77mm, 수직적 변위량(ΔZ) -0.64±0.89mm로, 두군 보두 후하방 변위양상을 나타냈다. Ⅲ급 부정교합군에서 정상교합군보다 전후방 변위량이 더 크게 나타났으나 통계학적인 유의성은 없었다. 2. 중심교합위와 중심위 두부 방사선 사진의 계측치를 비교해 본 결과 정상 교합군에서 ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity, ODI 등의 항목이 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. Ⅲ급 부정 교합군에서는 ANB, Facial angle, facial convexity, ODI, SNB, APDI, L1-FP 등 유의한 차이를 보이는 항목이 더 많았고 유의성도 더 높게 나타났다. 3. 두부 방사선 사진의 계측치 변화는 중심위 변위와는 연관성이 있었으나, 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군에 대한 연관성이 없었다. 이상의 결과는 중심의 변위량이 임상적으로 재현할 수 있는 중심위 위치에서 정상적으로 변위되는 양보다 큰 경우 중심위는 교정 환자에서 적절한 진단과 치료 계획 수립을 위한 기준 점으로 고려되어야 함을 시사하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate if there were a significant difference between cephalometric measurements of mandibular position derived from a centric occlusion tracing compared to those of a converted centric relation tracing in the Class Ⅲ malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 ClassⅢ malocclusion and 25 normal occlusion persons who had no orthodontic treatment. The records included an lateral cephalometrics in centric occlusion, centric relation and centric occlusion bite registration and diagnostic casts mounted on the SAM Ⅱ articulator in CR. The amount of CR-CO discrepancy of condyle was recorded using a MPI(Mandibular Position Indicator, MPI 200, Great Lakes Orthodontics, USA). The conversion of the CO cephalogram to CR using the MPI readings was performed on the Conversion work sheet. Measures of mandibular position were chosen for the purpose of this study. The comparison of the difference between CO and CR cephalometric measurements in the normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion group were studied. The results were as follows: 1. In the features of CR-CO discrepancy of the condyle, the condyle was displaced posterior and inferior when the teeth were in centric occlusion. The horizontal component(ΔX) in Class Ⅲ malocclusion group was greater than the vertical component(ΔX) and also greater than the horizontal component(ΔZ) in normal occlusion group. There was no statistically significant correlation between MPI measurements and the groups of normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion group. 2. In the comparison of the cephalometric measurements in each group, Normal occlusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity and ODI. ClassⅢ malocclusion group showed significant difference in measurements such as ANB, Facial angle, Facial convexity, OEI, SNB, APDI, L1-FP and it had more significance than the normal occlusion group. 3. The Value of cephalometric measurements was significantly different between CO and CR but there were no differences between the groups of normal occlusion and Class Ⅲ malocclusion. The results of this study suggest that if the discrepancies are greater than the amount of normal displacement from clinically captured centric relation, centric relation should be considered as the starting point for proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)의 변이원성 검정

박종천,이용탁,송현철,이우범 國立麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2004 環境硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The mutagenicity of six kinds of VOCs(benzene, m.p-xylene, chloroform, toluene, methylethylketone, 1,2-dichloroethane) detected in high concentration and frequency in Kwangyang Bay was investigated. VOCs are water-insoluble and volatile. Therefore, when they are tested by the classical Ames test in the assay of mutagenicity, there may be experimental errors. To overcome this limitation, modified Ames test was used to assay mutagenicity of VOCs. By this modified Ames test, we could obtain much more satisfactory results. Even at extremely low concentration(0.0001㎍/㎖). bezene, m,p-xylene, and methylethylketone showed a weak mutagenicity. When S-9 mixture is added in the assay system, all tested VOCs except methylethylketone showed mutagenicity. When Salmonclla typhimurium TA 98 and Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 are exposed to VOCs of high concentration(100㎍/㎖). the number of colony decreased irrespective of the S-9 mixture treatment. It seem to be that the decrement results from the toxic effect of high concentration of VOCs.

조도 제어용 ASK 및 FSK 전력선 모뎀의 성능 평가

박종연,최현희 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2008 정보통신논문지 Vol.12 No.-

In this paper, two type of power line modems are evaluated to realize the lamp control system using the power line communication. One is FSK modem using DS/SS and the other is the manchester coded ASK modem. Both modems apply (7,4) hamming code to correct errors. There are two kinds of used loads ; the electronic ballast and the magnetic ballast. The Electronic ballast is for a 250Watt HID lamp, a 50watt florescent lamp and a 50watt induction lamp. The Magnetic ballast is for a 250watt HID lamp. Bit errors are measured between the main modem and the ASK or the FSK sub-modems in loads at equal distances. As a result, it is estimated that the FSK modem is more appropriate than the ASK modem in terms of the lamp dimming system. And we also concluded that the (7,4) hamming code is not suitable for ASK application In the lamp control system.

