여성성과 모성의 불행한 또는 광기 어린 조우: <밀양>과 <마더>를 중심으로

주유신 ( Joo You Shin ) 한양대학교 현대영화연구소 2021 현대영화연구 Vol.17 No.1

<밀양>과 <마더>는 페미니즘의 지난한 아젠다 중의 하나인 모성의 문제에 치열하게 천착하면서 인상적인 여성상을 그려낸다. 따라서 본 논문은 두 편의 영화 속에서 여성성과 모성이 어떻게 구성되는가를, 한편으로는 시네페미니즘의 이론과 비평을 경유하면서, 다른 한편으로는 텍스트의 표면과 심층을 횡단하면서 탐색해보고자 한다. <밀양>의 신애는 아들의 죽음이 낳은 고통과의 대면에 실패한 채로 하나님이라는 절대자와의 무모한 영적인 싸움에 나서는 어머니라면, <마더>의 마더는 살인범으로 몰린 아들을 구하기 위해 필사적으로 몸부림치면서 점차 괴물이 되어가는 어머니이다. 그렇다면 두 영화 속에서 아들의 상실과 관련된 상처나 두려움으로 파괴되어 가는 어머니들의 모습은 지배적인 재현의 시스템 내에 갇혀 있는 것으로 봐야 하는가 아니면 모성의 창조적 파괴성에 대한 재현으로 나아가는 또 하나의 경로로 봐야 하는가? 여성들의 말하는 몸과 살아 있는 목소리는 억압적인 권력 담론의 그물망을 뚫고 출몰할 수밖에 없다. 그런 점에서 여성의 히스테리나 광기는 다양한 서사와 이미지들을 통해서 때로는 혐오스러운 비체로서, 때로는 위협적인 메두사로서 남성적인 지배 질서에 대한 분노를 표출하거나 이 질서를 넘어서서 탈주하기도 한다. 물론 파괴적으로 보이는 여성과 모성의 재현이 단지 출구 없음의 증후이거나 변형된 패배의 선언이 될 가능성 역시 존재한다. 따라서 영화 속에서 여성 주체와 관련된 심리적 특성과 개인적 정체성이 양극화를 넘어서서 더 다양하게 그려져야 하고, 이는 재현의 시스템 자체를 변화시켜줄 실제적인 변화 역시 요구한다. Secret Sunshine and Mother portray impressive images of women, fiercely focusing on motherhood, one of long-standing feminist agendas. This paper explores how femininity and motherhood are depicted in those two films; it does so by introducing the theory and criticism of Cine-feminism on the one hand and by traversing the surface and depth of those texts on the other hand. Shin-ae in Secret Sunshine is a mother who fails to face the pain caused by her son’s death and is fighting a reckless spiritual battle with the Absolute of God. The mother in Mother gradually becomes a monster as she struggles desperately to save her son who has been accused of a murderer. It is difficult to say how to perceive the images of the mothers destroyed by traumas or fears related to the loss of their sons. Should those two movies are viewed as being trapped within the dominant system of representation, or rather as another path to the representation of the creative destruction of motherhood? Women’s speaking bodies and living voices have no choice but to haunt through the web of repressive discourse. In that sense, women’s hysteria and madness seem to express anger against the masculine dominant order or break out beyond this order sometimes as the disgusting abject, sometimes as a threatening medusa through various narratives and images. Of course, there is also the possibility that the representation of destructive women and motherhood could be merely a symptom of no exit or a deformed declaration of defeat. Therefore, it is necessary to point out that the psychological characteristics and personal identities of female subjects in films need to be drawn with more variety beyond polarization, and the change in the system of representation requires a practical change in reality.

