지식의 유형과 문제해결의 관계에 관한 분석

정수현 명지대학교예술체육연구소 2006 예술체육논집 Vol.17 No.-

Although the importance of fostering the ability of problem-solving has been emphasized in a variety of fields, it is hard to find an explicit direction to its method or the role of knowledge in solving problems. To find out the relationship between knowledge and problem-solving, this study focuses on analyzing the correlation between the two factors through the game of baduk regarded as a useful model of complex problem-solving. The research results are as follows: First, in the subjects' performance, there was a significant positive correlation among baduk strength, knowledge, and problem-solving. Second, in the relationship between the types of knowledge and problem-solving, conditional knowledge shows the highest relation, followed by procedural knowledge, while declarative is the lowest. Third, the types of knowledge reveals a meaningful correlation with the steps of exploring and implementing solutions in the sub-factors of problem-solving, but no significant relation with the steps of identifying and defining the problem. Among the three kinds of knowledge, conditional knowledge indicates a remarkably high relationship with exploration and implementation stages. Fourth, many low-level baduk players who are lacking in related knowledge had serious difficulty with problem-solving, even giving up their attempt, whereas professionals surprisingly made mistakes in solving not very difficult problems. These results imply that conditional knowledge plays an important role in ill-structured authentic problem-solving, and therefore students should be provided with the opportunities to learn conditional knowledge as well as declarative and procedural knowledge. Another implication is that it is necessary to induce problem-solvers to reflexively monitor their performance to lesson fallacy in the course of problem-solving.

바둑의 이해와 대학 바둑판과 학생들의 의식 실태에 관한 연구

정수현,박장근 명지대학교 예체능연구소 1998 藝體能論集 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study is to make a general survey of Baduk, which is believed to have been invented in ancient China about 2,000 B.C. and has long been one of the main hobbies for Koreans, arid to examine what the students of the Dep. of Baduk think about various problems related to their major. Since Baduk has been regarded as an amusement and studied mainly from the technical point of view, the Department, established for the first time in history at the end of 1996, has very little material for schooling. The result from the study is, accordingly, considered helpful to making people understand the wider aspects of Baduk and to deciding on a direction of the Department. A questionnaire is given to each of 33 students(freshmen and sophomores), which contains 29 questions about one's viewpoint of his major, the reason for choosing the Baduk Department, the degree of understanding Baduk, etc. The summary of the examination is as follows: 1. In spite of uncertainty to their future, almost all students take pride in majoring; in Baduk for they study a very specific and unique subject. 2. There is outstanding distinction between freshmen and sophomores in the respect of satisfaction for their major; freshmen have a consierably clear object in their major, while sophomores tend to have a vague idea what to do after finishing the whole course. This reveals that freshmen had more opportunities to contact information about the Dep. of Baduk than sophomeres. 3. Most students take interest in learning Baduk except some sophomores who are in the lower level in the skill of Baduk. It suggests that a new student should have a high-level strength in the art of Baduk for interesting and earnest learning, and that the school authorities should make an effort to inform the existence of the Department for the purpose of inducing excellent students to enter it.

한국류 정석의 특성에 관한 연구

정수현 명지대학교 예체능연구소 2000 藝體能論集 Vol.11 No.-

"Korean-style Jeongsuk"ndicates the corner-fight patterns which appeared around the end of the twentieth century along with the Korean professional Baduk players’ outstanding achievements in the international Baduk contests. It is thought to be different from exisisting josekis(Japanese jeongsuks) In its feature as follows: 1) It is based on the real game paradigm, not theoretical paradigm. 2) It tends to transcend the idea of ‘form’ of stones, which has long been related to the thoughts that a nice shape can lead to a favorable result. 3) It sometimes avoids formality as a fighting pattern because of the flexible viewpoint of a jeongsuk. 4) Unlike the concept of a jeongsuk that means an equal division in part, it often has a relatinship with the opening as a whole. 5) It was made by re-examining the exisisting jeongsuks with a critical viewpoint, while the ordinary new patterns are derived from creative moves. 6) It pursues the most effective result in every move consisting of a jeongsuk. These characteristics reveal the strong point of Korean-style baduk, which seek for a new recognition from the practical point of view on the basis of a real game, and thus finds a new value of moves ignored in the past time due to theoretical prejudice.