외과적 보조의 급속상악확장술 : 치험 5예 REPORT OF 5 CASES

박충열,이용욱,송종운,김영운,박홍주,오희균,유선열,이기현,황현식 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.1

Five adults (3 cases of bilateral posterior crossbite, 2 cases of unilateral posterior crossbite) with intermaxillary discrepancy of over 5㎜ due to maxillary transverse deficiency were treated by surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME). Bilateral maxillary horizontal osteotomies, osteotomies of pterygomaxillary junction and anterior lateral nasal wall, ans anterior palatal osteotomy were performed in 4 cases, and unilateral osteotomies in 1case, followed by palatal expansion with tooth-borne orthopedic applicance. No significant complication was observed. The mean palatal expansion was 7.2㎜ (5.8∼10.0㎜) in the maxillary first molar region. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (5 months∼8 years 7 months), no recurrence of crossbite was observed in all cases. The SARME seemed to be a simple, stable, and reliable procedure for achieving a permanent increase of over 5㎜ in skeletal maxillary transverse width of adults.

고령 폐결핵환자(60세 이상)에서의 방사선학적 소견

박정희,진용현,임종남 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

In this elderly patients, incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is very high because of the decreased function of the body immune system and combined diseases. We analysed radiographic findings of 51 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to compare with the typical findings of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis in the adult over 60 years old. The typical location of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis is the apicoposterior segment of the upper lobe and the superior segment of the lower lobe. But in elderly patients of our study, 38cases(76%) showed lesions also in atypical location such as the anterior segment of the upper lobe, the middle lobe, or the basal segments of the lower lobe. Also 36cases(72%) showed multilobar extents, 30cases(59%) showed unusual findings and 26cases(52%) showed multiple cavities and in 19 cases(38%), differential diagnosis with lung cancer was difficult. Especially in patients with diabetes mellitus, involvement of the anterior segment of the upper lobe was significantly high compared with the patients without DM.

급성 신부전증을 초래한 Wegener씨 육아종증 1례

박일,임영국,최성도,임현성,정종훈,문철웅 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

호흡기 증상과 급성신부전증이 발생된 환자에서 혈액검사, 혈청학적 검사, 방사선학적 검사, ANCA test 및 신생검을 통하여 Wegener씨 육아종증을 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 본질환이 재발하는 경우는 cyclophosphamide에서 azathioprine으로 치료약을 바꾸었을때나 특히 ANCA 반응이 양성으로 지속시 발생한다. Godman과 Churg는 상기도의 괴사성 육아성 병변, 하기도의 괴사성 혈관염, 국한성 신사구체염을 진단의 지표로 삼았다. 특히 상기도 점막의 생검 소견상 괴사성 육아성 혈관염이 보이면 일단 본 증을 의심하고 폐 생검과 신 생검이 필요로 한다. Wegener's Granulomatosis is an uncommon disease which is characterized by granulomatous vasculitis of both lung and kidney. Although the cause is unknown, it's suggesting that disordered immunity with both antibody and cell-mediated tissue damage occurs. The disease affects patients of any age. Characteristic clinical manifestations are diverse but in clude saddle nose deformity, sinusitis, productive coughing, myalgia, fever etc. Characteristic laboratory abnormalities include elevated ESR, neutrophilic leukocytosis, anemia and positive test for ANCA test. Renal biopsy is important for diagnosis. The treatment of choice is a combination of corticosteroid and cytotoxic agent. A53-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of productive coughing, short of breathing, oliguria, nausea, and vomiting. Three months ago, she was suffered from general weakness, poor appetite, tingling sensation on extremity, and loosely stool. Twenty days ago, above symptoms were aggravated, she admitted local clinic. Six days ago, because of CBC showed anemia , she was done transfusion. During transfusion, she was developed urticaha then productive coughing, dyspnea, increased serum BUN and creatinine levels. She was transferred to our hospital under the impression of ARF. On the admission, she was chronic ill-looking appearance with pale conjunctiva, tachypnea, dyspnea, and cold sweating. We have checked the patient by CBC, serum and serologic test, X-ray, ANCA test, renal biopsy. With renal biopsy microscopic examination study revealed necrotizing vasculitis, We treated a combination therapy with methyl-PDS and cyclophosphamide. She had a good response. So we report wegener's granulomatosis with the review of relevant literature.