漢代 樂府民歌의 言語技巧에대한 小考

申柱錫 한국중국문화학회 2003 中國學論叢 Vol.15 No.-

漢代樂府民歌之所以具有迷人的藝術魅力, 取決於詩人對各種語言修辭技法自然, 위貼, 靈活, 創新的運用.淺顯眞切, 渾朴自然, 這可以說是漢代樂府民歌語言風格的最突出特色.這些詩留下一個非常强烈的感覺, 卽們彷佛是人物 “滿心而發, 肆口而成”的, 其語言全似活脫脫的口語, 純任自然, 不假雕飾, 産生了眞切動人的藝術效果, 還和詩人注意對人物動作的傳神描繪有關, 表現在語言上, 也就是精造一些富有表現力的“謂詞”. 漢代樂府民歌語言的第二個藝術特色是其語言形式的自由靈活, 풍富多樣, 사不同於簡質齊整, “句短而調未舒”的四言, 也不同於楚辭的六言夾一“兮”字, 사是三言, 四言, 五言, 六言, 七言都有, 而且完整的五言詩已不少見, 當然最爲常見的還是雜言. 漢代樂府民歌語言形式的自由靈活, 풍富多樣, 旣充分, 감暢地表達了漢代民間作者풍富, 濃鬱的思想感情, 給人以一種內在美, 同質秒合無限, 精妙絶倫的新型詩歌樣式, 無論是雜言還是五言, 都像一股淸新的春風, 給漢代的詩壇帶來了앙然的生機

Silymarin 함유제형, 레가론 캅셀 140^R 및 타 실리마린 제제의 약동학적 특성에 관한 비교 연구

조주연,배균섭,정인숙,유경상,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

청각장애인의 사회통합 영향요인에 관한 연구

신은경,이익섭,손주영 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2009 장애와 고용 Vol.19 No.2

청각장애인은 고용상태가 불안정하며, 삶의 속도가 빨라지는 정보화 시대에 사회통합에 필요한 실제적인 지원체계가 결핍된 채 살아가고 있다. 이러한 상황은 그들의 장애정체감을 왜곡시키고, 타인과의 관계형성에 어려움을 겪게 하며, 나아가 사회통합을 저해하고 있는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 청각장애인의 사회통합에 영향을 미치는 결정요인을 고용유무, 문제실제지지, 장애정체감, 사회적 교제관계로 설정하고 각 영향요인과 사회통합의 관계 경로를 검증해 보았다. 본 연구는 전국에 거주하고 있는 청각장애인 134명을 대상으로 조사하였으며, 확인적 요인분석을 통하여 분석한 결과, 모형의 적합도는 좋은 적합도(close fit)를 보여주었다(TLI .912, CFI .942, RMSEA .049). 변수 간의 관계구조의 검증결과를 보면, 청각장애인의 문제실제지지는 장애정체감에 정적영향을 주며, 장애정체감은 사회적 교제관계에 정적영향을 주고 있었다. 또한 사회적 교제관계는 사회통합에 정적영향을 주었다. 고용유무는 사회통합에 직접효과를 가진다고 검증되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 청각장애인의 고용에 관한 정책적 지원과 그들의 문제를 구체적이고 실제적으로 지지해줄 수 있는 체계의 마련이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 지원체계의 마련이 궁극적으로는 사회통합에 영향을 주며, 동시에 장애인의 긍정적 정체감 형성을 돕고, 친밀한 대인관계를 형성하게 되는 것에도 효과가 있음이 검증된 것이다. The condition of employment the deaf is unstable, and they are maintaining their life with lack of practical support system for social integration in this fast turning information-oriented society. These circumstance distorts their disability identity, distresses on having relationship with other people, moreover it is hindering social integration. At this point, the study verifies the effect factors of the deaf to integrate in society by setting up an employment status, a disability identity, a problemoriented instrumental support and a social association relationship. This research targeted 134 the deaf group from the whole country, and by analyzing confirmatory factor analysis, it revealed suitability of the model is close fit(TLI .912, CFI .942, RMSEA .049). A result for verification in relationship system among variable is that, problemoriented instrumental support has positive relationship with the deaf ’s disability identity and disability identity is also related with social association relationship in affirmative way. It verified that an employment status has direct effect on social integration. Through this research, we felt the necessity of providing the political support for the employment and the system which could sustain their problems concrete and practically. By providing these supports, it will bring a good effect on social integration ultimately, and simultaneously, it will help disabled to form an positive identity, and it verified that it will support them to make a intimate personal relations.

