백석 시와의 연관성을 통해 본 오장환의 초기시 : 인간을 위한 문학의 옹호와 선택적 부정의 양상

장만호(Jang Man-Ho) 한국시학회 2009 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.25

This paper aims at finding a relationship between Oh Jang-hwan's poetry and Baek Seok's poetry, clarifying Oh Jang-hwan poetry's thematic consciousness, and characterizing the inner logic of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry. This kind of work helps finding out the logical reasons for the complex aspects of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry. A desirable poem for Oh Jang-hwan is the one that reveals a poet's emotion, opinions, and visions. The 'sentimentalism' for him is the emotion that a true person has to feel when he confronts with the real life and the natural effect of the contents over the forms. On the one hand, Oh Jang-hwan's criticism for Baek, Seok is caused by this kind of reason. On the other hand, Oh tries to find Baek Seok poetry's good points, the characteristics of returning family and hometown and refinding a value of the present reality and the future directionality. The thematic tendency of Oh Jang-hwan's early poetry is perceiving the past with the present perspective and narrating the past with the vision for future. This kind of tendency is embodied in <Jongga [the head family]>. However, Oh Jang-hwan does not reveal his commentary and critical attitude in the poems depicting the low class whom he empathizes or feels sympathy. This kind of tendency proves that Oh Jang-hwan's critical voice is not his own voice but an intentional one resulted by his poetic theory. The reason why he shows a critical attitude in his many poems in spite of this tendency is that he thinks criticizing the old customs, the false consciousness and the deceptive attitude of the Yangban [the upper class], human alineation of the capitalistic society, and the small businessmen is more important than sympathizing with the lower class. This kind of attitude tells that Oh Jang-hwan does not deny all aspects of the contemporary reality and tradition but negate them selectively differentiating between the objects of negation and the objects of empathy. The reason why the critical poems are more visible than the empathizing poems is that the object of denial is the structure of reality itself.

부정의 아이러니와 환멸의 낭만주의

장만호(Jang Man-ho) 한국비평문학회 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.32

Oh, Jang-Hwan is the poet who demonstrated the contemporary social reality and its contradictions obviously through his literary practice living through the Japanese colonial period, the emancipation and the division. Oh, Jang-Hwan’s perspective covers such a broad range as the denial of old customs, a firm belief in progress, the criticism on the capitalistic modern urban civilization, a decadent experience of sailing, an ambivalent emotion on his hometown, which is regarded as an exceptionally broad spectrum comparing his contemporary poets. This paper aims at grasping an inner logic that can explain Oh, Jang-Hwan poetry’s heterogeneous and contradictory characteristics, which are produced by its complex and various aspects. The inner logic is the doubleness of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s consciousness of denial, in other words, an irony emergedby negating both reality and self and the attitude of romantic disillusionment. First of all, this paper analyzes that Oh, Jang-Hwan’s consciousness of denial is expressed with the double aspects. Oh, Jang-Hwan is the poet who revealed a strong interest on the social reality. While he wrote poems that sympathize the lives of the low-class, he also created the poems that criticize the social reality. They negate tradition and old customs and criticize their fakeness. When this consciousness of the denial is toward his interiority, Oh, Jang-Hwan’s poems reveal the artificial pose and the decadent aspects. This paper regards the double negation and the contradictory attitude as the conspicuous characteristics of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s early poetry and named it as ‘the Irony of Denial.’ Second, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Oh, Jang-Hwan’s early poetry as the transformation from the romantic disillusionment to lyricism. This paper named this character as the ‘Romantic Disillusionment’ in that the emotions of self disillusionment are expressed with the romantic spaces. The frequent expressions in this early period such as ‘tears,’ ‘regret’, ‘sorrow’, and ‘death’ are the results of the lyric attitude that poetic subject inevitably had to arrive after getting through the disillusionment.

