서울지역에서 강하분진중 산성강하물의 화학적 성상에 관한 연구

김희강 건국대학교 산업기술연구원 1995 건국기술연구논문지 Vol.20 No.-

To investigate the chemical composition of dustfall in Seoul area, dustfall samples were collected by deposit jar at 5 sites during the period from May, 1994 to Februery, 1995 and analyzed for eight water-soluble components. Average total deposition amount at 5 sites was 4.650t/㎢/month. The deposition amount of water-soluble components was 2.233t/㎢/month and showed the highest amount in November. The distribution of SO in eight water-soluble components was 36.7%, and that of Cl-, Ca²+ and NO₃- was 15.3%, 14.5% and 11.0%, respectively.

우리 나라 배경농도지역의 1996~1997년 미세입자상 탄소성분 측정 결과

김용표,이종훈,문길주,김희강,이종범 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in fine aerosols were determined from the samples collected at the two background sites of Kosan in Cheju Island and Kangwha. Samplings were carried out during the spring and winter of 1996 and the fall and winter of 1997. PM_(2.5) particles were collected on the pre-fired quartz filters for 24 hours and analyzed by the selective thermal oxidation method. The concentrations of OC at the sites were higher than those commonly observed from clean areas around the world, but those of EC at both sites were lower than, or comparable to, other clean areas in the world. Both the OC and EC levels at Kangwha were higher than those at Kosan. According to backward trajectory analysis, most air pollutants collected at thetwo sites were from China. It was found that the OC and EC concentrations in air masses from southern China were higher than those from northern China.

환자 문화에 대한 의료 종사자의 인식과 경험

김은경,강민아,김희정 대한간호행정학회 2007 간호행정학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to understand and compare perception and experience between clinical staffs(nurses and pharmacists) and Quality Improvement managers. Method: A qualitative study was conducted with 14 clinical staffs and QI managers who are working at tertiary hospitals in Korea. Interviews were recorded and transcribed for systematic analyses of qualitative data. Results: Most critically, while QI managers acknowledged that establishment of the patient safety culture and reduction of medical errors are urgent tasks for QI effort, clinical staffs don't seem to share such perceptions. All participants agree that staff shortage and no compliance to safety procedures were major reasons for medical error occurrences. Many suggested that an organizational culture where errors were perceived as a systematic problems rather than individual failures or carelessness should be formed to promote voluntary reporting of medical errors. Conclusion: A more systematic effort and attention at the hospital leadership and public policy level should be promoted to constitute societal consensus on the urgence of promoting patient safety culture and more specific approaches to tackle the patient safety problems.

적응적 방법에 의한 하이퍼큐브 네트워크 결함 진단 알고리즘

최혜연,김선신,강성수,최길호,이충세 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2003 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.11 No.2

시스템 레벨의 대부분의 진단 알고리즘은 PMC 모델을 바탕으로 결함의 개수가 t개를 초과하지 않는다는 t-진단가능 시스템의 특성을 이용하여 결함을 진단한다. 그러나, 다중처리 시스템 상에서 큰 규모의 결함 집합을 고려할 때에 여러 가지 제약이 따른다. 또한 병렬처리 시스템의 규모가 커짐에 따라 시스템 내에서 발생되는 결함의 빈도가 높아지게 된다. 진단 알고리즘에서 가정하는 결함의 개수 t는 병렬처리 시스템 안에 있는 노드의 수에 비해 상당히 작은 개수이며, 결함의 개수가 t개를 초과할 경우의 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. Somani와 Peleg은 k개의 부정확한 진단을 용인함으로써 결함의 개수가 t개를 초과할 경우에도 시스템을 진단하는 t/k-dignosable 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 논문에서는 Somani 등이 제안한 것처럼 k=1개의 부정확한 진단을 용인하는 경우에 하이퍼큐브를 진단하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 더 많은 결함을 진단하면서도 기존의 알고리즘보다 효율이 거의 떨어지지 않는다는 사실을 분석을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. System level diagnosis algorithms are based on the PMC model and use the properties of t-diagnosable system where the maximum number of the faults does not exceed t. Diagnostic algorithms have limit when dealing with large fault sets in multiprocessor systems. Somani and Peleg proposed t/k-diagnosable system to system diagnose by allowing upper bounded few number of units to be diagnosed incorrectly, which can diagnosis more faults than t-diagnosable system. In this paper, we propose hypercube diagnosis algorithm using t/k-diagnosable system. When the number of faults exceeds t, we allow a fault(k=1) to be diagnosed incorrectly, Based on this idea, we find that the performance of the proposed algorithm is nearly as efficient as any previously known strategies and detect more faults.

