Beneficial and adverse effects of toad venom, a traditional Oriental medicine

Xie Jing-Tian,Maleckar Spring A.,Yuan Chun-Su Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2002 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.2 No.1

Toad venom, 'Chan su' in Chinese and 'somso' in Korean, is a well-known traditional oriental medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of the toad. Formulations of toad venom have been widely applied in China, Japan, Korea and other oriental countries for a long time. It is often found in traditional Chinese formulations, such as Jiuxin (or Kyushin in Japan), Yixin, Huoxin, Shexiang baoxin wan, Lu shen wan and Laryngitis pills. According to a pharmaceutical chemistry study, toad venom contains multiple biological active substances, such as bufalin, resibufogenin and cinobufagin. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that toad venom has multiple pharmacological actions, including acting as a cardiotonic, antitumor local anesthetic effects, stimulates the respiratory center, vasopressor action, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Like other medications, toad venom also has certain toxicity and adverse effects, for example, inducing delayed afterdepolarization and triggered arrhythmia. The major chemical constituents, basic pharmacological actions and adverse reactions of toad venom are discussed in this article.

학령기 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애의 임상적 평가와 공존 질환들

양수진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2008 신경정신의학 Vol.47 No.5

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common mental disorder m childhood and results m substantial impairment in peer, family and academic functioning. The three most important components to a comprehensive evaluation of patients with ADHD are the clinical interview, the medical examination, and the completion and scoring of behavior rating scales. In recent years, evidence has been accumulating regarding hi? levels of comorbidity between ADHD and a number of disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders and conduct disorders. The clinician must evaluate the patient with ADHD for the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. The objective of this article is to review the literature on the diagnosis and comorbidity of ADHD in school-aged children.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Investment Climate Analysis of China and South Korea: Based on Grading Method

Jing LI(Jing LI),Xin Yu XU(Xin Yu XU),Jie XU(Jie XU),Shuai SU(Shuai SU),Fan ZHANG(Fan ZHANG) 한국4차산업학회 2022 4차산업연구 Vol.2 No.2

Purpose - This study analyzes the investment environment of South Korea by using the rating scale of Robert B Stobaugh, Jr, and draws conclusion implication. Research design, data, and methodology - The study conducted a survey on according to the political stability, capital repatriation, foreign ownership allowed, discrimination and controls, foreign vs domestic businesses, currency stability, willingness to grant tariff protection, availability of local capital, and annual inflation for last 5 years. The score of these eight aspects will be given based on the current situation in South Korea and the sum of the scores will be calculated. Result - China-Korea economic and trade relations are in a stage of transformation and upgrading, and the level of economic and trade cooperation in various fields is reaching a new level. It is hoped that Chinese enterprises will grasp business opportunities, strengthen research and analysis of the Korea market and achieve mutually beneficial cooperation. Conclusion - The investment environment of South Korea is superior according to the political stability, capital repatriation, foreign ownership allowed, discrimination and controls, foreign vs domestic businesses, currency stability, willingness to grant tariff protection, availability of local capital, and annual inflation for last 5 years.

Association Between C1019T Polymorphism in the Connexin 37 Gene and Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Gastric Cancer

Jing, Yuan-Ming,Guo, Su-Xia,Zhang, Xiao-Ping,Sun, Ai-Jing,Tao, Feng,Qian, Hai-Xin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: To investigate the association between the connexin 37 C1019T polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer. Methods: 388 patients with gastric cancer (GC), 204 with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) were studied. H. pylori was detected by gastric mucosal biopsies biopsy dyeing method. Connexin 37 gene polymorphism 1019 site genotypes were determined by gene sequencing technology. Genotypes and alleles frequencies were compared. Results: (1) Connexin37 gene 1019 site distribution frequency (CC type, TC type, TT type) in the CSG group was 18.1%, 45.1% and 36.8%; in the stomach cancer group it was 35.1%, 45.9% and 19.%, conforming to the Hardy-Weinberg euilibrium. (2) In comparison with CSG group, the frequency of Connexin37 C allele was higher in the gastric cancer group (58.0% vs 40.7%, OR = 2.01, 95%CI = 1.58-2.57, P < 0.01). The prevalence of gastric cancer risk was significantly increased in the carriers of C allele (CC+TC) than in TT homozygote (OR = 2.47, 5%CI = 1.68- 3.610. (3) Gastric cancer patients complicated with Hp infection 211 cases, gastric cancer group of the male patients with HP positive patients with 187 cases, 40 cases of female patients with negative patients, 24 cases were HP positive, negative in 137 cases, control group male patients, 28 cases were Hp positive, negative in 95 patients, female patients with Hp positive 6 cases, 75 cases were negative. On hierarchical analysis, the male group OR value was 15.9 (95%CI to 9.22-27.3), and the female OR was 2.19 (95%CI 0.88-5.59), indicating a greater contribution in males (P <0.01). After elimination of gender effects, positive HP and gastric cancer were closely related (OR 8.82, 95% CI: 5.45-14.3). (4) The distribution frequency of C allele in patients with Hp infection was much higher than that in Hp negative cases in the GC group (64.5% vs 47.0%, OR = 2.05, 95%CI = 1.54-2.74, P < 0.01). Compared with TT homozygotes, (CC+TC) genotype prevalence of gastric cancer risk increased significantly (OR = 2.96, 5%CI = 1.76-2.99 ). Conclusion: The T allele in the connexin37 gene might not only be associated with gastric cancer but also with H. pylori infection.