바둑기술의 문제해결적 접근

정수현 명지대학교 예체능연구소 2002 藝體能論集 Vol.13 No.-

Traditionally, the learning of baduk skills has been greatly depended upon the acquisition of the knowledge on fight patterns, problems of life and death, theoretical principles, and real game techniques. Baduk learners memorize these technical knowledge and accumulate them on their memory. In this case, however, baduk learners have great difficulty having access to baduk techniques because there are daunting amount of baduk knowledge to learn. In an attempt to avoid such difficulty, this study suggests that the problem-solving approach be needed for learning baduk, which is characterized by experiencing baduk skills on the basis of the principles required in each step of bad problem-solving. In this approach, one must start with the question of "at does the given situation require me to do?"and then decide his goal to carry out. The next step is the most important, for among many empty points, one should look for some possible means to accomplish his goal, which is followed by the stage of reasoning what is going on from them. Finally, one evaluates the good or bad of the results by comparing them with each other. Considering baduk moves from this viewpoint and teaching this method to learners are thought to lead them to a better understanding of baduk techniques and even the knowledge from the traditional teaming. For this reason, this approach needs to be studied actively and systematically in the future.

니페디핀이 암피실린의 흡수에 미치는 영향

정현정,용철순,최윤수,오두만 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1997 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.7 No.-

Amino-β-lactam antibiotics are absorbed by the dipeptide transporter in the small intestine. These uptakes are coupled to a proton influx. The inward proton gradient is partly induced by the Na^(+)/H^(+) exchanger and cakium ion is involved in control of this antiport. Interaction between ampicillin which is one of the amino-β-lactam antibiotics and nifedipine which is one of calcium channel blocking agents was studied in rats in vivo and with rabbit jejunum mounted on the Sweetana/Grass diffusion cells in vitro. Bioavailability of ampicillin was increased significantly when nifedipine was co-administered orally in rats. There were no differences in the distribution phase and the elimination phase when ampicillin was given either alone or with nifedipine intravenously. Conditions for in vitro experiments were determined. The lift rate of O₂/CO₂ gas was controlled to 3 bubbles/sec and ampicillin was stable in the Kreb's buffer at pH6.0 Absorption of ampicillin was the greatest when the completely-stripped serosal membrane was used. Transport of ampicillin from mucosal to serosal side in the rabbit jejunum was enhanced by 32% in the presence of nifedipine (p=0.059). Above results suggest that nifedipine might increase the plasma level of ampicillin via the improved absorption in the intestine rather than the reduction in the elimination or/and alteration in the distribution.

아마추어 기사의 직업관에 관한 문화기술적 연구

정수현,김달수 명지대학교 예체능연구소 2003 藝體能論集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze amateur baduk players' viewpoint on their lives, especially in relation to their job, by means of participant-observation and in-depth interview. Amateur baduk players are engaged in a variety of baduk activities and have been causing some conflict with the group of professional players because of their ambiguous status. Understanding their way of living and thinking, therefore, will be able to help resolve some troubles aroused by the subtle relationship with an institutional baduk organization The result indicates that. 1) They devote themselves to the baduk-related jobs with a firm consciousness that baduk is of their calling, although they have no license as a professional expert on baduk. 2) They would not have a will to proceed to other realms because they recognize the lack of knowledge and experience about them, which was caused by their long-time absorbtion to baduk. 3) Their everyday life is characterized by low income, unrestricted freedom, and indulgence to drinking. Most of them tend to enjoy getting together for drinking after work and communicating with their colleagues. 4) They have an Utopian concept of baduk, being enthralled by the strong attraction of the game and making an extraordinary effort in the study of it. 5) They seem to keep a deep regret in their mind against their long-cherished dream of being a professional was frustrated. This is sometimes manifested in the movement of organizing an institution hostile to Hankook-Kiwon(Korean Baduk Association). Since this study relies mainly on the researchers' personal interpretations on several amateur players' discourse, it should be investigated in various ways, qualitative or quantitative.