식민과 해방; 두 "탑" 사이의 거리 -발굴 작품을 중심으로 본 오장환의 해방기 시-

장만호 ( Man Ho Jang ) 민족어문학회 2011 어문논집 Vol.- No.64

이 논문은 오장환의 해방기 시문학에 관한 연구이다. 해방 후 발간된 『病든 서울』을 중심으로 한 해방기 시편들과 필자가 새롭게 발굴한 월북 이후 오장환의 시를 통해 해방에서 월북에 이르는 오장환의 시적 이력과 정치적 행보 사이의 연관성을 파악하고자 하였다. 특히 필자가 찾아낸 오장환의 시 「탑」과 번역시 「튀스터-氏」, 한효의 오장환 관련 평문은 해방을 맞이한 순간부터 월북에 걸친 시기의 오장환의 시를 이해하는 데 새로운 시각을 제공할 것으로 기대한다. 오장환은 식민지 시기의 행적에 대한 철저한 자기반성을 일회성의 차원에서가 아니라 지속적으로 수행하고 있었고 이 점에서 오장환의 자기반성은 새롭게 조명될 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 그의 해방기 시편들은 피식민의 역사를 건너 온 한 시인의 자기반성과 머뭇거림을 당대 어느 시인보다 선명하게 보여주고 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 한 ``개아적(個我的) 진정성``을 보여주고 있었다. 월북 후 오장환은 「탑」을 발표하는데 이 시는 식민지 시기 「絶頂의 노래」와 상호 참조적인 성격을 보여주고 있다. 그는 「탑」을 통해 새로운 세계에 대한 희망과 다짐을 노래하였지만 북한 내에서 이 시는 봉건적이며 재래적인 시라는 비판을 받게 된다. 두 시의 대상인 ``탑``의 거리는 오장환 개인에게 있어 피식민의 억압으로부터 새로운 세상을 기약하고자 한 바람의 거리였지만, 해방기 시문학사로 보면 해방기 남과 북, 또는 정치와 시의 거리를 보여주는 것이기도 하다. This paper examines the relationship between Oh, Jang-hwan`s career as a poet and political practices from the liberation to detection to North Korea through his poems of the liberation period in ``Byeong-deun Seoul``(Diseased Seoul) published after the liberation and poems written after his detection to North Korea, newly unearthed by the author. Especially, his poem ``T`ap``(Pagoda) and translated poem ``Mister Twister`` newly unearthed and Han, Hyo`s criticism related to Oh, Jang-hwan are expected to offer new perspectives on the understanding of Oh`s poems. It seems that Oh, Jang-hwan had been thoroughly and consistently reflecting on his whereabouts in the colonial period not as a one-off thing and in this respect, we needs to shed new light on Oh`s self-reflection. His poems in the liberation period much more clearly showed self-reflection and hesitation of a poet who had passed the history of colonized nation than any other poets in that period and displayed ``individual sincerity`` based on this. After detection to North Korea, Oh wrote ``Pagoda``, which showed the cross-referential characteristics with poem ``Song of Zenith`` written in the colonial period. He expressed his hope and promise for a new world in poem ``Pagoda``, however, it was criticized as feudal and conventional in North Korea. To Oh, Jang-hwan, the distance between two ``Pagodas``, objects of poems, was the distance of his hope and promise for a new world, free from the suppression due to the colonization, but it also showed the distance between South and North Korean, or politics and poetry in the liberation period from the perspective of poetic history back then.

