Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla

Seung-Yeol Na,Ki-Hwan Kim,Mi-Sung Choi,Kang-Su Ha,Dong-Yoon Lim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to 30 μg/ml), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine (1 μM, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine (2 μM, a muscarinic M₁ receptor antagonist), Ki14625 (10 μM, an LPA_1/3 receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger), a nicardipine (1 μM, a voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channel blocker), TMB-8 (1 μM, an intracellular Ca²⁺antagonist), and perfusion of Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a Ca²⁺chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside (100 μM, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA (0.3~3 μM, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 (10 μM). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin (3 μg/ml). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ increase by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ influx as well as by the inhibition of Ca²⁺ uptake into the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the Ca²⁺ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.

Are Spinal GABAergic Elements Related to the Manifestation of Neuropathic Pain in Rat?

Jaehee Lee,Seung Keun Back,Eun Jeong Lim,Gyu Chong Cho,Myung Ah Kim,Hee Jin Kim,Min Hee Lee,Heung Sik Na 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.2

Impairment in spinal inhibition caused by quantitative alteration of GABAergic elements following peripheral nerve injury has been postulated to mediate neuropathic pain. In the present study, we tested whether neuropathic pain could be induced or reversed by pharmacologically modulating spinal GABAergic activity, and whether quantitative alteration of spinal GABAergic elements after peripheral nerve injury was related to the impairment of GABAergic inhibition or neuropathic pain. To these aims, we first analyzed the pain behaviors following the spinal administration of GABA antagonists (1Ռg bicuculline/rat and 5Ռg phaclofen/rat), agonists (1Ռg muscimol/rat and 0.5Ռg baclofen/rat) or GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitors (20Ռg NNC-711/rat and 1Ռg SNAP-5114/rat) into naïve or neuropathic animals. Then, using Western blotting, PCR or immunohistochemistry, we compared the quantities of spinal GABA, its synthesizing enzymes (GAD65, 67) and its receptors (GABA_A and GABA_B) and transporters (GAT-1, and -3) between two groups of rats with different severity of neuropathic pain following partial injury of tail-innervating nerves; the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. Intrathecal administration of GABA antagonists markedly lowered tail-withdrawal threshold in naïve animals, and GABA agonists or GAT inhibitors significantly attenuated neuropathic pain in nerve-injured animals. However, any quantitative changes in spinal GABAergic elements were not observed in both the allodynic and non-allodynic groups. These results suggest that although the impairment in spinal GABAergic inhibition may play a role in mediation of neuropathic pain, it is not accomplished by the quantitative change in spinal elements for GABAergic inhibition and therefore these elements are not related to the generation of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury.

Resveratrol Inhibits Nicotinic Stimulation-Evoked Catecholamine Release from the Adrenal Medulla

Seong-Chang Woo,Gwang-Moon Na,Dong-Yoon Lim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2008 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.12 No.4

Resveratrol has been known to possess various potent cardiovascular effects in animal, but there is little information on its functional effect on the secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the perfused model of the adrenal medulla. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of resveratrol on the CA secretion from the isolated perfused model of the normotensive rat adrenal gland, and to elucidate its mechanism of action. Resveratrol (10∼100ՌM) during perfusion into an adrenal vein for 90 min inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), high K⁺ (a direct membrane-depolarizer, 56 mM), DMPP (a selective neuronal nicotinic N_n receptor agonist, 100ՌM) and McN-A-343 (a selective muscarinic M₁ receptor agonist, 100ՌM) in both a time- and dose- dependent fashion. Also, in the presence of resveratrol (30ՌM), the secretory responses of CA evoked by veratridine 8644 (an activator of voltage-dependent Na⁺ channels, 100ՌM), Bay-K-8644 (a L-type dihydropyridine Ca²⁺ channel activator, 10ՌM), and cyclopiazonic acid (a cytoplasmic Ca²⁺-ATPase inhibitor, 10ՌM) were significantly reduced. In the simultaneous presence of resveratrol (30ՌM) and L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, 30ՌM), the CA secretory evoked by ACh, high K⁺, DMPP, McN-A-343, Bay-K-8644 and cyclopiazonic acid were recovered to a considerable extent of the corres</SUP>ponding control secretion compared with the inhibitory effect of resveratrol alone. Interestingly, the amount of nitric oxide (NO) released from the adrenal medulla was greatly increased in comparison to its basal release. Taken together, these experimental results demonstrate that resveratrol can inhibit the CA secretory responses evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors, as well as by direct membrane-depolarization in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. It seems that this inhibitory effect of resveratrol is exerted by inhibiting an influx of both ions through Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels into the adrenomedullary cells as well as by blocking the release of Ca²⁺ from the cytoplasmic calcium store, which are mediated at least partly by the increased NO production due to the activation of NO synthase.

