작업장 폭력 연구현황에 대한 문헌고찰

윤여경,정최경희 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2019 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: Research on workplace violence has been conducted, but rarely has been organized systematically. In this study, we summarize the definition and classification of workplace violence studies and review the literature on workplace violence. Methods: Using academic search engines PubMed, Google Scholar and DBpia, we found 856 papers including “workplace violence” and “adverse social behavior” AND workplace in the title published until December 2018, and 208 papers were selected. The selected papers were classified by continent and country, year of publication, occupation, classification criteria of workplace violence, and research topic. Results: By country, the number of articles in the United States was the most with 40 (19.2%), followed by China 27 (13%), Korea 16 (7.7%), and Taiwan and Australia 15 (7.2%). By job category, healthcare workers accounted for the largest portion with 162 (79.0%) of the total, and 80 of them were conducted on nurses. Other occupations included civil servants, manufacturing workers, toll collectors and wageworkers. Among the classification methods of workplace violence, 147 (67.4%) articles were classified as type and there was a difference in the type of violence defined for each article. In the research topic, 114 (44.2%) articles analyzed the effects of workplace violence, and 105 (40.7%) articles describe the prevalence and characteristics of workplace violence, and 23 (8.9%) articles analyzing the causes of violence. Conclusion: The research topic is biased toward the field of healthcare, so it is necessary to expand to include various occupations or other specified occupations. It is also necessary to prepare appropriate measures against workplace violence.

지역사회에서 형성된 사회적 지지와 근로자의 사회심리적 스트레스간의 관련성

임화영,김형수,최영환,장성훈,이건세,정최경희,오원기,최재욱,정춘화 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Objective: This study was performed to examine the relationship between community-based social support and psychosocial distress in workers. Methods: The study subjects were 596 workers recruited from 11 companies in Chungju city. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographics, health-related behaviors, job characteristics, job stress, work-based social support, community-based social support and level of psychosocial distress. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that workers with no chronic disease, exercise and sufficient sleep had a higher score of psychosocial distress than those with chronic disease, no exercise, and not enough sleep. Coworker's work-based social support and community-based social support were negatively associated with psychosocial distress. The R square value of total independent variables on psychosocial distress was 0.409, and that of community-based social support on psychosocial distress was 0.052. Conclusion: This study showed that community-based social support served as a protective factor against psychosocial distress in some workers. We recommend the establishment of a worksite stress reduction program in occupational level as well as community-based social support.

제조업사업장의 산업안전보건 비용

오원기,김형수,엄창수,장성훈,이건세,정최경희,김근회,이관형 大韓産業醫學會 2008 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.20 No.1

목적: 산재예방과 근로자의 건강증진을 위하여 대부분의 사업장은 산업안전보건 비용을 지출하고 있다 본 연구는 근로자 규모별 및 업종별 제조업 사업장의 산업안전 보건 비용의 규모 및 구성요소의 상대적 크기를 파악하여 제조업 사업장의 산업안전보건 비용의 수준을 제시하고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년도 동향조사에 참여한 제조업 사업장 중 근로복지공단의 2004년도 확정보험료 자료와 연결이 가능하였던 1,228개 제조업 사업장에 대하여 동향조사에서 파악한 8개 항목의 산재예방 투자비용과 산재보험료 자료를 이용하여 산업안전보건 비용을 계산하였다. 결과: 근로자 1인당 산업안전보건 비용은 근로자 5인 이상 50인 미만 사업장의 경우 99만원,근로자 50인 이상 300인 사업장 87만원 및 근로자 300인 이상 사업장 177만원이었다. 5인 이상 50인 미만 사업장과 50인 이상 300인 미만 사업장에서는 산업안전보건 비용중 산재보험료가 각각 62.8%와 52.8%로 가장 많았으며,다음으로 안전시설 및 보호장치 투자비로 각각 20.1%,19.1%이었다. 300인 이상 사업장에서는 산재보험료 37.5%,인력유지비 23.0%,안전시설 및 보호장비 투자비 22.8% 순이었다. 5인 이상 50인 미만 사업장에 비해 근로자 규모가 증가할수록 인력유지비,활동비,건강관리비 및 기타비용은 유의하게 증가하였으며,작업환경측정비와 산재 보험료는 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 2004년도 제조업 사업장이 지출한 산업안전보건 비용의 수준은 규모별 및 업종별로 매우 다양하였다. 산재 예방과 건강증진 측면에서 산업안전보건 비용에 대한 체계적이고 지속적인 접근이 요구된다. Objective: This study evaluated the cost for occupational health and safety in manufacturing factories in Korea according to the factory's size and the industrial classification. Methods: The costs to prevent occupational injuries and promote the general health of the workers were calculated by using the data of The Occupational Safety and Health Survey in Korea in the year of 2005 and the data of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) Premiums at the same factories for the year of 2004. Results: The mean cost per one worker was as follows: 990,000 won for the factory with 5∼49 workers, 869,000 won for the factory with 50∼299 workers and 1,773,000 won for the factory with more than 300 workers, In the factories with 5∼49 workers and 50∼299 workers, the premium for the IACI was the largest portion of the cost (62.8% and 52.8%, respectively) and the cost for gear to protect workers from dangerous machinehes was the next biggest portion of the cost (20.1% and 19.1%, respectively). The largest portion of the cost in the factories with more than 300 workers was the premium for the IACI (37.5%). Conclusions: The investment costs to prevent occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers were very diverse according to the size of the factories and the industrial classification. To reduce the occupational injuries and to promote the general health of the workers, systematic and continuous approaches to evaluate the investment costs for the occupational health and safety are required.

