백서 정중구개봉합 확대후의 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유의 변화

김보경,박국필,경희문,권오원,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1999 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.29 No.1

측방확대장치에 의한 정중구개봉합부의 확대시 고정력은 구개부의 신경요소들에 변화를 일으키면서 동통을 유발하게 되고 구개봉합부가 확대되고 그것이 유지되는 동안에 기계적 자극에 의한 구개부신경섬유의 반응성에 변화를 일으킬 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 백서 정중구개봉합부의 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유의 교정력 적용시간에 따른 형태학적인 반응성, 밀도, 분포변화등을 관찰하고 그와 연관된 CGRP의 기능을 알아보고 자 250gm내외의 Sprague-Dawley 웅성백서 상악전치에 200gm의 치아이개력이 가해지도록 활성화시킨 helical spring을 삽입하여 정상대조군과 장치 장착후 경과시간에 따라 1일, 4일, 7일, 14일 경과군으로 나누어 정중구개봉합부를 확대후 희생시켜 면역조직화학법으로 염색하여 관찰하였다. · 대조군에서 정중구개 봉합붑 결합조직의 CGRP 면역양성 신경섬유는 거의 관찰되지 않았다. · 1일군에서는 대조군에 비해 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 현저한 증가를 보였으며 주로 혈관 주위에 염주알 모양의 가는 신경섬유가 관찰되었다. · 4일군에서는 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 대조군에 비해서는 현저한 증가를 보였으나 1일군에 비해서는 크게 증가하지 않았으며 혈관의 크기가 훨씬 확장되어 관찰되었다. · 7일군에서는 특징적으로 조골양세포가 새로이 형성된 골변연을 따라 줄지어 배열되는 독특한 양상이 관찰되었고 신경섬유의 수는 4일군에 비하여 감소하고 혈관의 직경도 감소되었다. · 14일군에서는 CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유가 7일군과 유사한 분포를 보였으며 확대에 의한 골변연의 불규칙성도 대체로 감소되었다. CGRP 면역반응 신경섬유는 정중구개봉합의 확대시 초기에 일어나는 신경원성 염증반응에 주로 관련되어 증식되는 것으로 생각된다. Midplatal suture expansion is often used for patients having narrow maxillary arch, cleft palate, respiratory handicap with narrow nasal cavity. CGRP has been known as a modulator of pain transmission in central nervous system and a local effector to peripheral tissue causing vasodilation, increase of blood flow, modulation of immune system, regulation of macrophagic function and stimulation of bone formation. To investigate changes of CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in midpalatal suture during the the expansion, immunohistochemical study was performed by using rats. Experimental rats(10weeks, 250gm) were divided into five groups(control, 1, 4, 7, 14 days group (each n=4) and applied orthodontic force (approximately 200gm) to upper anterior incisors. Frozen sections of midpalatal suture area were immunostained by using rabbit antisera. The results were as follows. · The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were hardly observed in control group. · In 1 day group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased around the vessels than control group. · In 4 days group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more increased than control group, but not more increased than 1 day group. Vascular diameter was more enlarged. · In 7 days group, expecially, hematoxilin affinity of cells was remarkable and cells were arranged along the bone margin. The CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were more reduced than 4 days group and vascular diameter was also reduced. · In 14 dayds group, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were similar to those of 7 days group and the irregularity of bone margin was almost recoverd. In Conclusion, the CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers may be related to initial neurogenic inflammatory reaction in expanding mid-palatal suture.

달과 행성의 위상변화 교수-학습 프로그램 개발

김상달,김종희,주국영 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1998 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.25 No.-