논에서 우분액비 시용이 총체보리 및 이탈리안 라이그라스의 생산성과 사료가치 및 환경오염에 미치는 영향

최기춘,나상필,정민웅,임영철,박형수,김종근,김원호,김맹중,최기준,김명화,이상락,김다혜,육완방,Choi, Ki-Choon,Na, Sang-Pil,Jung, Min-Woong,Lim, Young-Chul,Park, Hyung-Su,Kim, Jong-Geun,Kim, Won-Ho,Kim, Maeng-Jung,Choi, Gi-Jun,Kim, Myeong-Hwa,L 한국축산환경학회 2012 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2

본 연구는 논에서 조사료 생산을 위한 작부형태별 우분액비의 시용효과를 규명하기 위하여 총체 벼 재배 후 우분액비 시용에 따른 총체보리 및 IRG의 생산성, 사료가치, 토양성분 및 용탈수중의 무기물 농도를 조사하였다. 본 연구는 2006년 5월부터 2009년 4월까지 3년 동안 전라북도 김제군 백산면 시험포장에서 완전임의배치 3반복으로 수행되었다. 총체보리의 2년간 평균수량은 7,520 kg/ha, 그리고 IRG는 평균 10,320 kg/ha으로 IRG가 총체보리 보다 현저하게 높은 수량을 보였다 (p<0.05). 이탈리안 라이그라스는 1번초가 2번초 보다 약 2배 이상의 수량을 보였다. IRG의 조단백질 함량은 총체보리보다 높았고 NDF, ADF 및 TDN 함량은 작물간에 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양내 pH, $P_2O_5$, T-N, OM 농도는 시험전에 비해 시험종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다 (p<0.05). 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 토양내 Ca, Na, Mg 및 K 농도는 시험전에 비해 시험종료 후에 현저하게 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다 (P<0.05). 경작형태별 우분액비 시용에 따른 용탈수중 $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Na의 농도는 경작형태에 따른 확실한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 따라서 논에서 우분액비를 이용하여 동계작물을 재배할 경우에는 수량도 중요하지만 환경적인 부분도 고려하여 우분액비를 이용해야 한다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cattle slurry on productivity of whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass and environmental pollution in paddy land. Cropping systems used in this study were consisted of two designs, such as whole crop barley applied with cattle slurry (WCB) and Italian ryegrass applied with cattle slurry (IRG). The field experiments were conducted on the clay loam at Backsanmyun, Kimje, Chunlabukdo province in Korea for three years (May 2006 to Apr. 2009). This study was arranged in completely randomized design with three replicates. The yields of WCB and IRG were 7,520 kg/ha and 10,320 kg/ha, respectively. The yields of IRG significantly increased as compared with that of WCB (p<0.05). The yield of Italian ryegrass in 1st cutting time was about 2-fold higher than that of 2nd cutting time. The contents of crude protein of IRG were higher than that of WCB. However, the contents of NDF, ADF and TDN were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments. The pH, and contents of T-N, $P_2O_5$ and organic matter (OM) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment increased as compared with those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). After the end of experiment, the concentrations of CEC (Ca, Na, Mg and K) in soil samples collected at the end of the experiment were remarkably higher than those at the beginning of the experiment (p<0.05). The concentrations of $NH_4$-N, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, Cl, Ca, K, Mg and Na in leaching water in paddy land cultivated with WCB and IRG were no difference between WCB and IRG treatments.