『사씨남정기』의 정신분석학적 고찰과 예방과 치료를 위한 삼원심리(三原心理) 자각하여 글쓰기

장만식 ( Jang Man-sik ) 한국문학치료학회 2008 문학치료연구 Vol.8 No.-

관념적인 것에서 생겨난 상처이든, 현실적인 경험에서 생겨난 상처이든 간에 상처를 치유하고 극복하는 방법에는 여러 가지가 있을 수 있다. 필자는 이 고전소설에서 문학 작품을 창작함으로써 자신의 상처나 억압된 욕망의 해소와 새로운 자각의 고취를 이루게 됨을 본다. 본고는 문학 창작이 갖는 심리적 장애와 갈등의 치료적 가능성 즉 문학치료가 어떻게 가능할 것인가에 대한 기초적인 고찰이 될 것이다. 따라서 본고는 『사씨남정기』를 김만중 또는 그 시대 사대부들의 再娶에 대한 욕망 또는 성에 대한 욕망을 현실적인 소재와 사실적인 묘사를 통해 소설화한 것이라 보고, 분석하고자 한다. 사실 인간의 신화나 문학과 예술은 인간의 무의식과 밀접한 연관이 있다. 그리고 이러한 것들을 다시 정신분석학적으로 보면, 유년기 이래로 만족되지 않고 억압된 욕구의 대리 만족 또는 승화라 할 수 있다. 따라서 이 소설에서 김만중은 자신 또는 서술자의 자아, 초자아 그리고 원초자아인 유한림과 사씨 그리고 교씨와 그 일당를 통해 남자들의 성에 대한 욕망의 본질을 드러내어 왜곡된 사대부 또는 독자들의 再娶(재취=첩)에 대한 욕망 또는 성에 대한 억압된 욕망을 객관화하여 자각과 통찰을 성취하려는데 그 의도와 목적이 있다 하겠다. 하여 필자는 사씨와 유한림, 교씨 등의 등장인물들의 면모를 통해 서술자의 욕망은 무엇인가에 대해, 그리고 더불어 <사씨남정기>를 서술자의 자아인 유한림의 원초적 욕망과 초자아와의 대립과 갈등, 그것의 해결로써 파악하고, 논의를 전개하고자 한다. 또한 이러한 글쓰기가 문학치료의 과정에서 내담자의 심리적 상황을 솔직하게 그려내는 데 좋은 모형으로서 자리매김될 수 있다는 판단에서 이를 김만중 또는 서술자의 심리적 갈등과 그의 극복의 과정을 작품으로 서술, 창작하여 승화한 것으로 분석하고자 한 것이다. 물론 한 작품의 세세한 부분까지를 정신분석학적으로 고찰하는 것은 거의 불가능할 지도 모른다. 다만 필자는 작품을 거시적인 측면에서 분석하였고 그 속에서 문학치료적 유용성과 가능성을 찾고자 한 것이다. There are several ways to cure and overcome a wound which is caused by whether notional thinking or actual experiences. The author of this study can see through this ancient novel that a writer can cure him wound, or work off suppressed needs, or raise fresh consciousness by creating literary works. This article will be a basic consideration on the possibility of literary creation in curing psychological disability or conflicts, that is, how literary therapy works. Thus, this article intends to analyze 『Sassinamjeonggi』 considering that it was novelized based on realistic subject matters and factual description on the desire for a concubine or sex of Gim, Man-jung or illustrious officials in that period. In fact, human mythology or literature and art are deeply related to human`s unconsciousness. And seeing those things in the psychoanalytic view, it can be said that they are the surrogate satisfaction or sublimation of the suppressed needs which had not been satisfied since infancy. Therefore, Gim, Man-jung in this novel can be regarded to have his intention and purpose in accomplishing awareness and insight by exposing the nature of men`s desire for sex through his or narrator`s ego, super ego, and id of Yu, Han-rim, Mrs. Sa, Mrs. Gyo, and the company and objectifying the distorted illustrious officials or the readers` suppressed desire for a concubine or sex. Hereunder, the author of this study intends to develop the discussion as a figures out what the narrator`s desire is through the aspects of characters such as Mrs. Sa, Yu, Han-rim, or Mrs. Gyo and understands this novel through the confrontation and conflicts between the id and super ego of Yu, Han-rim, the narrator`s ego and their settlements. Because the author of this article thought that this kind of composition can be settled down as a good example for the counselee to describe him psychological situation honestly in the process of literary therapy, he tried to analyze the novel as he considered that it was the sublimation of the process of Gim, Man-jung or the narrator`s psychological conflicts and their overcoming as a work of description and creation. It would be almost impossible to consider a work to its detailed parts in the psychoanalytical view. Nevertheless, the author of this study analyzed the work in macroscopic aspects and tried to find its values and possibilities for literary therapy.