중등학교의 지구과학과 열린 수업을 위한 달과 행성의 위상 변화 프로그램 개발을 주제로 본 연구에서는 철저한 학습 과제 분석을 통하여 개념 위계도를 작성하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 교수-학습의 순서와 방향을 모색하였다. 학습자의 자기 주도적 학습을 통하여 달의 위상 변화를 파악할 수 있도록 하는 ‘달 관측 안내서’를 제작하였다. 또한 달과 행성의 위상이 변하는 원리를 이해하게 하는 실험을 개발하여 제시함으로서 학습자들이 농구공 스케치라는 친숙한 실험 활동을 통하여 빛의 원리와 위상 변화를 관련지어 이해하도록 하였다. 실험의 전개에서 조별 토의 등 협동 학습을 통하여 학습자의 인성 및 사회성을 함양하는데도 관심을 기울였고, 학습자의 수준별 학습을 강조하는 의미에서 학습 주제를 다루는 관련 인터넷 사이트를 소개해 줌으로써 보다 상위 단계로의 학습을 권장하고 학습자의 호기심을 충족시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 수업시간에 사용할 수 있는 프리젠테이션 자료를 개발함으로써 학습자의 학습 활동 및 교사 활동이 보조를 맞추어 진행될 수 있도록 전체 프로그램을 설계하고 개발하였다. With the subject of development of program for teaching-learning of the phases change of the moon and the planets for open education of earth science in secondary school, we searched for the order and direction of teaching-learning based on the concept map that were drawn through learning task analysis. We made "A Guide for Moon Observation" by which learners can understand the phases change of the moon through self-leading learning. By developing and presenting the experiment that explain the principal of the phases change of the moon and the planets, we promoted learners understand the phases change related to the principal of light through drawing basketball. We paid attention to raising personality and sociality of learners through cooperative learning in the process of experiment. And we encouraged higher level learning and let the learners' curiosity satisfied by offering subject-related internet sites. We designed and developed whole program to balance learning and teaching activities by developing presentation materials that can be used in classes.

폴리스타이렌 아이오노머와 액정중합체 블렌드의 기계적 성질

김희석,김준섭,최재곤,박기주,윤용국,진정일 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1997 生産技術硏究 Vol.19 No.1

The dynamic mechanical properties of thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester (LCP) blends with polystyrene (PS) and Li sulfonated polystyrene (PSSLi) were investigated. It was found that PS forms an immiscible blend with LCP. However, above the matrix T_(g) of the PS, the addition of the LCP increases the modulus of the blend significantly because the LCP acts as filler below its T_(g). In PSSLi/LCP blend system, it was also found that, in the temperature range between two T_(g)s of the ionomer, the LCP acts as filler and thus increases the modulus of the blend. However, the filler effect of the LCP on the modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature and disappears above the T_(g) of the LCP. Finally, it was suggested that the PSSLi may be partially miscible with the LCP via ion-dipole interactions between a Li^(+) cation of the PSSLi and a carbonyl group of the LCP.

지구과학의 地震 학습을 위한 STS 프로그램의 개발

주국영,김종희,김상달 부산대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1997 科學敎育硏究報 Vol.24 No.-

과학적 소양을 갖춘 시민 양성이 오늘날 과학교육의 중요한 목적 중의 하나임은 주지의 사실이다. 이를 위한 교육방법의 하나인 STS 교육은 우리나라에서도 그 중요성이 크게 인정되고 있는 형편이다. STS 교육을 활성화하기 위해서는 실제로 우리 나라의 교육 환경 하에서 활용할 수 있는 STS 프로그램, 진행을 위한 안내서 및 기본 자료의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 점들을 고려하여, 학습자들이 교수-학습 활동의 중심이 되며 교사는 조력자로서의 역할을 하는 STS 수업의 실제 상황을 예시하고, 이 과정에서 적용한 교수-학습 방법과 활용한 자료들을 바탕으로 고등학교 지구과학의 지진 분야 학습을 위한 STS 프로그램을 개발하여 제시하여 지구과학 수업에서 STS 교육이 가능하도록 하는데 도움이 되고자 한다. It is a well known fact that it is a one of important objects of science education today to bring up citizens with scientific attainments. As a way to achieve the above object, STS's importance is being highly emphasized. To activate STS education, it is needed to develop STS programs, guide books and fundamental materials. Considering these sectors, this study shall present actual situations of STS education in which students are at the center of teaching and learning process and teachers are assistants. Based on teaching learning methods and material applied in the above process, this study shall help to enable STS in earth science by developing and presenting STS program for earthquake portion in high school earth science.

남부 중간지 자운영재배답에서 벼재배시 논 유형에 따른 질소시비량 구명

윤봉기,김병호,김희권,이인,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2003 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

