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정신분열병 환자의 우울증에서 Paroxetine과 삼환계 항우울제 병용치료
심주철,공보금,박정환,윤영란,신재국,김정익,안동성,김용관,차인준,김영훈 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.4
저자들은 마산동서병원에 입원중인 우울증이 동반된 정신분열증 환자 10명을 대상으로 사용중인 항정신병약물에 paroxetine과 저용량의 삼환계 항우울제를 6주간 병용투여한 후 우울증상에 대한 효과와 치료의 안전성 및 약물상호작용을 알아보았다. Paroxetine은 고정량의 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제에 부가하여 일일 20㎎을 6주간 병용하게 하였으며, 임상상태는 HDRS, HARS, UKU Side Effect Rating Scale등의 평가척도를 사용하여 평가하였다. 또한 약동학적 약물상호작용은 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 HPLC로 측정하여 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 10명의 전체 대상환자에서의 HDRS 평균점수는 TCA와 paroxetine 병용투여 6주후에 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되었다. 이중 40%의 환자에서는 병용투여 6주후에 HDRS 점수상 50% 이상의 감소를 보여, 일부의 환자들에서는 정신분열병에 동반된 우울증상의 치료에 소량의 삼환계 항우울제와 paroxetine의 병용치료가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 2) 두 명의 환자에게서 심각한 약물독성이 발생하였다. 이중 한 명은 삼환계 항우울제의 높은 혈중농도로 인한 항콜린성 위기(anticholinergic crisis) 소견을 보였으며, 다른 한 명은 인지기능 및 의식수준은 명료하였으나 망상과 환각증상이 약화되는 소견을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서 시도된 복합적 약물치료의 경우, 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도의 측정을 포함한 세심한 임상적 추적이 필요하다고 생각된다. 3) 기저치의 amitriptyline과 그 대사물인 nortriptyline의 농도합. imipramine과 대사물인 desipramine의 농도합은 각각 47.8-226.5ng/㎖. 80.5-395.6ng/㎖였으며 일반적으로 이들 약물들의 단독사용시에 문헌에 보고된 혈중농도를 훨씬 상회하고 있었다. 이는 병용투여된 항정신병 약물 약시 강력한 CYP2D6 효소억제제로서 기저치의 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 이미 상당히 증가시켰던 것으로 판단되며, 그러한 결과로 인해 본 연구에서는 paroxetine이 이전의 문헌보고들과는 달리 뚜렷하게 삼환계 항우울제들의 혈장농도를 증가시키지 못하였다. 본 연구는 SSRI와 삼환계 항우울제의 병합 투여가 우울증의 개선 효과를 빠르게 하고, 치료역을 넓히고, 약물상호작용의 결과 paroxetine이 삼환계 항우울제의 혈중농도를 증가시킨다는 기존의 연구결과를 이용하여 정신분열병 우울증상의 치료에 parotextine과 소량의 삼환계 항우울제를 병용하는 방법을 시도해 본 연구이다. 저자들은 이러한 약물치료가 일부의 환자들에게서 효과가 있음을 관찰하였으나, 항정신병약물과 삼환계 항우울제를 병용투여 할 경우는 물론 이에 paroxetine과 같은 선택적 세로토닌 재흡수 억제제를 병용할 경우 복합약물상호작용의 결과로 약물독성의 위험성이 크며 세심한 주의가 필요함을 경험하였다. Depression is well-known to comorbid with several psychiatric disorders. Many schizophrenics also suffer from depression in the course of their illness. Combined therapy of SSRI and tricyclic antidepressants were reported to have benefits in some depressed patients. Paroxetine, a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor, increases the blood levels of tricyclic antidepressant markedly. Using paroxetine, we tried this combined therapy in the treatment of depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenic inpatients and evaluated its efficacy and drug interactions between paroxetine and tricyclic antidepressants. The following results were obtained : 1) The mean score of Hamilton's Depression Rating Scale(HDRS) was reduced significantly after 6 weeks-trials of this combined therapy for the mild depressive symptoms in 10 chronic schizophrenics. In four patients, 50% or more reductions in the scores of HDRS were noticed at final evaluation. 2) Two among our 10 subjects experienced severe toxic behavioral problems. Anticholinergic crisis with toxic confusion due to high blood levels of tricyclics was found in one patient and the other showed rapid clinical deterioration in his psychotic symptoms such as delusion and hallucination without any consciousness alternation. 3) Baseline plasma levels of tricyclics before adding paroxetine were higher than expected in our chronic schizophrenic subjects maintained with their antipsychotic medications. Several antipsychotics were also known as a potent CYP2D6 inhibitors and to increase the blood levels of tricyclics. Because the blood levels of tricyclics had already increased significantly by the use of antipsychotics, adding paroxetine to antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressant in our subjects could increase the blood levels of tricyclics not so much as previously reported in the literatures.