연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

Domain Isolated Kernel: A lightweight sandbox for untrusted kernel extensions

Manè,s, Valentin J.M.,Jang, Daehee,Ryu, Chanho,Kang, Brent Byunghoon North-Holland 2018 Computers & security Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monolithic kernel is one of the prevalent configurations out of various kernel design models. While monolithic kernel excels in performance and management, they are unequipped for runtime system update; and this brings the need for <I>kernel extension</I>. Although kernel extensions are a convenient measure for system management, it is well established that they make the system prone to rootkit attacks and kernel exploitation as they share the single memory space with the rest of the kernel. To address this problem, various forms of isolation (e.g., making into a process), are so far proposed, yet their performance overhead is often too high or incompatible for a general purpose kernel. In this paper, we propose Domain Isolated Kernel (DIKernel), a new kernel architecture which securely isolates the untrusted kernel extensions with minimal performance overhead. DIKernel leverages hardware-based memory domain feature in ARM architecture; and prevents system manipulation attacks originated from kernel extensions, such as rootkits and exploits caused by buggy kernel extensions. We implemented DIKernel on top of Linux 4.13 kernel with 1500 LOC. Performance evaluation indicates that DIKernel imposes negligible overhead which is observed by cycle level microbenchmark.</P>

미술치료 기법을 활용한 문학치료 프로그램이 자아존중감의 향상에 미치는 효과

장만식 ( Jang Man-sik ),박동순 ( Park Dong-sun ) 한국문학치료학회 2011 문학치료연구 Vol.19 No.-

이 연구는 미술치료와 문학치료의 통합적인 형태를 모색하고, 이러한 형태의 프로그램이 긍정적인 효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 입증하는 것이다. 여기서는 특별히 `자아존중감`의 향상에 입각하여 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구의 결과, 본 프로그램이 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있다는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 또한 사전검사와 사후검사 사이에 상관계수가 .735로 높게 나와 자아존중감이 높은 학생이 이 프로그램을 통해 더 높은 자아존중감을 갖게 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 가정적 자존감과 사회적 자존감의 향상에 효과가 있었음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 윌콕슨 검증을 통해서도 재차 확인하였다. 또한 남녀의 자아존중감의 향상의 차이에 대해서는 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 판명되었다. 하지만 하위영역 중 가정적 자존감의 향상의 차이에 대해서는 유의미한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 이로써 본 프로그램이 남자의 가정적 자아존중감의 향상에 비교적 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있었음을 알 수 있었다. This study try to find integrative model of Art-Therapy and Literary-Therapy, and prove that the program of integrative model is able to speak for affirmative effect. Specially, this study performed in focus improvement of `self-Esteem`. Result of this study, able to conclude that this program is effective improvement of `self-Esteem`. And, it was able to identify that students by high self-Esteem get to be more higher self-Esteem through this program, on the ground of a correlation conefficient of between a preliminary examination and post examination is highly .735. Specially, it was able to identify that it effected improvement of home-parents self-esteem and social-peer self-esteem. This result was able to identify once more, through Wilcoxon`s test. And, it was confirmed as meaningful difference isn`t, on the difference of `improvement of self-esteem`. But, among one of the subdomain, it was confirmed as meaningful difference is, on the difference of `improvement of home-parents self-esteem`. Hereby, it was able to know that this program infiuenced affirmative `improvement of home-parents self-esteem` of man.