중간지의 보통답과 사질답에서 녹비작물인 자운영을 재배한 논에 벼를 재배할 때 답 유형에 따른 질소비료 시용량을 구명하고자 전남 구례의 보통답과 사질답에서 관행, 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%, 자운영+질소 30%, 자운영+무질소의 5처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.1∼44.2㎝, 생초중 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1이였으며 무기성분 함량은 T-N 2.46∼2.68%, P_2O_5 0.56∼0.60%, K_2O 2.05∼2.18%였다. 사질답에 비하여 보통답에서 자운영의 생초중이 많았다. 2. 토양중 NH_4-N함량의 경시적 변화는 이앙 후 7일에 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1으로 가장 높았으며 이앙후 70일에 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1으로 점차 감소하였는데 처리에 따라서는 자운영+질소 70%, 자운영+질소 50%시용구에서 높았다. 3. 벼 수확기의 간장 76∼85㎝, 수장 17.9∼19.2㎝로 사질답이 보통답에 비하여 간장, 수장이 컸다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 21.5∼24.4g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎ ㎏^-1으로 자운영처리구에서 OM, CEC함량이 증가하였다. 5. 벼의 수량은 관행(보통답 5.03Mg ㏊^-1, 사질답 5.18Mg ㏊^-1)에 비하여 보통답의 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 5, 4%증수되었고, 사질답에서는 자운영+질소 70%, 50%시용구에서 각각 7, 4%증수되었다. 6. 남부 중간지에서 자운영을 재배하여 생초 20Mg ㏊^-1를 녹비로 투입하면 벼를 재배시 질소 시용 적정량은 보통답, 사질답 모두 관행 시비량의 50%이였다. This study was conducted to find out fertilizer recommendation rates for rice at a normal and sandy paddy field after planting milk vetch(MV) in Guryae which lies to southern medium altitude region from 100m to 250m above sea level from 2000 to 2001. The amount of N fertilizer were 110(normal paddy) and 130(sandy paddy) ㎏ ㏊^-1 at control and 0, 30, 50, 70% of the control. At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, P_2O_5, K_2O in plant were 2.46∼2.68%, 0.56∼0.60%, 2.05∼2.18%, respectively. Plant height were 44.1∼44.2㎝. Fresh weight were 20.1∼22.5Mg ㏊^-1. Fresh weight of milk vetch cultivated in normal paddy field was more than that in sandy paddy field. The content of NH_4-N in soil was 21.5∼48.3㎎ ㎏^-1 at 7 days after planting and 7.0∼9.7㎎ ㎏^-1 at 70 days after planting. Content of NH_4-N in soil was increased at the treatments of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control. Culm length was 76∼85㎝, panicle length was 17.9∼19.1㎝ at harvesting stage. Culm length and panicle length at sandy paddy field were longer than those of normal paddy field. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4∼5.8, OM 15.6∼21.5g ㎏^-1, CEC 9.2∼10.9cmol ㎏^-1, Ava. P_2O_5 141∼360㎎㎏^-1, respectively. The content of OM, CEC in soil applied milk vetch at normal paddy field was higher than those of the control, and the content of CEC in soil applied milk vetch at sandy paddy field was higher than that of the control. When milk vetch was cut at flowing stage, rice yield of milk vetch + N 70, 50% of control plot were increased 5, 4% more than that of control(5.03Mg ㏊^-1) at normal paddy field. Rice yield vetch+N 70, 50 of control were increased 7, 4% more than that of control(5.18Mg ㏊^-1) at sandy paddy field. Nitrogen application rate of normal and sandy paddy field was 50% of conventional fertilization rate when 20Mg ㏊^-1 milk vetch cultivated paddy field was inputed for rice culture in the southern medium altitude.

紫雲英裁培沓에서 窒素와 石灰의 施用이 紫雲英의 腐熟과 벼 生育에 미치는 影響

윤봉기,김희권,최형국,박인진 한국국제농업개발학회 2004 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.16 No.2

