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Spatial distribution of <i>Heterodera trifolii</i> in Chinese cabbage fields
Kabir, Md. Faisal,Mwamula, Abraham Okki,Lee, Jae-Kook,Jeong, Mungi,Lee, DongWoon,Park, Jung Joon 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Although <I>Heterodera trifolii</I> is commonly known as the clover cyst nematode, recently the nematode has been identified as a serious menace for Chinese cabbage growers in highland areas in Korea. Soil samples were collected from two Chinese cabbage fields highly infested with <I>H. trifolii</I> in highland areas of Korea, Jungsun and Samcheok, in 2014 and 2015, respectively. A total of 777 (2 × 2 m sampling area) and 414 (5 × 5 m area) soil samples were collected from Jungsun and Samcheok, respectively. The total cysts, cysts with eggs, number of eggs, and empty cysts were calculated for each sample. Distribution patterns for these variables were characterized using spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) and variogram model analysis. The aggregation index for cysts with eggs was higher in Jungsun (89.32) than Samcheok (3.63), which indicated that the cyst population density was higher. However, the spatial association of total cysts versus cysts with eggs was higher in Samcheok. The Gaussian model showed reasonable independent range of the nematode in Jungsun and Samcheok to be approximately 53.66 m and 48.54 m, respectively. The model suggested that each nematode sample should be taken at least 50 m apart in the given areas. Inclusion of this distribution pattern may significantly minimize the number of samples in future sampling methods, which could save time and labor, and initiate management practices by elucidating spatial variability factors that influence crop yield.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Aggregation pattern of <I>H. trifolii</I> was identified from two highly infested fields. </LI> <LI> Semivariogram analysis predicted the independent data range for both fields. </LI> <LI> Independent range from Gaussian model can minimize future sampling number and time. </LI> <LI> Nematode management can be initiated by elucidating spatial variability factors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Antimicrobial Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Related Compounds
Kabir, Faisal,Katayama, Shigeru,Tanji, Noriko,Nakamura, Soichiro The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural chemical ester composed of caffeic acid and (-)-quinic acid, and is further metabolized into active compounds in the living body. Here, we aimed to provide fundamental information on the antimicrobial action of CGA and related compounds against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli IFO 3301. Bacteriostatic effects were assessed by spectrophotometry, and bactericidal effects were determined by enumerating viable cells on MacConkey agar plates. CGA and related compounds exhibited specific antimicrobial activity and corresponding reduction in log survival ratio, in which ferulic, isoferulic, benzoic, and hydroxybenzoic acids exhibited obvious antimicrobial activity against E. coli. In a time-kill assay, it was observed that bactericidal effects were associated with treatment time, temperature, and dose. A reduction in log survival ratio was observed at low pH as well as under thermal stress condition. Thus, we demonstrated that CGA and related compounds have not only bacteriostatic effects but also bactericidal effects.
Faisal Kabir,Mosammad Shahin Sultana,Heri Kurnianta 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.3
Grape pomace is an abundant source of underutilized winery by-products. Polyphenols were extracted from grape pomace using cellulase and gluco-amylase enzymes. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu’s assays were used to measure antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic contents. Both cellulase, and gluco-amylase digested grape pomace showed efficient radical scavenging activity. In addition, the total polyphenolic contents of cellulase digested grape pomace showed lower concentrations were effective compared to higher concentrations, whereas glucoamylase enzyme did not show remarkable variations. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenolic contents were significantly higher in the cellulase digested grape pomace compared to the gluco-amylase digested and the not digested grape pomace. It is notable that enzymatic digestions were efficient for extracting polyphenols from grape pomace. The underutilized grape pomace polyphenols can be further used for food safety as a natural antioxidant.
Kabir Md. Faisal,Mwamula Abraham Okki,DongWoon Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
Heterodera trifolii, mostly known as clover cyst nematode, is currently a serious problem for Chinese cabbage growers of the highland area in Korea. Due to lack of readily information about the nematode on Chinese cabbage in Korea, the pest steadily spread within the highland areas and has become a serious setback. Occurrence, spatial aggregation, egg hatching and the pathogenicity of this nematode are depicted in this study from ecological point of view. The study results suggest site-specific control and a potential planting time for the cabbage to avoid severe damage caused by this nematode.