고주파 가열에 따른 반응고 알루미늄합금의 미세조직 특성

신평우,이정환,이상용,노진호,이영선 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 産技硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Semi-solid forming is relatively new process for forming alloys in the semi-solid condition into near net produce. It relies on the behaviour of semi-solid slurrys in which the solid exists in the form of non-dendritic, spheroidal particles in a liquid matrix. Powder of the Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni alloy was manufactured by spray forming and powder metallurgy, one of the rapid cooling method, and its microstructure became fine with several ㎛ size through the extrusion process. Spray forming and powder metallurgy are a rapid solidification process in which capable of producing materials consisted of very fine, uniform particles. Spray forming can be described as incorperating the advantages of powder metallurgy without disadvantages of degassing and consolidation. In this paper, the microstructural evolution of the P/M, S/F Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni alloys and wrought Al 2024 alloys were investigated various heating conditions by high frequency induction heating system.

산업훈련 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구 : 가구 판매사원 훈련 프로그램

김신자,주영주,이광희 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1995 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.66 No.1-3

Rapid development of modern society demands incessant cultivation of new knowledge, function and skills. Even if a firm succeeds in securing qualified manpower, continuous training is imperative for the company to adapt to rapidly changing consumer tastes and business environment. Many of large size firms in Korea began to realize the importance of training programs of their employees. Therefore, they are developing their own programs and willing to spend a large portion of their budget to human resource development. Most of small and medium size firms, however, have not understood the necessity of training program of their won employees. Even if some of them want to make an investment on training their own employees. They could not find the right model suitable to small and medium size firms. Therefore, without analyzing the relevance for the model to their situation, they are forced to use the model mainly designed for large scale firms. After brief introduction, in chapter 2, we analyze the needs for new training programs and introduce well-known training models. We cannot, however, apply the models to the furniture industry without major modification to reflect the main features of furniture industry. Therefore, in chapter 3, we develop new graining programs which consist of four steps of need assessment, design, development, formative evaluation and which are more suitable to furniture industry. We do need assessments in four areas-business needs analysis, job analysis, task analysis, and content analyses. In the second step of design, we prepare program specification and road map. In the third step of development, we produce manuals, transparencies, slides and audio pates for the trainee. In the final step, we perform formative evaluation. In the last chapter, after summarizing our research, we make some suggestion on effective training programs for small and medium size firms on the basis of our study.

남북한 및 중국 중재제도의 비교연구

신군재,이주원 한국중재학회 2007 중재연구 Vol.17 No.2

The legal systems and open-door policies to foreign affairs in North Korea have been followed by those of China. Whereas an arbitration system of South Korea accepted most parts of UNCITRAL Model Law, North Korea has succeeded to an arbitration system of a socialist country. China, under the arbitration system of socialist country, enacted an arbitration act reflected from UNCITRAL Model Law for keeping face with international trends. We have used these three arbitration system as a tool for analyzing an arbitration system in North Korea. With an open-door policy, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act to provide a legal security. Therefore, the core parts of arbitration system in North Korea and China are based on a socialist system while those of South Korea is on liberalism. So, North Korea and China enacted an arbitration act on the basis of institutional arbitration, on the other side, South Korea is based on ad-hoc arbitration. Because of these characters, in terms of party autonomy, it is recognized with the order as South Korea, China and North Korea. Also North Korea enacted separate 'Foreign Economic Arbitration Act' to resolve disputes arising out of foreign economies including commercial things and investments. There are differences in arbitration procedures and appointment of arbitrators : South Korea recognizes parties' autonomy, however parties should follow the arbitration rules of arbitration institutes in North Korea and China. According to an appointment of arbitrators, if parties fail to appoint co-arbitrators or chief arbitrators by a mutual agreement, the court has the right to appoint them. In case of following KCAB's rules, KCAB secretariats take a scoring system by providing a list of candidates. A party has to appoint arbitrators out of the lists provided by arbitration board(or committee) in North Korea. If a party may fail to appoint a chief arbitrator, President of International Trade Arbitration Board(or Committee) may appoint it. In China, if parties fail to appoint a co-arbitrator or a chief arbitrator by a mutual agreement, Secretary general will decide it. If a arbitral tribunal fails to give a final award by a majority decision, a chief arbitrator has the right for a final decision making. These arbitration systems in North Korea and China are one of concerns that our companies take into account in conducting arbitration procedures inside China. It is only possible for a party to enforce a final arbitral award when he applies an arbitration inside North Korea according to International Trade Arbitration Act because North Korea has not joined the New York Convention. It's doubtful that a party might be treated very fairly in arbitration procedures in North Korea because International Trade Promotion Commission controls(or exercises its rights against) International Trade Arbitration Commission(or Board).

