Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

한국소비재 신제품성패의 결정요인 분석

조남신(Cho Nam Shin),이진주(Lee Jin Joo) 한국경영학회 1980 經營學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

The modern decision environment is characterized by the presence of multiple objectives or goals, which are generally competing or conflicting. Therfore, it has been well established that virtually every decision making problem involves several key criteria. Mathematical programming techniques based on a single objective criterion such as cost minimization or profit maximization are restricted in application to real-world problems. Radford (14) contended that the goal of a global optimum solution should be discarded when considering complex and multiple objective decision problems. Under the modern complex decision environment, it is necessary to simultaneously consider all of the multiple and often conflicting objectives appropriately in selecting a best strategy or policy. Among the various techniques which have been developed to handle multicriteria decision making problems, goal programming is perhaps the most promising approach as it is an appropriate, powerful, flexible, and pragmatic tool. This technique was originally introduced by Charnes and Cooper (2, 3), and further developed by Ijiri (g) and Lee (11). The goal programming model can be solved through the use of a computer program based on an iterative algorithm. Currently, the most widely used computer program is Lee`s program (11) written in Fortran. Another popular algorithm was developed by Ignizio (7). Lee`s and Ignizio`s programs were designed using the modified simplex method. Lee`s and Ignizio`s programs did not consider efficiency in terms of the running time and storage requirements. Computational inefficiency results from unnecessary information being computed from iteration. to iteration. Recently Arthur (1) attempted to design a more efficient algorithm. This algorithm was tested in comparison with Lee`s algorithm in terms of computational time. Arthur`s goal partitioning algorithm is more efficient than the other two algorithms because it reduces the number of computations by modifying the matrix size when the number of subproblems increases and by eliminating unnecessary nonbasic variables. The critical disadvantage of this algorithm is its inability to provide the final optimal simplex tableau required to perform sensitivity analysis. This paper presents a new efficient GP algorithm based on the product represenation of the revised simplex method in order to overcome deficiencies of computational inefficiency on the part of the Lee and Ignizio algorithms and the lack of the final simplex tableau on the part of the Arthur algorithm.

철골커플링 보의 비탄성 이력거동의 해석기법의 제안 및 복합 병렬전단벽구조의 비선형 해석

이주화,박완신,윤현도 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(구조계)

Ductile coupled flexural walls are the primary seismic load resisting systems of many structures. The coupling beams of these structures must exhibit excellent ductility and energy absorption ability. To achieve better ductility and energy absorption than previously possible, the use of steel coupling beams with their ends embedded in the reinforced concrete walls is proposed. But the present analytical method about behavior of steel coupling beam was scarcely anything. This paper composed of two subjects. First subject is a suggestion of analytical method of steel coupling beam, and selected 5 specimens for that. Second subject is a comparison of Seismic performance with RC coupling beam. This paper used IDARC-2D program for the purpose of achievement these subjects. Suggested analytical method expe3cted that it showed good agreement with steel coupling beam inelastic behavior. Comparison result showed that Steel Coupling beams replacing reinforced concrete coupling beams represent a viable structural system.

능동 SC 여파기 설계에 관한 연구 : switched capacitor filter 실현에 관한 연구 A study on The realization of switched capacitor filter

李周信 淸州大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.15 No.2

The switched capacitor has an performance much better than a resistor in the charcteristics of temperature and linear. In this paper, the passive RLC filter circuit can be replaced by switched capacit or of "Leapforg" type. The Error did not ocur theoretically because the approximation is not used. Therefore, passive filter can be design of SC filter exactly and The design of SC filter is using the sampled data thechnique. The theoretical value is agreedment with experemental result, and the higher sampling ratio is, the more characterisitcs of SC filter approached of passive RLC filter.