해방기 시의 공간 표상 방식 연구

장만호(Jang Man-ho) 韓國批評文學會 2011 批評文學 Vol.- No.39

이 글은 해방기 시에 형상화된 공간의 양상을 고찰하여 해방기 시문학에 나타나는 공간 표상을 살피고자 하였다. 이를 통해 당대의 현실 상황이 시적 주체의 인식과 상상력을 통해 어떻게 변용되는가를 살펴보고자 한 것이 이 논문의 목적이다. 해방공간의 서울은 식민지 시기의 ‘경성’이 지녔던 식민성을 재삼 확인하는 공간이며, 새로운 역사와 국가를 정립해야 하는 시발점으로 인식되었다. 대표적으로 오장환과 임화는 ‘서울’을 과거의 삶에 대한 반성과 ‘다가올 미래’에 대한 실천적 의지의 장으로 표상한다. 그러나 이후 다른 시인들의 시에서 서울은 구체적 공간성을 상실하고 ‘사건’이 발생한 ‘현장’으로 등장하거나 해방된 조선의 당대 현실을 제유하는 것으로 표현된다. 서울이라는 ‘해방기의 중심 공간’은 그 실감과 구체성을 상실하고 사건의 배경으로 등장하거나 하나의 관념적인 대상으로 성립되는 것이다. 서울이라는 공간이 시적 주체들이 삶을 영위하고 사회 · 정치 제도의 변화에 직간접적으로 관여하는 실제적인 공간이었다면 아시아, 소련, 미국 등의 공간은 일정 부분 지리학 및 언론 매체를 통해 습득한 간접 지식을 바탕으로 형상화된 ‘상상’의 공간이라 할 수 있다. 직접 체험하거나 거주하지 못한 장소나 공간을 문학적 대상으로 포섭하고자 할 때 필연적으로 개입되는 것이 시인의 상상력과 그 장소 및 공간의 특징들이다. 이런 점에서 이 공간들은 시적 주체의 상상력과 문화, 문학, 지리, 역사 등 실제 공간에 대한 예비적인 지식과 정치적 지향의 총체라고 할 수 있다. 박인환, 임화, 김기림 등은 아시아, 소련, 미국의 문화적 아이콘들을 호명하고 나열함으로써 해당 국가(공간)을 형상화하고 있는데, 나열의 방식을 통해 공간을 표상한다는 점에서 이 시들의 공간 표상 방식은 다분히 ‘환유적’ 방식에 기대고 있다고 할 수 있다. This paper aims to examine the spatial representation in poems by investigating the aspects of space in poems of the liberation period. Through this, it will look into how the reality of the period was transfigured with perception and imagination of the poetic subject. During the liberation period, Seoul was the space where people reconfirmed coloniality once Kyungseong had and had to be the starting point for the establishment of new history and nation. Oh, Jang-hwan and Im, Hwa represented Seoul as the space of self-reflection of the past life and practical will for the coming future. In poems of other poets after them, however, Seoul lost the concrete spatiality and was described as the site of events or as the synecdoche of the liberated Joseon’s reality. Seoul, the central space of the liberation period, lost its reality and concreteness and was appeared as the background of events or became an ideological object. While Seoul was the real space where poetic subjects lived their lives and directly and indirectly related to the change of social and political systems, Asia, the Soviet Union, the United States of America were imagined spaces formed with indirect knowledge attained through geography and mass media. When spaces or places where the poet has never been to or lived in were to be included into literary world, the poet's imagination and features of the spaces and places are necessarily intervened. In this respect, these spaces could be called as the whole of poetic subjects’ imagination, preliminary knowledges on real space such as culture, literature, geography and history, and political orientation. Park, In-hwan, Im, Hwa, Kim, Gi-rim embodied those nations(spaces) by calling and listing cultural icons of Asia, the Soviet Union and the United States of America. In that they represented spaces with enumeration, the way of spatial representation in their poems seems to be relied upon metonymic method.

초음파 기관지 내시경으로 진단한 기관기관지 골연골형성증 1예

이천우,옥철호,정만홍,장태원,임성경,조은주,이신준,이혜원,구상건,천봉권 고신대학교 의과대학 2011 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.26 No.2

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare benign disease of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of calcium phosphate in the submucosa of large airways and benign proliferation of bone and cartilage resulting in nodular formation. We report a case of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica diagnosed by Endobronchial ultrasonography in a 56-year-old man. Chest Computed Tomography revealed thickening of tracheal and bronchial wall, and multiple nodules through whole trachea. Endobronchial ultrasonography showed numerous submucosal nodules with hetero-echogenecity in the third and fourth layers. Histopathological examination revealed nonspecific bronchitis with squamous metaplasia and metaplastic ossification. We confirmed tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. The patient's symptoms were successfully treated with antibiotics and oxygen supplyment. endobronchial ultrasonography can helpful diagnosis in tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica.

평판형 ER-Valve의 제작 및 성능실험

장성철,염만오 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.12 No.6

In this research 4 plate type ER-Valves which have same surface but different width and length are designed and an experimental apparatus is constructed. With this experimental apparatus, flow rate and pressure drop of ER fluid flowing in ER-valves are measured with varying electric field strength of ER-valve, and relation between valve types and pressure drop is also experimented. ER fluid is made silicon oil mixed with 40wt% starch having hydrous particles. If we allow the same electric field in the ER-Valve, we came to know that the pressure drop is effected by the electrode length and electrode width. When the strength of the electric field increased, the pressure drop happened big and the flow rate decreased.