The COVID-19 Pandemic Response System at University Level : The Case of Safe Campus Model at Ewha Womans University

Kyunghee Jung-Choi,Nackmoon Sung,Sun Hwa Lee,Misun Chang,Hee Jung Choi,Chung-Jong Kim,Nam-Kyong Choi,Hanna Kim,Yi-Jun Kim,Whanhee Lee,Hyesook Park,Eunhee Ha Ewha Womans University School of Medicine 2022 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.45 No.4

In response to the changes in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic situation, Ewha Womans University established Ewha Safe Campus (ESC), an on-campus infection outbreak management system, to allow students and faculty members to safely resume face-to face classes in 2022. The COVID-19 testing station, Ewha Safe Station, is the core element of ESC. Symptomatic students and faculty members perform a combo swab self-PCR test or receive a nasopharyngeal swab PCR test from experts to prevent the spread of COVID-19 through early detection and management. ESC is significant in that it detects infection risks and proactively implements preemptive measures in a university. The COVID-19 health response system model at the university level was applied for the first time in South Korea, reaching a milestone in the history of university health in South Korea. In particular, it is highly valuable that the test was free of charge, as it enabled all of the examinees to have easy access to the test through joint cooperation with the Seegene Medical Foundation. This is a successful example of cooperation between schools and private institutions for public health improvement. In the future, the direct and indirect effects of the establishment and implementation of ESC need to be evaluated and confirmed, and areas requiring improvements need to be identified in preparation for another infectious disease outbreak in the future.

Genotoxicity Tests on 3-Methoxypropanoic acid methyl ester, Methanesulfonic acid and Quinoline

Jung Kwon,Ji-Young Kim,Seng-Min Back,Ji-Yeon Kim,Ok-Hee Kim,Wook-Joon Yu,Sun-kyoung Yoo,Hee-Young Ro,Eunju Kim,Hye-jin Han,Ilseob Shim,Hyun-Mi Kim,Pil Je Kim,Kyunghee Choi 한국실험동물학회 2013 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.2

Expression Analysis of Proline Metabolism-related Genes From Halophyte Arabis stelleri under Osmotic Stress Conditions

Jung, Yuchul,Park, Jungan,Choi, Yunjung,Yang, Jin-Gweon,Kim, Donggiun,Kim, Beom-Gi,Roh, Kyunghee,Lee, Dong-Hee,Auh, Chung-Kyoon,Lee, Sukchan BLACKWELLS 2010 JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY Vol.52 No.10

<P>Arabis stelleri var. japonica evidenced stronger osmotic stress tolerance than Arabidopsis thaliana. Using an A. thaliana microarray chip, we determined changes in the expression of approximately 2 800 genes between A. stelleri plants treated with 0.2 M mannitol versus mock-treated plants. The most significant changes in the gene expression patterns were in genes defining cellular components or in genes associated with the endomembrane system, stimulus response, stress response, chemical stimulus response, and defense response. The expression patterns of three de novo proline biosynthesis enzymes were evaluated in A. stelleri var. japonica seedlings treated with 0.2 M mannitol, 0.2 M sorbitol, and 0.2 M NaCl. The expression of ?¹ -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase was not affected by NaCl stress but was similarly induced by mannitol and sorbitol. The proline dehydrogenase gene, which is known to be repressed by dehydration stress and induced by free L-proline, was induced at an early stage by mannitol treatment, but the level of proline dehydrogenase was increased later by treatment with both mannitol and NaCl. The level of free L-proline accumulation increased progressively in response to treatments with mannitol, sorbitol, and NaCl. Mannitol induced L-proline accumulation more rapidly than NaCl or sorbitol. These findings demonstrate that the osmotic tolerance of the novel halophyte, Arabis stelleri, is associated with the accumulation of L-proline.</P>