미생물 포괄 고정화방식을 이용한 수산물 가공공장 폐수처리

정병철,장수현,김종배,김건배,최선남,이근우,정병곤 7개 국립대학교 환경연구논문집 공동발행 위원회 2005 공업기술연구 Vol.5 No.-

Feasibility of simultaneous removal of organic and nitrogen is evaluated as applying microbial entrapping method to treat fish processing wastewater. Treatability test is conducted immobilizing activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant to gel matrix made of cellulose triacetate. Stable operation can be possible when applying organic and nitrogen loading rate increasingly to wastewater treatment system composed of anoxic and oxic tank. Organic loading rate and nitrogen loading rate are applied 0.65-1.72kg COD/㎥/d and 0.119-0.317kg T-N/㎥/d, respectively. In case of wastewater from fish processing plant used in this study, it is evaluated that 0.3kg T- N/㎥/d is upper limit of applicable space loading rate because effluent T-N concentration is exceed 60mg/L, legal effluent dishargeable limit of T-N concentration in Korea, when space loading rate is exceed 0.3kg T-N/㎥/d. It is evaluated that nitrification of system is performed efficiently regardless fo variation of applied loading rate because removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)-N is relatively constant when the applied NH_(4)^(+)-N loading rate is increased gradually, while decrease of T-N removal efficiency is apparent when the applied loading rate is increased gradually. Nitrate removal efficiency in this study is varied from 98.62% to 99.51% depending on applied loading rate, while nitrification efficiency of oxic reactor is varied from 94.0% to 96.9%. It is showed that COD removal efficiency is varied from 94.2% to 96.6% and T-N removal efficiency is varied from 73.4% to 83.4% depending on loading rate applied in this study.

후복막섬유증 5례의 임상적 고찰

정충식,김수현,안병수,심대성,박도영,김철성,장대수 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.1

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a fibrotic process of the retroperitoneum that frequently produces ureteral obstruction. It can occur as an idiopathic disease or in association with various non-malignant and malignant condition. In the early phase of the retroperitoneal fibrosis ; symptoms originate from the disease process itself, while in the late state the clinical features represent the effect of obstructive uropathy and renal failure. Treatment consist of steroid therapy, urinary diversion and ureterolysis with jntraperitonealization or lateralization or wrapping with omentum. Herein we present 5 cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

진행성 비소세포폐암의 이차항암화학요법으로서 Docetaxel 단독요법의 성적

강현모,이정은,장필순,이연선,권선중,안진영,정성수,김주옥,김선영 충남대학교 암공동연구소 2006 암공동연구소 업적집 Vol.5 No.