녹비작물로서 자운영을 재배한 논에 수포를 재배할 때 시용한 자운영의 부숙촉진방법을 구명하기 위하여 자운영의 개화 성기와 결실기에 자각 예취하여 시용하고 질소 0, 30, 60, 질소 30+석회 1000, 석회 1000㎏/㏊의 5가지 부숙촉진 처리로 2000년부터 2년동안 포장시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자운영의 개화성기 생육은 초장 44.5㎝, 생초수량 23.88Mg/㏊였으며 결실기에는 초장43.6㎝, 생초수량 19.53Mg ㏊^(-1)이였다. 무기성분 함량은 자운영 개화성기에 T-N 2.6%. T-C 78.6%, P₂O_(5) 0.57%, K₂O 2.73%였으며 결실기에는 T-N 2.3%, T-C 82.8%, P₂O_(5) 0.53%. K₂O 2.15%였다. 2. 개화성기에 시용한 자운영의 부숙정도는 경운후 10일에 82.5~86.8%로 급증하여 이후 완 만한 경향을 보였으며 결실기의 부숙정도는 경운후 10일에 62.2~67.1%로 개화성기보다 낮았다. 부숙처리에 따라서는 개화성기에 예취하여 시용하고 부숙처리한 시험구중 석회 1,000㎏/㏊처리에서 최고의 부숙정도를 보였으며 결실기 처리구에서는 질소 30+석회 1,000㎏/㏊ 처리구에서 높은 부숙도를 의였다. 3. 벼의 생육은 출수기의 초장은 102.0~l12.4㎝, 수확기의 간장은 76.6~84.2㎝, 수장 17.9~20.0㎝로 개화성기의 부숙 처리에서 초장. 간장, 수장이 큰 편이었다. 벼의 수량은 4.89~5.33Mg/㏊로 자운영 개화성기의 부숙촉진 무처리(5.01 Mg/㏊)에 비하여 석회 1,000㎏ ㏊처리에서 4% 증수되었고 결실기의 부숙촉진 처리에서는 무처리 (5.25Mg/㏊)에 비하여 질소 30+석회 1,000㎏ ㏊^(-1)처리에서 1%증수되었으나 기타 처리에서는 1~2%감수되었다. 4. 시험후 토양의 화학성은 pH 5.4~6.0. OM 12.5~13.5g/㎏, CEC 12.4~14.5c㏖/㎏, Ava. P₂O_(5) 38~56㎎/㎏으로 자운영 부숙촉진 처리에저 Ava. P₂O_(5), Ava. SiO₂, CEC, 치환성 K의 함량이 많은 편이었다. The experiment was conducted to find out quick decomposition method of applied milk vetch at rice paddy soil. Decomposition methods were 5 treatments of N fertilizer 0, 30, 60, N 30+Lime 1000 and Lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ at paddy field applied flowering and bearing stage of milk vetch. It was summerized as follows; At flowering stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), K₂O in milk vetch plant was 2.6, 78.6, 0.57, 2.73% respectively. plant height was 44.5 ㎝. green yield was 23.88 Mg/㏊. At bearing stage of milk vetch, the content of T-N, T-C, P₂O_(5), K₂O in milk vetch was 2.3, 82.8, 0.53, 2.15% respectively. Plant height was 43.6 ㎝. Green yield was 19.53 Mg/㏊. Decomposition rate of milk vetch at 10 days after application at the flowering stage was 82.5~86.8% and that of bearing stage was 62.2~67.1%. When milk vetch was cut at flowering stage, decomposition rate of milk vetch treated lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ was more than any other treatment. When milk vetch was cut at bearing stage, decomposition rate of milk vetch treated N 30+lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ was highest. Plant height of rice was 102.0~112.4 ㎝ at heading stage and stem height was 76.6~84.2 ㎝, panicle length 17.9~20.0 ㎝ at harvesting stage. Plant height, stem height, panicle length of decomposition treatment plot was trend to longer when milk vetch was cut at flowering stage. When milk vetch was cut at flowering stage, rice yield of lime 1000 ㎏/ ㏊ applied plot increased 4% more than that of control (5.01 Mg/ha). When milk vetch was cut at bearing stage, N30+lime 1000 ㎏/㏊ applied plot was increased 1% than that of control (5.25 Mg/ha). But the rice yield other plot decreased 1~2% than that of control. Chemical properties of soil after experiment were pH 5.4~6.0, OM 12.5~13.5 g/㎏, CEC 12.4~14.5 c㏖/㎏. The content of Av. P₂O_(5), Av. SiO₂, CEC, Exch. K in soil applied milk vetch was more than that of control.

송전선로 보호계전기 정정값 진단 시스템

이승재,김국진,최면송,강상희 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

In the point of view a protective relay, the selectivity and sensitivity is very important in its performance. The correct setting of the relay parameter is required. The verification of accurate setting for the protective relay is very difficult before a actual fault occur. In this paper, we proposed the diagnosis expert system as a method to verify the correctness of the relay setting. The developed system proved effectiveness through the tests on the real systems.