폴록사머 및 프로필렌글리콜을 이용한 클로트리마졸 고형 좌제의 물리화학적 특성
현경희,오유경,김정애,공경환,김지현,양준호,배명수,김호동,이종달,장현욱,용철순,최한곤 한국약제학회 2005 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.35 No.2
To develop a clotrimazole-loaded solid suppository with poloxamer and propylene glycol, the melting points of various formulations composed of poloxamer 188 (P 188) and propylene glycol were investigated. The dissolution study of clotrimazole delivered by the suppository composed of P 188 and propylene glycol was performed. The mixtures composed of P 188 and propylene glycol were homogeneous. Propylene glycol affected the melting points of poloxamer mixtures. In particular, the mixture [P 188/propylene glycol (70/30%)] with the melting point of about 32°C was a solid form at room temperature and instantly melted at physiological temperature. Furthermore, propylene glycol affected greatly the dissolution rates of clotrimazole from the suppository. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the dissolution of clotrimazole was proportional to the time. Our results indicated that the solid suppository with P 188 and propylene glycol would be a candidate of rectal dosage form for clotrimazole.
Gong, Su-Cheol,Shin, Ik-Sup,Bang, Suk-Hwan,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Ryu, Sang-Ouk,Jeon, Hyeong-Tag,Park, Hyung-Ho,Yu, Chong-Hee,Chang, Ho-Jung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2009 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.16 No.2
The organic-inorganic thin film transistors (OITFTs) with ZnO channel layer and the cross-linked PVP (Poly-4-vinylphenol) gate insulator were fabricated on the patterned ITO gate/glass substrate. ZnO channel layer was deposited by using atomic layer deposition (ALD). In order to improve the electrical properties, $O_2$ plasma treatment onto PVP film was introduced and investigated the effect of the plasma treatments on the electrical properties of the OITFTs. The field effect mobility and sub-threshold slope (SS) values of the OITFT decreased slightly from 0.24 to 0.16 $cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ and from 9.7 to 9.2 V/dec, respectively with increasing RF power from 30 to 50 Watt. The $I_{on/off}$ ratio was about $10^3$ for all samples with $O_2$ plasma treatment.
( Jung Ho Lim ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( So Ri Kim ),( Gong Yong Jin ),( Yang Keun Rhee ),( Heung Bum Lee ),( Seoung Ju Park ),( Chi Ryang Chung ),( Seung Yong Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.114 No.-
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a lung disease, caused by an allergic response to Aspergillus fumigatus. The study aimed to review the characteristics of ABPA in recent ten years. This retrospective analysis was performed on 22 patients with ABPA, diagnosed from January 2002 to December 2011 in a teaching Hospital. Their mean age of patients with ABPA was 54.3 years. Bronchial asthma is the most common previous pulmonary disease and productive cough was the main symptom. The prevalence of bronchial asthma, elevated total IgE level (>158 IU/mL), peripheal blood eosinophilia (>500/mm3), radiologic pulmonary infiltrates (fixed/transient), central bronchiectasis on HRCT, positive skin test for Aspergilus, and precipiting antibodies to Aspergillus furmigatus are 78%, 77%, 82%, 100%, 73%, 81%, and 35%, respectively. Most common HRCT findings are linear or branching centrilobular opacities (tree-in-bud), central bronchiectasis, and mucus plugging. Twenty one patients were treated with oral itraconazole and systemic glucocorticoid. All patients were completely resolved after the treatment with mean period of 19 weeks. Significant radiologic resolution was achieved by 8 week medical treatment in all patients. These data indicate that HRCT is one of the sensitive diagnostic modality for ABPA, especially in case showing central bronchiectasis. As for the treatment, combination therapy with itraconazole and systemic glucocorticoid is very effective therapeutic strategy. Radiologic response can be a good parameter for the determination of therapeutic period.