Background : The survival benefit associated with first-line chemotherapy in lung cancer has led to the need for second -line chemotherapy, for which Docetaxel (Taxotere^(?)) has proven efficacy in both settings. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of docetaxel in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who had failed first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods : Thirty one patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, who had failed first line platinum-based chemotherapy, between March 1999 and August 2003, were enrolled in this study. Patients received intravenous docetaxel, either 75 mg/㎡ or 100 mg/㎡, with routine premedication every three weeks. Results : Fourteen patients (45.2%) had a partial response. The median survival and progression- free survival times were 12.5 months (95% CI 7.3-17.6) and 3.0 months (95% CI 1.6-4.5), respectively. This study showed 2 factors gave different survival benefits; the age (< 60 years: 20.1 months vs. > 60 years: 6.6 months, p=0.0105) and the histological type (adenocarcinoma: 25.6 months vs. others: 7.9 months, p=0.0055). The predominant toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred as WHO grade 3 or 4 in 38.7 % of patients. One treatment related death was also reported. Non-hematological toxicity was minor and easily controlled. There were no significant statistical differences in the survival benefit and toxicity between the two doses. Conclusion : Docetaxel, as second-line monotherapy, was well tolerated and effective in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed first line platinum -based chemotherapy. (Tuberc Respir DiS 2005: 58: 465-472) 연구배경 : 일차항암화학요법 후에 생존의 이득을 얻었음에도 불구하고 비소세포폐암 환자들의 대다수가 결국은 재발하거나 진행성 병변을 보인다. 이에 저자들은 기존의 여러 연구에서 보고 된 구제요법으로서 docetaxel의 항암효과와 비교적 적은 독성의 결과를 바탕으로,platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 시행 밖았으나 개발되거나 진행된 비소세포폐암 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 단독요법의 치료효과와 부작용에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 조직학적으로 비소세포폐암으로 진단을 받고 platinum을 근거로 한 항암화학요법을 받았으나 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명의 환자들을 대상으로 docetaxel 75 mg/m² 또는 100 mg/m²을 3주마다 정주하였다. 임상기록을 통한 후향적인 방법으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 1) 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보인 31명중 남녀 비는 24:7이고 중앙연령은 60세였다. 2) 반응평가로 완전 관해는 없었고 부분관해는 14명(45.2%), 불변이 10명(32.3%), 진행이 7명(22.6%)으로 전체적인 반응율은 45.2%이었다. 3)중앙생존기간은 12.5개월(95% 신뢰구간: 7.3개월 17.6개월) 이었고, 1년 생존율은 52%였다. 무진행생존기간의 중앙값은 3.0개월(95%신뢰구간: 1.6개월 -4.5개월)이며, 반응군에서의 중앙반응지속피간은 3.7개월(95% 신뢰구간: 3.0개월 - 4.4개월)이었다. 4) 60세 미만인 경우(20.1 months vs 6.6 months. p=0,0105), 조직학적 아형이 선암일 경우(25.6 months vs 7.9 months, 0=0.0055) 통계적으로 유의한 생존기간의 증가가 있었다. 5) 부작용으로 3도 이상의 백혈구 감소증은 12명(38.7%),호중구 감소증에 동반된 발열은 6명(19.3%),감염이 동반된 호중구 감소증은 4명(12.9%)에서 발생했다. 치료와 관련되어 1명이 사망하였다. 6) Docetaxel 용량에 따른 생존기간의 차이나 독성의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : Platinum을 근거로 하는 항암화학요법으로 치료받은 후 재발 또는 진행성 병변을 보이는 비소세포폐암환자들에게 docetaxel을 투여하는 것은 비교적 안전하고 효과적인 항암치료법으로 사료된다.

저항트레이닝 프로그램에 있어서 운동처방의 개별화에 대한 탐색

김수근,양미현,정동혁 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

Many factors need to be considered in designing a resistance training program to successfully meet the needs and goals of the trainee, If the trainee is preparing for a sports or particular activity, a general program for that sports is developed, The general program for the sports must then be individualized, however, to address the strengths and weaknesses of each trainee, The prescription of resistance training is both a science and an art, Ultimately, individualized training programs provide for optimal changes in the exercise prescription process and result in the best overall training response for the individual, Although guidelines can be giver, the art of designing effective resistance training programs requires logical exercise prescription followed by evaluation, testing, and interaction with the trainee, Resistance training prescription is a dynamic process that requires the strength and conditioning professional to respond to the trainee's changing adaptation levels and functional capacities with altered program designs to meet the changing training goals, Using a needs analysis, acute program design, chronic program design, and consideration of administrative factors results in the optimal program for any situation, It is then necessary to be creative and search out ways to improve the design of the program and resistance training facility.