Smoking, drinking, and physical activity among Korean adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special report of the 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Choi Sunhye,Bahk Jinwook,Park Suyeon,Oh Kyungwon,Jung-Choi Kyunghee 한국역학회 2022 Epidemiology and Health Vol.44 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe trends in health behaviours between 2011 and 2020 and compare the changes in these behaviours between the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and previous periods according to socio-demographic variables.METHODS: This study used data from the 2011 to 2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Current cigarette smoking, high-risk drinking, and inadequate physical activity levels were used as health behaviour indicators. The age-standardized prevalence, differences in prevalence between the periods, and the annual percentage change (APC) were calculated.RESULTS: Current cigarette smoking showed a decreasing trend (APC, -2.6), high-risk drinking remained unchanged, and inadequate physical activity levels increased (APC, 3.5) during 2011-2020. There were significant differences in high-risk drinking (3.1%p; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3 to 5.9) and inadequate physical activity levels (4.3%p; 95% CI, 0.4 to 8.1) between 2019 and 2020 in men. Among men, increased high-risk drinking was found in those aged 40-49 years, non-single households, urban residents, and the middle and highest income groups between 2019 and 2020. The low educational group and manual workers among men aged 30-59 years also showed an increased proportion of high-risk drinking. Inadequate physical activity levels also increased among men between 2019 and 2020 in those aged 30-39 years, non-single households, urban residents, and the upper-middle-income group.CONCLUSIONS: In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean men’s high-risk drinking and inadequate physical activity levels increased. In addition to social efforts to reduce the spread of infectious diseases, active measures to positively change health behaviour are needed.

Neurological Complications Resulting from Non-Oral Occupational Methanol Poisoning

Choi, Ji-Hyun,Lee, Seung Keun,Gil, Young-Eun,Ryu, Jia,Jung-Choi, Kyunghee,Kim, Hyunjoo,Choi, Jun Young,Park, Sun Ah,Lee, Hyang Woon,Yun, Ji Young The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.2

<P>Methanol poisoning results in neurological complications including visual disturbances, bilateral putaminal hemorrhagic necrosis, parkinsonism, cerebral edema, coma, or seizures. Almost all reported cases of methanol poisoning are caused by oral ingestion of methanol. However, recently there was an outbreak of methanol poisoning via non-oral exposure that resulted in severe neurological complications to a few workers at industrial sites in Korea. We present 3 patients who had severe neurological complications resulting from non-oral occupational methanol poisoning. Even though initial metabolic acidosis and mental changes were improved with hemodialysis, all of the 3 patients presented optic atrophy and ataxia or parkinsonism as neurological complications resulting from methanol poisoning. In order to manage it adequately, as well as to prevent it, physicians should recognize that methanol poisoning by non-oral exposure can cause neurologic complications.</P>

Aluminum Nanoparticles Induce ERK and p38MAPK Activation in Rat Brain

Jung-Taek Kwon,Gyun-Baek Seo,Eunhye Jo,Mimi Lee,Hyun-Mi Kim,Ilseob Shim,Byung-Woo Lee,Byung-Il Yoon,Pilje Kim,Kyunghee Choi 한국독성학회 2013 Toxicological Research Vol.29 No.3

Aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterial in cosmetics and medical materials. For this reason, Al-NP exposure is very likely to occur via inhalation in the environment and the workplace. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of Al-NP neurotoxicity via inhalation exposure. In this study, we investigated the effect AL-NPs on the brain. Rats were exposed to Al-NPs by nasal instillation at 1 mg/kg body weight (low exposure group), 20 mg/kg body weight (moderate exposure group), and 40 mg/kg body weight (high exposure group), for a total of 3 times, with a 24-hr interval after each exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis indicated that the presence of aluminum was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the olfactory bulb (OFB) and the brain. In microarray analysis, the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activity (GO: 0043405), including Ptprc, P2rx7, Map2k4, Trib3, Trib1, and Fgd4 was significantly over-expressed in the treated mice than in the controls (p = 0.0027). Moreover, Al-NPs induced the activation of ERK1 and p38 MAPK protein expression in the brain, but did not alter the protein expression of JNK, when compared to the control. These data demonstrate that the nasal exposure of Al-NPs can permeate the brain via the olfactory bulb and modulate the gene and protein expression of MAPK and its activity.

Special Series I: Working hours as a social determinant of workers’ health

Jung-Choi Kyunghee,Jang Tae-Won,Kang Mo-Yeol,Kim Jungwon,Kim Eun-A 대한직업환경의학회 2023 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

In summary, the content of the studies included in Special Series I indicates that South Korean society still engages in long working hours, with disparities in long working hours across different social strata. Additionally, some shift workers are exposed to excessively long working hours. Currently, high-priority policies include reducing the disparities in working hours, regulating night shift work, and ensuring wage protection to resolve overtime work issues. Flexible working hour policies could lead to irregular working hours for employees, which would have a negative impact on their health. Readers should explore the valuable research presented in AOEM’s Special Series I, and it is hoped that this series will contribute to rational adjustments in policy directions, with a focus on human health.