Cloning, Purification, and Characterization of a New DNA Polymerase from a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Thermococcus sp. NA1

( Yun Jae Kim ),( Hyun Sook Lee ),( Seung Seob Bae ),( Jeong Ho Jeon ),( Jae Kyu Lim ),( Yo Na Cho ),( Ki Hoon Nam ),( Sung Gyun Kang ),( Sang Jin Kim ),( Suk Take Kwon ),( Jung Hyun Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2007 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.17 No.7

난치성 간질로 절제한 대뇌피질의 병리소견에 대한 소아군과 성인군의 비교:164예의 분석

김나래,서연림 대한병리학회 1999 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.33 No.12

표피성장인자(EGF)가 돼지 난자의 성숙과정동안 세포골격에 미치는 영향

김나희, 이아림, 최향순, Qinyue Lu, Zhi Chen, 이송희 충북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2023 農業科學硏究 Vol.39 No.1

본문참조

서민복식문화에 관한 연구 (Ⅱ) : 경북 금오산 주변지역의 민속조사 결과를 중심으로 Field Research Around the Mt . Kumo Area

홍나영,이은주,임재영 한국의류학회 1995 한국의류학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The authors study on the traditional textile production and the formal dress throuth the field research concerning the folk attitude toward dress style around the Mt. Kumo area. In this area, people produced and wove hemp, cotton, and silk except ramie. Because of poor production of raw materials, they produced textiles only for self-sufficiency. Every household dealt with dyeing on a small scale. In the past, people dyed cloth natually using plants as material. Natural dyeing, however, gradually changed into chemical one since the Japanese rule. The formal dresses, which people wore on particular occasions such as the hundredth day after child's brith, the first birthday, and traditional holidays, were very meager due to poor living standards. People could not see the formal dresses with full decoration. Bride and bridegroom were the village-owned wedding dresses, and if they could not afford to, they simply put cloth on to remember the occasion. People around the Mt. Kumo area, however, provided fully-decorated shroud and ritual robes to the level of other better-off areas. It seemed to be the result of influence of deeprooted Confucianism in Gyungbuk province. This Phenomenon could be found in the folk dress style in other regions as well as the Mt. Kumo area in Gyungbuk province.

성견의 실험적 치아이동시 치주조직내 DNA 합성에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김성진,임나원,김상철 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.4

