Cytokine secreted by S100A9 via TLR4 in monocytes delays neutrophil apoptosis by inhibition of caspase 9/3 pathway

Lee, N.R.,Park, B.S.,Kim, S.Y.,Gu, A.,Kim, D.H.,Lee, J.S.,Kim, I.S. Saunders Scientific Publications, W.B. Saunders ; 2016 Cytokine Vol.86 No.-

Dysregulation of neutrophil apoptosis causes pathogenesis and aggravation of allergy. S100A9 exists as one of the proteins in the neutrophils, triggering inflammatory responses by activating the immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether S100A9 affects constitutive neutrophil apoptosis by activating the monocytes in normal and allergic subjects. Supernatant from human monocytic THP-1 cells after treatment with S100A9 suppressed normal neutrophil apoptosis by inhibiting the activations of caspase 9 and caspase 3. S100A9 upregulated the release of MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in THP-1 cells. An increase in cytokine was suppressed by CLI-095, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor, PP2, a Src inhibitor, rottlerin, a PKCδ inhibitor, MAP kinase inhibitors, including PD98059, SB202190, and SP600125, and BAY-11-7085, an NF-κB inhibitor. Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK were phosphorylated by S100A9. The phosphorylation of Src and PKCδ was suppressed by CLI-095, and the activation of ERK½, p38 MAPK, and JNK was inhibited by CLI-095, PP2, and rottlerin. S100A9 induced NF-κB activity, and the activation was suppressed by CLI-095, PP2, rottlerin, and MAPK kinase inhibitors. In normal and allergic subjects, supernatant from normal and allergic monocytes after stimulation with S100A9 suppressed normal and allergic neutrophil apoptosis, respectively; MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-8 in the supernatant was increased by S100A9. The cytokine secretion induced by S100A9 is related to TLR4, Src, PKCδ, ERK½, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κB. Taken together, S100A9 induces anti-apoptotic effect on normal and allergic neutrophils by increasing cytokine secretion of monocytes. These findings may help us to better understand neutrophil apoptosis regulated by S100A9 and pathogenesis of allergic diseases.

N₂/ CH₄가스비에 따른 Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride 박막의 특성

장홍규(H. K. Jang),김근식(G. S. Kim),황보상우(S. W. Whangbo),이연승(Y. S. Lee),황정남(C. N. Whang),유영조(Y. Z. Yoo),김효근(H. G. Kim) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1998 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.7 No.3

DC saddle-field-plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition(PECVD) 장치를 이용하여 상온에서 p-type Si (100) 기판위에 hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride [a-C:H(N)]박막을 증착하였다. 원료가스인 CH₄과 N₂의 전체압력은 90 mTorr로 고정하고 N₂/CH₄비를 0에서 4까지 변화하면서 제작한 a-C:H(N) 박막의 미세 구조의 변화를 연구하였다. 진공조의 도달 진공도는 1×10^(-6) Torr이고, 본 실험시 CH₄+N₂가스의 유량은 5 sc㎝으로 고정하고 배기량을 조절하여 진공조의 가스 압력을 90 mTorr로 고정하였으며 기판에 200 V의 직류 bias 전압을 인가하였다. α-step과 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)를 이용한 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 0.5로 증가함에 따라 박막 두께는 4840 Å에서 2600 Å으로 급격히 감소하였으며, 박막내의 탄소에 대한 질소함유량(N/C비)는 N₂/CH₄비가 4일때 최대 0.25로 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 XPS 스펙트럼의 fitting 결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가할수록 CN결합이 증가하였다. Fourier Transformation Infrared (FT-IR) 분석결과 N₂/CH₄비가 증가함에 따라 박막내의 C-H 결합은 감소하고, N-H, C≡N 결합은 증가하였다. Optical bandgap 측정 결 과 N₂/CH₄비가 0에서 4로 증가함에 따라 a-C:H(N)박막의 bandgap 에너지는 2.53 eV에서 2.3 eV로 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. Hydrogenated amorphous carbon nitride[a-C:H(N)] films were deposited on p-type Si(100) at room temperature with substrate bias voltage of 200 V by DC saddle-field plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Effects of the ratio of N₂to CH₄(N₂/CH₄), in the range of 0 and 4 on such properties as optical properties, microstucture, relative fraction of nitrogen and carbon, etc. of the films have been investigated. The thickness of the a-C:H(N) film was abruptly decreased with the addition of nitrogen, but at N₂/CH₄> 0.5, the thickness of the film gradually decreased with the increase of the N₂/CH₄. The ratio of N to C(N/C) of the films was saturated at 0.25 with the increase of N₂/CH₄. N-H, C≡N bonds of the films increased but C-H bond decreased with the increase of N₂/CH₄. Optical band gap energy of the film decreased from 2.53 eV deposited with pure methane to 2.3 eV at the ratio of N₂/CH₄=4.