유언대용신탁과 유류분반환청구의 관계

신주희 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2018 Ewha Law Review Vol.8 No.-

신탁은 탄력적이고 유연한 설계가 가능하다는 점에서 새로운 재산승계수단으로 활용될 수 있다. 2012년 7월 26일부터 시행된 개정신탁법은 유언대용신탁(신탁법 제59조)과 수익자연속신탁(동법 제60조)을 규정하고 있다. 유언대용신탁과 유언대용신탁과 결합한 수익자연속신탁은 민법상 상속과의 관계에서 충돌을 일으킬 수 있는데, 특히 민법상 유류분제도와의 관계가 문제된다. 이는 유류분산정의 기초재산에 신탁재산이나 수익권을 포함시켜야 하는지 여부, 유류분반환청구의 상대방은 누가 되어야 하는지 여부, 유류분반환의 방법은 어떻게 되는지에 있다고 요약된다. 유류분산정의 기초재산의 문제와 관련하여, 유언대용신탁에서 신탁재산은 대내외적으로 수탁자에게 이전한다는 점, 실제 활용에서 수익권을 기초재산에 산입하기 어려운 점에서, 신탁재산을 유류분산정의 기초재산 중 증여재산에 준하여 이를 산입하는 것이 타당하다. 이에 논리상응하여 유류분반환청구의 상대방은 수탁자로 보아야 하고, 그 반환방법은 신탁재산 자체가 되어야 할 것이지만 신탁의 존속이라는 관점에서 가액반환이 가능할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. Succession by trusts makes estate planning over multi-generations possible and creates a flexible succession structure. The revised Trust Act, effective as of July 26, 2012, recognizes the succession of property by trust as will substitute and trusts with successive beneficiaries. Trust as will substitute and trusts with successive beneficiaries combined with trust as will substitute may cause conflict with inheritance under Civil Law, especially in regards to forced share. Some key points are as follows: whether to include trust property or beneficial interests when calculating the basic property of forced share, to whom one should claim the return of forced share, and the means of its return. In relation to the problem of calculating the basic property of forced share, trust property should be included as an inheritance considering the transfer of trust property to trustee both internally and externally as well as the difficulty of estimating the value of the beneficial interests. Accordingly, the claim for the return of forced share should be made against trustee and the way should be to return the value of trust property.