교정력에 의한 성견의 치아이동시 발생하는 조직변화 중 치주인대 내에서의 세포활성도의 변화를 교정력의 크기와 기간에 따랄 알아 보고자 하였다. 생후 1년 6개월된 성견 6마리를 5마리의 실험군과 1마리의 대조군으로 나누었고 실험군에서 하악 좌측에는 강한 힘(250-300g)을, 하악 우측에는 약한 힘(50-75g)을 제1소구치와 제2소구치 사이에 open coil spring으로써 적용하였다. 실험군의 성견을 각각 12시간, 24시간, 3일, 1주, 2주에 Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)을 주입하고 희생시켰다. 하악 제1,2 소구치 부위의 조직을 채득하여 통법에 따라 파라핀 포매하였으며, H&E 염색과 항 BrdU 항체를 이용한 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 견인측에서의 치주인대 단절과 혈관확장은 12시간째에서 관찰되어 증가하다가 3일째 이후에는 감소되었는데 약한 힘을 준 경우보다 강한 힘을 준 경우에서 더 많았으며 압박측에서의 치주인대의 초자양변성과 파골세포 활성은 12시간째에서부터 관찰되어 3일째까지 증가하다가 7일째부터 감소하였는데 약한 힘을 준 경우보다 강한 힘을 준 경우에서 더 많이 나타났다. 대조군의 BrdU 발현은 구강상피와 치주인대의 섬유모세포에서 주로 많았고 골세포나 파골세포에서는 음성반응을 보였으며 실험군의 BrdU 발현은 압박 측보다 견인측에서 많았으며 치경부쪽보다는 치근단쪽에서 더 많았다. 약한 힘을 준 경우에서는 BrdU 발현이 1일째에 가장 많이 나타나다가 감소되었고 강한 힘을 준 경우에서는 12시간째에서 최고에 달하다가 이후에는 감소되었으나 14일째에는 실험군과 대조군 간에 큰 차이가 없었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes about the cellular activity on DNA synthesis in the periodontal ligament of dog, in which experimental tooth movement was performed. A control and 5 experimental dogs, one and half year in age, were studied. Light force (50-75g) was applied by placing open-coil spring between left mandibular premolars; heavy force (250-300g), between right mandibular premolars. Experimental dogs were sacrificed after infusion of bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU), at 12hours, 1, 3, 7 and 14days after force application, respectively. And the histologic and the immunohistochemical evaluation were performed on the obtained periodontal tissue around mandibular premolars, using anti-bromodeoxyuridine antibody, which can indicate proliferating cells. The results were as follows: 1. The tearing of periodontal ligament and the vascular dilatation at tension side were observed in 12 hours, increasing until 3 days After then it decreased; Such a finding was more evident in heavy force group than in light force group. 2. The hyalinization of the periodontal ligament and the activity of osteoclast at pressure side were observed in 12 hours, increasing until 3 days. But from 7 days on, it decreased; Such a finding was more evident in heavy force group than in light force group. 3. The BrdU expression in the control group was positive, mainly in the oral epithelium and the fibroblasts in the periodontal ligament, but negative in bone cells in periodontal ligament. 4. The BrdU expression in the experimental group was more positive in tension side than in pressure side; The expression was a little more positive in the periapical area than in the cervical area of tooth. 5. The BrdU expression in light force group was the highest in 1 day, after which it decreased; In heavy force group, it was the highest in 12 hours, after which it decreased. But in 14 days, there was no difference between the experimental group and control group.

Botrytis cinerea에서 분비된 Laccase의 정제 및 특성

고경희,김나진,한세영,서기림 가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Laccase는 페놀성 화합물과 아민 화합물등 많은 종류의 물질을 산화하는 특성 때문에 펄프 공업에서 펄프의 탈색에 이용되며 또한 염색 공업에서 폐염료의 분해에 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 Botrytis cinerea에서 분비하는 laccase를 분리 정제하여 몇 가지 효소의 특성을 조사하였다. 이 곰팡이의 배지로 Czapek-dox와 소량의 요소를 사용하여 비교적 높은 효소 활성을 얻을 수 있었다. 분비된 laccase는 이온교환 수지로 부분 정제하였으며 한 peak에서만 활성을 검출할 수 있었다. 효소의 특성으로 효소 활성이 가장 높은 pH는 2.6이었으며 최적 온도는 50℃이었다. 효소반응의 활성화 에너지는 일반적 산화반응의 값에 비하여 월등히 낮았다. 속도론적 상수 K_(m)값은 0.619mM이었다. 이 효소는 azide에 민감하여 낮은 농도에서 억제되었으며 cyanide에 의해서도 억제되었으나 azide보다 억제 효과가 낮았다. This study was performed to determine some physicochemical properties of laccase produced by Botrytis cinerea. This fungus was grown in liquid culture media of Czapek-dox broth plus urea. This media enhanced the production of laccase. Laccase was purified by precipitation and DEAE - Sepharose chromatography. Laccase activity could be detected at one peak, which meant the fungus excreted one kind of enzyme. Enzyme activity for oxidation of ABTS was highest at pH 2.6 and decreased with increasing pH. The optimum temperature of the enzyme reaction was 50℃ which was similar to those of laccases from other fungi and the average activation energy for laccase oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis -(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was much lower than ordinary oxidation reaction without enzyme. The kinetic constant K_(m) was 0.619 mM using ABTS as substrate. Laccase was inhibited by azide and cyanide. NaN₃ was more inhibitory than NaCN.