단세포군 항체를 이용한 Shigella serotyping serum 개발(Ⅱ) : S. flexneri type Ⅰ,Ⅱ & type Ⅰ:6, group 6

정의범,이영희,김순남,박강수,이명숙,성원근,김종욱,홍승의,박정우 국립보건연구원 1994 국립보건원보 Vol.31 No.1

運動選手의 體脂肪量에 關한 硏究 : 축구, 농구, 야구, 럭비풋보올 선수를 대상으로 soccer, baskball, baseball and rugby-football player's

이석남,유승희 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1979 體育學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Introduction The purpose of this study is to gain nutritional control and that of Fat data through the measurement of the Skinfold thickness. In a group of the subjects of study 54 ball game player's (soccer player's ; 18, basketball player's ; 9, baseball player's ; 16, rugby-football player's ; 11) Classification of the Measurement For the convenience of the measurement, the researcher of this study classify the measurement is as following ; A. Physical Constitution 1. Body Height 2. Body Weight B. Skinfold Thickness 1. Back 2. Waist 3. Abdomen 4. Arm Summary The gesults of this study pointed out as follwing ; 1. The average of Height was 175.1cm for total average of ball game player's, 173.1cm for soccer player's, 184.7cm for basketball player's, 173.1cm for baseball player's and 173.5cm for rugby-football player's. 2. The average of Weight was 69.6 Kg for total average for ball game player's, 67.6 Kg for soccer player's, 76.3 Kg for basketball player's, 68.1 Kg for baseball player's and 69.8 Kg for rugby-football player's. 3. The Fat of accumulation a portion in order waist, back, abdomen and arm for soccer, basketball and baseball player's but rugby-football player's order waist, abdomen, back and arm. 4. The average of Skinfold Thickness was 6.3mm for soccer player's, 6.3mm for basketball player's, 7.3mm baseball player's and 7.5mm for rugby-football player's. 5. The ball game player's average of skinfold thickness was 6.8mm (back; 7.5mm, waist; 8.8mm, abdomen; 6.2mm, arm; 5.7mm) 6. The average of Fat Weight was 8.0 Kg for soccer Player's, 8.0 Kg for basketball player's, 8.7 Kg for baseball player's, 8.8 Kg for rugby-football player's and total average was 8.4 for ball game player's. 7. The average of Fat Free Weight was 59.6 Kg for soccer player's, 68.3 Kg for basketball player's, 59.4 Kg for baseball player's and 61.0 Kg for rugby-football player's. 8. The average of % Fat was 11.8% for soccer player's, 10.5% for basketball player's, 12.8% for baseball player's, 12.7% for rugy-football player's and total average 12.1% for ball game player's.

體力章制度의 關心度比較에 關한 調査硏究 : 馬山市 男子高等學校 進學, 比進學者를 中心으로 Comparison of advancing to higher education and onadvancing highe education for the boy high school, Masan-si