국내에서 유행하는 HIV의 전파 경로에 따른 Subtype 분포

이주실,남정구,김성순,강춘,최병선,김옥진,박미선,성봉모,서순덕,전수경,변승옥,신영오,조해월 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.5

Background : Previous data have been reported that subtype B is prevalent in South Korea, but neither the extent nor the proportion of subtypes could be evaluated. This study was designed to analyze the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, temporal instructions and transmission dynamics between epidemiological groups. Methods : 1,280 Koreans had been diagnosed as HIV seropositive during the period 1985 to 2000. Among them, 134 individuals were selected for this molecular epidemiological study. 134 DNAs were isolated from uncultured or cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. V3-V5 (0.7 kb) fragment of HIV-1 env gene was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and was sequenced. Results : HIV-1 isolates from thirty-seven homosexuals were all subtype B (100%). On the other hand, 66 isolates from 94 heterosexuals were subtype B (70%) and 28 were non B subtypes (30% : 13 A, 4 C, 2 D, 8 E , 1 G). Only subtype B strains were isolated from 73 males who were infected with HIV inside Korea while 16 B and 20 non B subtype strains were isolated from 36 males who were HIV infected outside of Korea. However, B and non B strains were isolated half and half from females who were infected inside Korea except one. Conclusion : The HIV-1 subtype B strains are prevalent in Korea from the early HIV infection until present in both homo and heterosexuals. Non B strains have been transmitted from men who were infected outside Korea to their spouses and casual partners. So, we need further study to monitor subtype B and non B HIV transmission in epidemiological groups of Korea, (Korean J Infect Dis 33:311∼318, 2001)

항 히스타민제의 H₁ 수용체와 무스카린 수용체에 대한 상대적 역가

이신웅,박영주,이정수 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1994 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.4 No.-

The muscarinic antagonist l-[benzilic-4, 4'-³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate([³H]QNB) bound to a single class of muscarinic receptor with high affinity in guinea pig ileal membranes. The K_(D) and B_(max) values for [³H]QNB calculated from analysis of saturation isotherms were 54 pM and 156 fmol/mg, respectively. H₁-blockers inhibited [³H]QNB binding to ileal membranes with K_(i) values ranged from 0.008 μM to 1.6 μM. The pseudo-Hill coefficients of H₁-blockers for inhibition of [³H]QNB binding to the ileal membranes were close to unit. The K_(i) values for H₁-blockers were similar to the K_(M) values calculated by Schild plot of functional data obtained from inhibition of the carbachol-induced contraction in guinea-pig ileum, suggesting that binding of H₁-blockers vs [³H]QNB in ileal membranes represents an interaction with a receptor of physiological relevance. The K_(H) values of H₁-blockers for H₁-receptor estimated from inhibition of the histamine-induced contraction were the range of 0.15 nM to 56.5 nM. The K_(M)/K_(H) ratio of H₁-blockers varied over a wide range of 3 to 2300. Thus, the antihistaminic potencies of H₁-blockers do not correlate with their antimuscarinic potencies, which suggest that antihistamines have different antimuscarinic potencies in therapeutic blood levels causing similar antiallergic effect. Among 13 traditional antihistaminics examined in this study, drug having the highest and the lowest K_(M)/K_(H) ratio is triprolidine and diphenidol, respectively. The present results demonstrate that the antimuscarinic property of antihistamines is not necessary for their antiallergic effect, and data on the affinity of antihistamines for muscarinic and H₁-receptors can be an important parameter in the selection and evaluation of these drugs.

2차원 연속 화상내에서 물체이동 검출에 관한 연구

李周信 淸州大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.18 No.2

In this paper, for detecting the single moving object, three frames are sampled in two dimensional line sequence image the gray level of each frames is analyed and the bit data of pixels is rearranged so that the difference image is extracted. A detection of the moving object are done by the difference image extraction between the reference gray level from background and the gray level including the moving object in the identical background or the gray level after the identical object is moving. Whether the object is identical or not it is decided by the compraison of a recognition parameters in two difference images. The recognition parameters of the identical object are determined with the gray level of the object, the number of the vertex points.

항 Histamine와 Muscarinic Receptor 와의 상호작용 (Ⅱ) : 대뇌 Muscarinic M1 Receptor 에 대한 작용 Action on the cerebral muscarinic M₁ Receptor

이신웅,박영주,박인숙,이정수 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1991 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.1 No.-