암 생쥐에서 Testosterone으로 인한 유해감각예민도 둔화와 이에 대한 Naloxone의 차단효과

양구범,박제민,김명정,전명호,이국희 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

In order to examine the effect of testosterone on antinociception and the role of opioid system as an underlying mechanism, thirty-seven adult female mice(Institute of Cancer Research) were randomized to Naloxone(n=18) and Control group(n=19). Testosterone propionate(1mg/kg, ip) with naloxone HCL(2mg/kg, ip) or with normal saline(5ml/kg, ip) was administered on the first and the third experimental days. Nociceptive sensitivity was measured by Tail flick test(TFL, sec) before and after injection on the first and the third experimental days. The same dose of testosterone was injected on the second experimental day. The results were as follows; 1.TFL of control group was significantly increased by testosterone. TFL of control group measured on the first experimental day before and after injection were 5.5±1.1 sec(mean±sd) and 6.3±1.2 sec, respectively, and the change was significant(t=4.06, p=0.001). That measured on the third experimental day before injection was 5.9±1.0, showing a significant increase compared to that of the first experimental day(t=2.37, p=0.029). 2.Testosterone-induced antinociception was blocked by naloxone. In naloxone group, change in TFLs measured before(5.6±0.8) and after(5.3±0.9) injection was not significant on the first experimental day. On the third day, TFL measured before injection(6.6±1.2) was increased significantly than that of the first experimental day(t=2.87, p=0.011), but it decreased to baseline level after injection of naloxone(5.3±1.3; t=4.73, p=0.000). From these results, it is suggested that testosterone has antinociceptive effect, which is mediated by endogenous opioid system.

여자하키 선수들의 SPORT 상해에 관한 조사연구 : Body Injury of Female Hockey Players on P Hockey Games and Practice

장주호,박충서,김국희 경희대학교 사회체육연구소 1996 體育科學論叢 Vol.- No.9

In order to find out the realtitics of the body injury of hockey players, 13 hockey teams in middle schools(total 212 players), The subrects for this study arere 13 teams in high shcools(total 228 players), and 3 universities and the general Public were inspected and data of the realities of the bodily injury caused by a sport of hokey were analysed. Findings are as follows: 1. It appeared that the part of the body mostly injured caused by a sport of hockey was lega; more precise speaking, among total 1,581 cases of injuries, 411 cases(26%) of injuries were leg injuries, 369cases(25.05%) were foot injuries, 316(19.99%) cases were arm injuries, and 34 cases(2.15%) were neck injuries, which cases are the rarest injuries happened in a sport of hockey. 2. It appeared that the damage of the body caused by hockey was mostly in muscle and tendon; 6,993 cases(43.1%) of injuries in total 6993 cases of injuries caused the damage of muscle and tendon, 4,955 cases(30.54%) of injuries caused the damage of skin, whereas 903(5.57%) case of injuries caused the damage of nerves and sensory organ. 777(46.72) cases were found in middle schools, 2,582 cases(38.90%) were in high schools, and 3,634(35.82%) cases were in universities and the general public. 3. It appeared that the time of the day when the injury caused by playing is in the afternoon; 301 cases(48.47%) in total 621 cases happened in the afternoon; among these,134 cases(45.12%) happened in high schools; the season during which injuries mostly happened was winter, during which 325 cases(50.08%) in total 649 cases happened; 124cases(58.49%) happened in high school hockey players.

솔잎혹파리 피해임지의 수세변동에 관한 연구

이찬용,채희문,김종국 강원대학교 삼림과학연구소 2000 Journal of Forest Science Vol.16 No.-

솔잎혹파리 피해임지의 특성에 따른 수세변동을 구명하였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해도(「심), 「중), 「경))별로 구분하여 수세를 조사한 결과 피해가 심한 지역의 수목은 수세가 현저하게 약화되었으며, 수목의 임분밀도(「밀), 「중),「소」)별로 구분한 경우는 피해도와 관계없이 임분밀도가 낮은 임분에서 수목의 수세가 강하게 나타났다. 수목의 외형적 인자중 수관폭과, 흉고직경이 작은 개체에 비하여 큰 개체의 수세가 모든 임분에서 강하게 나타났다. 각 임분에서 전기저항치와 수관면적과의 관계는 피해도 「심」 임분에서는 수관면적이 13.4m2, 「중」 임분에서는 10.9m2, 「경」 임분에서는 7.9m2로 피해가 심할수록 수관면적이 넓어야 임목이 생존할 가능성이 높은 전기저항치(15kΩ이하)가 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다. This study investigated tree vigor of damaged forest by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye. In damaged forest by pine gall midge, the investigation result of damaged rate section(severe, moderate, light) indicated that severe stand showed higher value of electric resistance(kΩ) than that of light stand, the investigation result of tree density section(crowed, middle, little) indicated that crowed stand showed higher value of electric resistance than that of little stand(the value of electric resistance at which low reading show high vigor tree and high reading low vigor tree). The crown width and DBH(diameter of breast height) of external factors showed lower value of electric resistance than that of small size. The results of comparative between Crown area and value of electric resistance in each stand were 13.4m2 in severe stand, 10.9m2 in moderate stand and 7.9m2 in light stand. Therefore, the tree which have big crown showed low value of electric resistance(below 15kΩ)that has high possible of survial. Key word : Thecodiplosis japonensis, electric resistance, crown area