鄭民煥,李錫南,朴昌植,丁小鳳,金成根 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1978 體育學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In the result of the research on the interests to the physical strength code system of boy high school (Comparison) of advancing to higher education and nonadvancing to higher education), it was possible to deduce the following conclusion and the suggestions from the theoretical background and the assumptions mentioned above forwarded by this research. 1. The understanding in the system of P.S.C. in inefficient. 2. The system failed to provide to one's strengh buiding 3. The training for P.S.C. is always not practiced consistently but being exercised on the immediate of inspection. 4. The understanding on the itemized purpose of its inspection is relatively low. 5. The inspection has something to do with the entrance examination and conderned because of the directive score points. 6. The inspection system failed to show a fairness and a lot of contradictions have been pointed out in the course of its execution. 7. In a comparison of advancing to higher education and nonadvanoing to higher education, the latter has not considered a special necessity. 8. The relative importance for the entrance examination by current inspection of P.S. has shown as fitted one. 9. It is not well comed to practice only in the training of P.S.C. at the assigned time to P.S. From the above conclusion, the following suggestions are required. 1. It is required that the system of P.S.C. is to be equally alotted to the all physical curriculum so that the guidance with the possitive plans be undertaken in the ordinal time. 2. It should not be limited of the system of P.S.C. in reflecting to the result of entrance examination for the boys of advancing to higher educations, and but considered in the dimension of national aspects, and the systematic backing policy enabling to exercise with a interest to the system of P.S.C even for the group of non-advancing for higher education be necessary. 3. A objectivity making the inspection thorough and correct in the course of execution, of the system of P.S.C. is required. 4. The fairness of inspection should be maintained by a sufficient training in advance for the staffs of the physical strength inspection and the inconsistencies should be developed. 5. The items of sport(Swiming, physical exercise, shooting etc.) beside the items of current P.S. inspection is recommended to be added. In the end, by strengthening the grade of current P.S. inspection, it is necessary to let people know that it Is very hard to get a special grade without a consistent effort in ordinary day.

대만 모더니즘시 운동과 성취에 대한 재조명

정우광 중국문화연구학회 2019 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.45

In the study of Taiwanese Modernist Poetry Movement from the early 1950s to the mid-1970s, many literary critics have agreed that Taiwanese Modernist poets have their various thoughts on poetics and are brought into a poem full of experimental image and metaphor, with sandwiching in between Chinese traditional culture and Western Modernist literature. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the aesthetic characteristics of Taiwanese Modernist poetry, especially focusing on such binaries as “tradition and modernity,” “Chineseness and the West,” “vertical inheritance 縱的繼承 and horizontal transplantation 橫的移植.” This study contains four parts, together with introduction and conclusion. Part Two explores three poetry schools such as “Modern Poetry 現代詩,” “Blue Star 藍星,” “Genesis 創世記” and analyses their four rounds of debates on questions such as What is good poetry? Where is new poetry going? Should poetry be easily understandable or not? What is the poetry’s relationship with society? and What is the poetic balance between Chinese cultural tradition and Western Modernism literature? The debates began in the 1950s and went through the 1960s and early 1970s. Part Three examines each individual poet of Taiwanese Modernist Poetry Movement and revaluates his or her distinctive aesthetic qualities within representative poem. The poetics and the style of every Taiwan’s modern poet are different, This appears in such poems as Yu Guangzhong‘s 余光中(1928-2017) “Lamenting for Keats-A Eulogy Commemorating the One Hundred and Thirty-Second Anniversary of Keats’s Death 吊濟慈—濟慈逝世百卅二年紀念,” Lin Ling’s 林泠(1938- ) “Tree-Shaded Path 林蔭道,” Ji Xian’s 纪弦(1913-2013) “Solitary Wolf 狼之獨步,” Ya Xian’s 瘂弦(1932- ) “Songlike Andante 如歌的行板..” Part Four concludes that Taiwanese Modernist Poets opens new direction to realize their potential between the trend of Westernization and the awakening of national consciousness, with citing Yang Mu’s 楊牧(1940- ) “Your Feeling 你的心情.” 이 글에서는 문학 외적인 조건에 의해 아쉽게도 더 이상의 창작과 이론을 진행시키지 못했던 중국과 달리, 50년대부터 70년대까지 臺灣대만을 뜨겁게 달구었던 모더니즘시 운동을 살펴보고자 한다. 이 작업은 시의 나라란 자부심에 기초한 중국의 전통성이 서구 모더니즘과 만났을 때 어떠한 새로운 시가 가능한지에 대한 질문이기도 하다. 이러한 가능성을 감안한다면, 과연 대만 모더니즘시는 어떠한 예술적 특징과 성취를 가지고 있는지 좀 더 세밀하게 고찰해볼 필요가 있겠다. 이러한 문제를 살펴보기 위해, 이 글에서는 대만 모더니즘시 운동을 주도적으로 전개한 3대 詩社시사가 무엇인지 알아보고 4차례의 논쟁이 어떻게 진행되었는지 분석하고자 한다. 아울러 3대 시사의 주장과 논쟁을 이론적 준거로 한 대만 모더니즘 시인들의 대표작을 구체적으로 분석하여, 그들 시 속에서 구현되고 있는 예술적 특징과 성취가 무엇인지 살펴볼 것이다.