A carbon-coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material with an enhanced high-rate capability and long lifespan for lithium-ion batteries

Su, Jing,Wu, Xing-Long,Lee, Jong-Sook,Kim, Jaekook,Guo, Yu-Guo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.1 No.7

AN EMERGING CHANGE IN LUXURY BRAND CONSUMPTION: AN INTERVIEW STUDY OF CHINESE YOUNG CONSUMERS

Jing Su,Jee Young Lee 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2021 No.11

Effects of Panax notoginseng, ginsenoside Rb1, and notoginsenoside R1 on proliferation of human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells

Xie, Jing-Tian,Aung, Han H,Wang, Chong Zhi,Mehendale, Sangeeta R,McEntee, Eryn,Wicks, Sheila,Li, Jing,Yuan, Chun-Su Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2006 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.6 No.4

In this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative effects of Panax notoginseng, ginsenoside Rb1, and notoginsenoside R1 in the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell line. Our results indicated that both Panax notoginseng radix extract (NRE) and Panax notoginseng rhizoma extract (NRhE) possess significant antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 cells. Compared to control group (100%), at the concentrations of 0.05, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/ml NRE, cell growth was concentration-dependently reduced to 81.0 ${\pm}$ 6.1 (P < 0.01), 34.2 ${\pm}$ 4.8 (P < 0.001), and 19.3 ${\pm}$ 1.9 (P < 0.001), respectively. Similar results with NRhE at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml were obtained in these MCF-7 cells. To identify the responsible chemical constituent, we tested the antiproliferation effects of two representative saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and notoginsenoside R1, on the MCF-7 cells. The data showed that ginsenoside Rb1 was endowed with antiproliferative properties, while notoginsenoside R1 did not have an inhibitory effect in the concentrations tested. Our studies provided evidence that Panax notoginseng extracts and ginsenoside Rb1 may be beneficial, as adjuvants, in the treatment of human breast carcinoma.

Synthesis, Characterization and Property Studies on a Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex with Dipyridine Derivate and Acetylacetone

Pu Su Zhao,Zhi Yan Guo,Jing Sui,Jing Wang,Fang Fang Jian 대한화학회 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.1

A dinuclear copper(II) complex of [Cu_2(aceace)4(dipyph)] [aceace = acetylacetone, dipyph = 1,4-di(4-pyridylethene-2-yl-)benzene] has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c, with lattice parameters a = 7.9584(16) Å, b =18.594(4) Å, c = 15.063(4) Å, β = 120.97(2)^o and Mr = 807.85 (C_40H_44Cu_2N_2O_8), Z = 2. Each of the Cu^2+ ion adopts a square pyramid geometry and coordinates with four oxygen atoms from two aceace ligands and one nitrogen atom from dipyph bidentate ligand. Magnetic measurement shows that the Weiss constant and Curie constant for the title compound are ‒0.22 K and 0.1154 emu·K/mol, respectively. Thermal stability data indicate that the title complex undergoes two steps decomposition and the residue is Cu_2O_4. In the potential range of ‒1.5 ~ 0.8 V, the title complex represents an irreversible electrochemical process.

The Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on JNK in Oxidative Injury in Cardiomyocytes

Chun-Su Yuan,Jing Li,Zuo-Hui Shao,Jing-Tian Xie,Chong-Zhi Wang,Srinivasan Ramachandran,Jun-Jie Yin,Han Aung,Chang-Qing Li,Gina Qin,Terry Vanden Hoek 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.7

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce oxidative injury via iron interactions (i.e. Fenton chemistry and hydroxyl radical formation). Our prior work suggested that American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re were highly cardioprotective against oxidant stress. To extend this study, we evaluated the protective effect of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside Rb1 (gRb1)on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in cardiomyocytes and explored the ROS-mediated intracellular signaling mechanism. Cultured embryonic chick cardiomyocytes (4-5 day) were used. Cell death was assessed by propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase release. Pretreatment with gRb1 (0.01, 0.1, or 1 μM) for 2 h and concurrent treatment with H2O2 (0.5 mM) for 2 h resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of cell death, 36.6 ± 2.9% (n = 12, p < 0.05), 30.5 ± 5.1% (n = 12, p < 0.05) and 28.6 ± 3.1% (n = 12, p < 0.01) respectively, compared to H2O2-exposed cells (48.2 ± 3.3%, n = 12). This cardioprotective effect of gRb1 was associated with attenuated intracellular ROS generation as measured by 6-carboxy-2’, 7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential as determined using JC-1. In the ESR study, gRb1 exhibited the scavenging DPPH and hydroxyl radical activities. Furthermore, our data showed the increased JNK phosphorylation (p-JNK) in H2O2-exposed cells was suppressed by the pretreatment with gRb 1 (1 μM) (p < 0.01). Co-treatment of gRb1 with a specific inhibitor of JNK SP600125 (10 μM) further reduced the p-JNK and enhanced the cell survival after H2O2exposure. Collectively, our results suggest that gRb1 conferred cardioprotection that was mediated via attenuating ROS and suppressing ROS-induced JNK activation.