Gong, Su-Cheol,Ryu, Sang-Ouk,Bang, Seok-Hwan,Jung, Woo-Ho,Jeon, Hyeong-Tag,Kim, Hyun-Chul,Choi, Young-Jun,Park, Hyung-Ho,Chang, Ho-Jung The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2009 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.16 No.4
Two different organic-inorganic hybrid thin film transistors (OITFTs) with the structures of glass/ITO/ZnO/PMMA/Al (staggered structure) and glass/ITO/PMMA/ZnO/Al (inverted staggered structure), were fabricated and their electrical and structural properties were compared. The ZnO thin films used as active channel layers were deposited by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method at a temperature of $100^{\circ}C$. To investigate the effect of the substrates on their properties, the ZnO films were deposited on bare glass, PMMA/glass and ITO/glass substrates and their crystal properties and surface morphologies were analyzed. The structural properties of the ZnO films varied with the substrate conditions. The ZnO film deposited on the ITO/glass substrate showed better crystallinity and morphologies, such as a higher preferred c-axis orientation, lower FWHM value and larger particle size compared with the one deposited on the PMMA/glass substrate. The field effect mobility ($\mu$), threshold voltage ($V_T$) and $I_{on/off}$ switching ratio for the OITFT with the staggered structure were about $0.61\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, 5.5 V and $10^2$, whereas those of the OITFT with the inverted staggered structure were found to be $0.31\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, 6.8 V and 10, respectively. The improved electrical properties for the staggered OITFTs may originate from the improved crystal properties and larger particle size of the ZnO active layer.
고정밀 조향각 센서의 AUTOSAR기반 FlexRay 통신 적용에 관한 연구
남철(Chul Nam),이석우(Seagwoo Lee),정이화(Lee-Hwa Jung),공준호(Jun-Ho Gong),신창민(Chang-Min Shin) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11
AUTOSAR Communication Stack has three different communication stacks (CAN, LIN, FlexRay) for In-Vehicle Network. FlexRay communication stack is divided into three layers, which are Communication Service Layer, Communication Hardware Abstraction Layer and Communication Driver Layer. The modules of Communication Service Layer act as an interface between AUTOSAR SW-C and Communication Hardware Abstraction Layer. They provide flow control and network management mechanisms that make it possible for FlexRay protocol to configure a FlexRay cluster and support several functionalities for retransmission, fragmentation, error control and so on. Communication Hardware Abstraction Layer and Communication Driver Layer play a role in FlexRay media access and frame encoding/decoding. In this study, we explain FlexRay communication stack based on AUTOSAR v3.1 and propose SAS(Steering Angler Sensor) system comprising 4 Flexray nodes
( Hyung Chul Park ),( Do Hoon Kim ),( Eun Jeong Gong ),( Hee Kyong Na ),( Ji Yong Ahn ),( Jeong Hoon Lee ),( Kee Wook Jung ),( Kee Don Choi ),( Ho June Song ),( Gin Hyug Lee ),( Hwoon-yong Jung ),( Ji 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.6
Background/Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of a superficial esophageal neoplasm (SEN) is a technically diffi cult procedure. We investigated the clinical outcomes of ESD to determine its feasibility and effectiveness for the treatment of SEN. Methods: Patients who underwent ESD for SEN between August 2005 and June 2014 were eligible for this study. The clinical features of patients and tumors, histopathologic characteristics, adverse events, results of endoscopic resection, and survival were investigated. Results: ESD was performed in 225 patients with 261 lesions, including 70 cases (26.8%) of dysplasias and 191 cases (73.2%) of squamous cell carcinomas. The median age was 65 years (range, 44 to 86), and the male to female ratio was 21.5:1. Median tumor size was 37 mm (range, 5 to 85) and median procedure time was 45 minutes (range, 9 to 160). En bloc resection was performed in 245 of 261 lesions (93.9%), with complete resection in 234 lesions (89.7%) and curative resection in 201 lesions (77.0%). Adverse events occurred in 33 cases (12.6%), including bleeding (1.5%), perforation (4.6%), and stricture (6.5%). During a median follow-up period of 35.0 months (interquartile range, 18 to 62), none of the patients showed local recurrence. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 89.7% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: ESD is a feasible and effective procedure for the treatment of SEN based on our 10-year experience, which showed favorable outcomes.