Disposition and metabolism of (2S,3S,4R)-N''-cyano-N-(6-amino-3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-dimethoxy methyl-2H-benzopyran-4-yl)-N'-benzylguanidine, a novel neuroprotective agent for ischemia-reperfusion damage, in rats

Kim, N. S.,Yoo, H. H.,Lee, M. W.,Kim, H. S.,Kim, D. H. Taylor & Francis 2007 Xenobiotica Vol.37 No.5

<P> The metabolism and disposition of KR31378 (a benzopyran derivative and a novel neuroprotective agent) were investigated following single oral or intravenous administration of [14C]-KR31378 to rats. [14C]-KR31378 was rapidly absorbed after oral dosing with an oral bioavailability of greater than 71%. The maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve of total radioactivity in rat plasma increased proportionally to the administered dose. KR31378 was distributed over all organs and tissues except for brain, eyeball and testis, and declined by first order kinetics up to 24 h after dosing. Excretion of the radioactivity was 29.5% of the dose in the urine and 58.5% in the feces within 2 days after oral administration. Biliary excretion of the radioactivity in bile duct-cannulated rats was about 66.0% for the first 24 h. KR31378 was extensively metabolized by ring hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidation and reduction with subsequent N-acetylation and O-glucuronide conjugation. N-acetylated conjugates (M2, M10, M11, M12, M14, and M15) were identified as the predominant metabolites in rats.</P>

Electrocatalytic activity of chemically deposited Cu_xS thin film for counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells

Lim, I.,Lee, D.Y.,Patil, S.A.,Shrestha, N.K.,Kang, S.H.,Nah, Y.C.,Lee, W.,Han, S.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2014 Materials chemistry and physics Vol.148 No.3

The compact (c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) and the porous (p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S) with particle decorated films of coppers-ulfidearesynthesized using a chemical bath deposition technique, and the films are characterized using electrochemical techniques. In addition, the chemically deposited Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are investigated as a counter electrode in quantum dots-sensitized solar cells (QSSCs). The available redox active reaction sites of the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film are found to be 57.9% higher than those available in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the effective diffusion coefficients of the polysulfide electrolyte in the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S and p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S films are estimated to be 3.67 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> and 6.35 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These results can be ascribed to the improvement in the available redox active reaction sites and the electrocatalytic activity of the Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S counter electrode. As compared to the c-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film, the p-Cu<SUB>x</SUB>S film as a counter electrode exhibits an enhanced photovoltaic performance of the QSSCs with the power conversion efficiency of 3.17%, short-circuit current of 11.89 mA c<SUP>-</SUP>m<SUP>2</SUP>, open-circuit voltage of 0.50 V, and fill factor of 53.29. The improved performance of the QSSCs is ascribed to the improvements on the available redox active reaction sites, electrocatalytic activity and the diffusion coefficients, which are directly related to the surface morphology of the sulfide films.

말라리아박멸을 위한 조사연구 : 1. 말라리아 유행지역 주민의 항체보유율 변화 1. The study for the malaria eradication 1. The seasonal changes of antibodies of inhabitants lived in malaria epidemic areas

김동수,이형우,조신형,인태숙,이혜정,이욱교,김남렬,신민철,문승욱,임현정,고승연,이종수 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

쥐의 근육 및 간장 콜레스테롤 수준에 미치는 사료 중 n-3 / n-6 지방산 , PUFA / SFA 및 MUFA / SFA 비율의 반응표면 분석

박병성(B . S . Park),고병대(B . D . Ko),이영철(Y . C . Rhee),황보종(J . Howang - Bo),성기승(K . S . Seong),이남형(N . H . Lee) 한국영양사료학회 1995 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.19 No.5