A single uniform population of specific, saturable, high affinity binding site of [³H] guinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) was identified in the rat cerebral microsomes. The Kd value(37.2 pM) for [³H]QNB calculated from the kinetically derived rate constants was in agreement with the Kd value(48.9 pM) determined by analysis of saturation isotherms at various receptor concentrations. Dimenhydrinate(DMH), histamine H₁-blocker, increased Kd value for [³H] QNB without affecting the binding site concentrations and this effect resulted from the ability of DMH to slow [³H]QNB-receptor association. Pirenzepine inhibition curve of [³H]QNB binding was shallow(nH = 0.52) indicating the presence of two receptor subtypes with high (M₁-site) and low(M₂-site) affinity for pirenzepine. Analysis of these inhibition curves yielded that 68% of the total receptor populations were of the M₁-subtype and the remaining 32% of the M₂-subtype. Ki values for the M₁- and M₂-subtypes were 2.42 nM and 629.3 nM, respectively. Ki values for H₁-blockers that inhibited [³H]QNB binding varied with a wide range (0.02-2.5μM). The Pseudo-Hill coefficients for inhibition of [³H]QNB binding by most of H₁-blockers examined except for oxomemazine inhibition of [³H]QNB binding were close to one. The inhibition curve for oxomemazine in competition with [³H]QNB was shallow(nH = 0.74) indicating the presence of two receptor populations with different affinities for this drug. The proportion of high and low affinity was 33:67. The Ki values for oxomemazine were 0.045±0.016 μM for high affinity and 1.145±0.232 μM for low affinity sites. These data indicate that muscarinic receptor blocking potency of H₁-blockers varies widely between different drugs and that most of H₁-blockers examined are nonselective antagonist for the muscarinic receptor subtypes, whereas oxomemazine might be capable of distinguishing between subclasses of muscarinic receptor.

산업훈련 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구 : 가구 판매사원 훈련 프로그램

김신자,주영주,이광희 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1995 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.66 No.1-3

Rapid development of modern society demands incessant cultivation of new knowledge, function and skills. Even if a firm succeeds in securing qualified manpower, continuous training is imperative for the company to adapt to rapidly changing consumer tastes and business environment. Many of large size firms in Korea began to realize the importance of training programs of their employees. Therefore, they are developing their own programs and willing to spend a large portion of their budget to human resource development. Most of small and medium size firms, however, have not understood the necessity of training program of their won employees. Even if some of them want to make an investment on training their own employees. They could not find the right model suitable to small and medium size firms. Therefore, without analyzing the relevance for the model to their situation, they are forced to use the model mainly designed for large scale firms. After brief introduction, in chapter 2, we analyze the needs for new training programs and introduce well-known training models. We cannot, however, apply the models to the furniture industry without major modification to reflect the main features of furniture industry. Therefore, in chapter 3, we develop new graining programs which consist of four steps of need assessment, design, development, formative evaluation and which are more suitable to furniture industry. We do need assessments in four areas-business needs analysis, job analysis, task analysis, and content analyses. In the second step of design, we prepare program specification and road map. In the third step of development, we produce manuals, transparencies, slides and audio pates for the trainee. In the final step, we perform formative evaluation. In the last chapter, after summarizing our research, we make some suggestion on effective training programs for small and medium size firms on the basis of our study.

자궁 무스카린 수용체의 확인 및 분류

이신웅,이정수,박영주 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1992 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.2 No.-

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of the dog unpregant uterus were characterized using [³H]quinuclidinyl benzilate(QNB) as a radioligand and the binding of muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists in the uterus was compared to that in the urinary bladder which contains almost exclusively the M₂ receptors in order to determine the receptor subtypes in the uterus. [³H]QNB binding to uterus and bladder was rapid, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of the saturation data gave linear plots and the Hill coefficients were close to unit, which indicated that each preparation contained a single population of specific binding sites for [³H]QNB. The K_(D) values(120 pM) for QNB were almost identical in both organs, whereas the B_(MAX) value of 256 fmol/mg protein in the uterus was significantly different from that of 563 fmol/mg protein in the bladder. Muscarinic agonists and antagonists inhibited in a competitive manner the [³H]QNB binding to the same extent in both organs. The competition binding studies using antagonists(atropine and pirenzepine) exhibited a single binding site and this site had a low affinity for pirenzepine with the Ki value of about 330 nM. However, high and low affinity binding sites were observed with carbachol, methacholine and oxotremorine. These binding studies with agonists and antagonists did not show any differences in drug affinities between uterus and bladder. These results indicate that the muscarinic receptors in the uterus are M₂ receptors which have a low affinity for pirenzepine.