Kabir, Faisal,Sultana, Mosammad Shahin,Kurnianta, Heri The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.3
Grape pomace is an abundant source of underutilized winery by-products. Polyphenols were extracted from grape pomace using cellulase and gluco-amylase enzymes. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Folin-Ciocalteu's assays were used to measure antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic contents. Both cellulase, and gluco-amylase digested grape pomace showed efficient radical scavenging activity. In addition, the total polyphenolic contents of cellulase digested grape pomace showed lower concentrations were effective compared to higher concentrations, whereas glucoamylase enzyme did not show remarkable variations. The DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenolic contents were significantly higher in the cellulase digested grape pomace compared to the gluco-amylase digested and the not digested grape pomace. It is notable that enzymatic digestions were efficient for extracting polyphenols from grape pomace. The underutilized grape pomace polyphenols can be further used for food safety as a natural antioxidant.
Antimicrobial Effects of Chlorogenic Acid and Related Compounds
Faisal Kabir,Shigeru Katayama,Noriko Tanji,Soichiro Nakamura 한국응용생명화학회 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.3
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural chemical estercomposed of caffeic acid and (-)-quinic acid, and is furthermetabolized into active compounds in the living body. Here, weaimed to provide fundamental information on the antimicrobialaction of CGA and related compounds against the Gram-negativebacterium Escherichia coli IFO 3301. Bacteriostatic effects wereassessed by spectrophotometry, and bactericidal effects weredetermined by enumerating viable cells on MacConkey agar plates. CGA and related compounds exhibited specific antimicrobialactivity and corresponding reduction in log survival ratio, inwhich ferulic, isoferulic, benzoic, and hydroxybenzoic acidsexhibited obvious antimicrobial activity against E. coli. In a timekillassay, it was observed that bactericidal effects were associatedwith treatment time, temperature, and dose. A reduction in logsurvival ratio was observed at low pH as well as under thermalstress condition. Thus, we demonstrated that CGA and relatedcompounds have not only bacteriostatic effects but alsobactericidal effects.
Spatial distribution of Heterodera trifolii in Chinese cabbage fields
Md. Faisal Kabir,Abraham Okki Mwamula,이재국,정문기,이동운,박정준 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
Although Heterodera trifolii is commonly known as the clover cyst nematode, recently the nematode has been identified as a serious menace for Chinese cabbage growers in highland areas in Korea. Soil samples were collected from two Chinese cabbage fields highly infested with H. trifolii in highland areas of Korea, Jungsun and Samcheok, in 2014 and 2015, respectively. A total of 777 (2×2m sampling area) and 414 (5×5m area) soil samples were collected from Jungsun and Samcheok, respectively. The total cysts, cysts with eggs, number of eggs, and empty cysts were calculated for each sample. Distribution patterns for these variables were characterized using spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) and variogram model analysis. The aggregation index for cysts with eggs was higher in Jungsun (89.32) than Samcheok (3.63), which indicated that the cyst population density was higher. However, the spatial association of total cysts versus cysts with eggs was higher in Samcheok. The Gaussian model showed reasonable independent range of the nematode in Jungsun and Samcheok to be approximately 53.66m and 48.54 m, respectively. The model suggested that each nematode sample should be taken at least 50m apart in the given areas. Inclusion of this distribution pattern may significantly minimize the number of samples in future sampling methods, which could save time and labor, and initiate management practices by elucidating spatial variability factors that influence crop yield.
Md. Faisal Kabir,이재국,정문기,Mwamula Abraham Okki,최영호,이동운 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
Heterodera schachtii is a well-known, destructive pathogen of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa pekinensis) in Korea,and several studies have attempted to find a potential control measure against it. This study is the first toinvestigate the effects of varying temperature on the reproduction and damage potential of H. schachtii toChinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage plants were inoculated with H. schachtii at different densities (1, 2, or 4juveniles per gram of soil) and grown under three temperature regimes: constant (15, 20, or 25 °C), increasing(10, 14, and 18 °C), and fluctuating (positive, 16.7–22.0 °C; negative, 21.5–11.5 °C). At a constant temperatureafter 30 days of inoculation, both Chinese cabbage and H. schachtii performed best at 20 °C. However, after60 days of inoculation, H. schachtii had a significantly higher population at 20 °C, whereas cabbage growth wasbest at 25 °C. With increasing temperature, the numbers of cysts and females did not change significantly, andreached maxima at an initial temperature of 14 °C. However, the number of leaves and weights of the Chinesecabbage plants significantly differed at 14 °C. Under fluctuating temperatures, temperature decreases reducedthe H. schachtii population.