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Simultaneous Determination of 80 Unapproved Compounds using HPLC and LC-MS/MS in Dietary Supplements
Kwon, Jeongeun,Shin, Dasom,Kang, Hui-Seung,Suh, Junghyuck,Lee, Gunyoung,Lee, Eunju Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2022 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.13 No.3
We developed analytical methods using high performance chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of 80 unapproved compounds in dietary supplements. The target compounds for analysis were unapproved ingredients (e.g., pharmaceuticals) that have potential adverse effects on consumers owing to accidental misuse, overuse, and interaction with other medication in dietary supplement. Two analytical methods were tested to identify the optimal validation results according to AOAC guideline. As a result, limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.14-0.5 ㎍ mL<sup>-1</sup>; linearity (r<sup>2</sup>) was ≥ 0.99; accuracy (expressed as recovery) was 78.9-114%; precision (relative standard deviation) was ≤ 4.28% in the HPLC method. In the LC-MS/MS method, LOQ was 0.01-2 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>, linearity (r<sup>2</sup>) was ≥0.98, accuracy was 71.7-119%; precision was ≤ 12.5%. The developed methods were applied to 51 dietary supplements collected from 2019 to 2021 through MFDS alert system. Based on our previous monitoring study, major compounds were icariin, sibutramine, yohimbine, sildenafil, tadalafil, sennosides (A, B), cascarosides (A, B, C, D), and phenolphthalein. In this study, we re-analyzed samples of detected compounds, and evaluated the statistical difference using Bland-Altman analysis to compare two analytical approaches between HPLC and LC-MS/MS. These results showed a good agreement between two methods that can be used to monitor the unapproved ingredients in dietary supplements. The developed two methods are complementarily suitable for monitoring the adulteration of 80 unapproved compounds in dietary supplements.
코로나바이러스감염증-19 대응을 위한 국가별 재정지원 방식 고찰: 의료기관에 대한 재정지원을 중심으로
이정은,김주영,한주희,권오탁 건강보험심사평가원 2023 HIRA RESEARCH Vol.3 No.2
Korea initially adopted a policy of universal hospitalization for all confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) irrespective of symptoms, to prevent the spread of coronavirus in the absence of vaccines and treatments. However, this approach led to a shortage of beds to accommodate patients with COVID-19. To address this shortage, the government compensated those medical institutions that provided beds. This study reviewed the compensation methods and levels in Korea and foreign countries during COVID-19 pandemic to create a sustainable financial support system for future infectious disease situations. The study results are as follows: (Korea) The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 is about 0.1%, and total expenditure due to COVID-19 is about 22.7 trillion won. (Japan) The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 is about 0.2%, and total expenditure due to COVID-19 is about 106 trillion won. (Germany) The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 is about 0.4%, and total expenditure due to COVID-19 is about 72 trillion won. (Taiwan) The mortality rate of patients with COVID-19 is about 0.4%, and total expenditure due to COVID-19 is about 7.8 trillion won. Many experts worldwide predict the occurrence of a large-scale infectious disease like COVID-19 in near future. This study is expected to serve as evidence for creating a sustainable financial support system in the event of a future infectious disease situation.
Properties of PSL, TL, and ESR to Identify the Irradiated Sesame Seeds after Steaming
Jeongeun Lee,Tusneem Kausar,Hyung-Wook Chung,Il-Yun Jeong,Ijaz A. Bhatti,Joong-Ho Kwon 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.2
Three physical methods, photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), and electron spin resonance (ESR), have been applied to detect the irradiation treatment for the non- and steamed sesame seed samples. PSL successfully screened the irradiated samples from the non-irradiated control by comparing their photon counts (PCs) with the lower (less than 700 count/60 sec) and upper threshold values (higher than 5,000 count/60 sec). TL signals were still detected in all irradiated samples even after steaming, which was reconfirmed with TL ratios [integrated area of TL₁ (the first glow)/TL₂ (the second glow)] through re-irradiation step. ESR spectrometry showed that radiation-induced cellulose radicals were detected in all the irradiated samples irrespective of steaming treatment. Identification of the irradiated sesame seeds was possible even after steaming by analyzing PSL, TL, and ESR.