漢代 樂府民歌의 修辭技法 : 比喩와 起興을 중심으로

申柱錫 한국중국문화학회 2001 中國學論叢 Vol.12 No.-

漢代樂府民歌之所以具有迷人的藝術燼力, 除了誇人採取適切其情意表達的多種敍事技巧密切相關以外, 還取決於誇人對各種言語修辭技法自然, 靈活, 創奫的運用. 因此, 本文擬從語言修辭美學的角度來進一步探討漢代樂府民默的藝衛繼力, 뇌喩, 是詩歌創作中極其常見的一種修辭拉法, 究其原因, 大槪是因爲詩歌뇌其他文學樣式更需要借用形象來說話, 沒有比喩, 誇人注往難以將其複雜微妙而又不可捉摸的情感根好地表現出來, 從而也就不太容易給人以一種具體, 深切的藝術感受. 比喩就是將兩個本不相關的事物放在一起可以比較, 尋其相似點,以使所欲說明的事物更加明昞, 具體, 可感, 比喩用得好, 除了可以讓不易形容盡態的事物以一種具象化的方式展示其魃力, 給人以美的陶怡以外, 還加以使原事物獲得一種辯新的, 擴展的, 特殊的, 彧更準確的意義, 뇌喩的方法中最爲常見常用的是明喩, 隱喩, 借喩, 興和比一樣是詩歌(特別是民歌)劍作中廣泛使用的-種修辭性的表現法,害的主要含義是先說別的似予無關的事, 再引出所要歌軟的事. 比和興注往不易區分, 興是因物感觸, 似無心湊合, 뇌則是索物以將心中先存有的某種思想情感托附其上:"뇌類雖繁, 以切至爲貴", 而興則因觸物才起情生意, 拿楊萬里的話說卽;"是物是事適然觸李我, 我之意亦適然感乎是物是事, 觸發焉, 感觸焉, 而是詩出焉," 我們欣賞這些高妙, 自然, 揮朴, 別致的修辭表現法, 就象置身於一冷野花爛爆約原野, 一邊呼吸着沁人心脾的泥土氣息(民歌都是深置於現責生活的土壞之中, 自然生長, 開放出來的, 故而少見有彫琢之痕), 一邊採縝着這些絢麗逃人的小花, 眞有一種美不勝收之感, 可以說渙有這些小花的修飾, 點綴, 漢代樂府民歌這塊誇歌原地, 是不會有讓人陶醉的藝術離力. 因此, 硏究漢代樂府民歌,理應高度重視詩人們對這些修辭拉法的巧妙運用.

급성 심근경색 초기에 도플러 심초음파를 이용한 좌심실 이완기 기능의 평가

신원용,김주성,김철현,이광희,최태명,현민수,김성구,권영주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background : Congestive heart failure after acute myocardial infarction relate to left ventricular systolic sysfunction. Also, left ventricular diastolic function contribute to heart failure. The aims of this study were, firstly to characterize left ventricular diastolic function by transmitral flow velocity, and secondly to study the significance of Doppler measurements in relation to the development of heart failure in the early phase of myocardial infarction. Method : Pulsed Doppler echocardiography of transmitral flow was assessed in 34 patients with acute myocardial infarction. According to the Doppler transmitral flwo velocity profile, the study patients were assigned to the three groups: normal filling pattern (DT > 140ms, IVRT < 100ms), relaxation abnormality (DT > 140ms, IVRT ≥ 100ms), pseudonormal or restrictive pattern (DT ≤ 140ms). Also, on the basis of the presence of heart failure during first week of hospitalization, the patients were divided into two groups: patients with no sign of heart failure (Killip class Ⅰ) and heart failure (Killip class Ⅱ-Ⅳ). Results : Of the 34 patients studied, 10(29%) were normal filling pattern, 17(50%) abnormal relaxation and 7(21%) were restrictive patterns. The left ventricular ejection fraction(EF, 40 ±6%) of restrictive pattern was significantly lower than that of normal filling pattern of abnormal relaxation(p < 0.01). And, the IVRT, DT, E/A and left ventricular EF were reduced in patients with heart failure(14 patients) compared to no sign of heart failure(20 patients)(p<0.05). Of the patients with heart failure, IVRT and left ventricular EF were reduced in patients with DT≤140 ms compared to DT> 140ms(p=0.001). Conclusion : Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is present early after onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function complements measurements of systolic function in the evaluation of cardiac function. DT, IVRT, E/A and left ventricular EF are useful predictors for development of congestive heart failure following acute myocardial infarction.