우리나라 청정지역에서 측정한 PM_(2.5) 입자의 특성

이종훈,김용표,문길주,김희강,정용승,이종범 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Atmospheric fine particles (PM_(2.5)) were collected at the background sites, Kangwha, Taean, and Kosan and characterized to understand their behaviors at the sites. Daily samples of PM_(2.5) mass were measured and ionic species, carbonaceous species, and gaseous species were analyzed. Four-daγ backward trajectory analysis was also carried out. The mean concentrations of anthropogenic species were highest at Kangwha among three sites, while contributions from sea salts were highest at Taean during the measurement period due to higher wind speed at Taean. Major chemical components in fine particles were sulfates organic carbon, nitrate, and ammonium. Most of the non-sea-salt (nss) sulfates in PM_(2.5) might be present as ammonium sulfates at these sites. Most air parcels arriving at Kangwha and Taean were from northern China. Therefore, both sites were thought to be affected by the same air parcel. At Kosan, during the measurement period, air parcels were from either northern China or southern China. The nss sulfate concentration in the air parcels from southern China was higher, while the nss calcium nitrate, and ammonium concentrations were higher when the air parcels were from northern China.

雨水中의 酸性度 要因分析에 關한 硏究

이정우,강공언,김희강,김정규 조선대학교 환경연구소 1993 環境公害硏究 Vol.10 No.-

To analyze the factor which affects acidity of rainwater in Seoul metropolitan areas, the precipitation data was collected for twelve months, from January 1991 to December 1991. The annual average of pH in Seoul is 5.4, while the levels in the vicinity of Seoul range from pH 5.7 to 6.3. The frequency of samples of which pH exceed 5.6 represents 74% in Seoul, and in surrounding cities are in the range of 10% to 40%. The total soluble ionic contents of rainwater are shown in the following order. SO_(4)^(2-) > Ca^(2+)> NH_(4)^(+) > C1^(-) > Na^(+) > NO_(3)^(-) > Mg^(2+) > K^(+) > H^(+). The portion of SO_(4)^(2-), NO_(3)^(-), and C1^(-) among total anions represents 65%. 14%, and 21%, respectively. From this result, it is shown that SO_(4)^(2-) has the highest contribution to the total acidity. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and pH of rainwater shows -0.66, while the coefficient between ambient concentration of nitrogen dioxide and pH is 0.35. It is indicated that pH of rainwater primarily depends on ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide. The correlation coefficient between ambient concentration of sulfur dioxide and the used amount of coal briquet is 0.85, and it is concluded that rain acidity is very affected by the use amount of briquet.

Anti-osteoporotic Effects of Sericin-Calcium Conjugate in Ovariectomized Rats

Ehn-Kyoung Choi, Dongsun Park, So-Young Choi , Yun-Hui Yang, Seock-Yeon Hwang, Seongho Yeon, Jeong-Yong Lee, Ill-Hwa Kim, Yun-Bae Kim, Hyun-Gu Kang1 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.2

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of sericin-calcium (SC) as therapy for ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. Three weeks after ovariectomy (OVX), Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: sham-operated group (Sham), ovariectomized group, and SC-treatment group (OVX+SC). Rats in the OVX+SC group were given drinking water containing 0.07% SC for eight weeks. Bone breaking force, mineralization, and blood parameters related to bone metabolism were analyzed. In OVX animals, blood concentration of 17β-estradiol showed a significant decrease, while osteocalcin and type I collagen C-terminal telopeptides (CTx) showed an increase. Breaking force of femurs as well as bone mineral density (BMD), ash, calcium, and phosphorus in femurs showed a significant decrease following OVX. Treatment with SC (0.07% in drinking water) resulted not only in remarkable restoration of the decreased 17β-estradiol and increased osteocalcin and CTx concentrations, but also led to recovery of decreased femoral breaking force, BMD, ash, calcium, and phosphorus. It is suggested that SC effectively improves bone density by preventing bone turnover-mediated osteocalcin, CTx, and minerals, and that it could be a potential candidate for use in therapy or prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

Clinical Experience of Rigid Bronchoscopy in Single Center

Kim, Hyun-Jin,Kim, Sei-Won,Lee, Hye-Yeon,Kang, Hyeon-Hui,Kang, Ji-Young,Kim, Ju-Sang,Kim, Myung-Sook,Kim, Seung-Soo,Kim, Jin-Woo,Yun, Hyeong-Gyu,Kim, Chi-Hong,Kim, Kwan-Hyoung,Moon, Hwa-Sik,Cho, Kwang The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.6

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical situations requiring rigid bronchoscopy and evaluate usefulness of rigid bronchoscopic intervention in benign or malignant airway disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from November 2007 to February 2011 at St. Paul's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine. Results: Of the 29 patients, the most frequent underlying etiology was benign stenosis of trachea (n=20). Of those 20 patients, 16 had post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), 2 had tracheal stenosis due to inhalation burn (IBTS) and other 2 had obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP). Other etiologies were airway malignancy (n=6), endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (n=2), and foreign body (n=1). For treatment, silicone stent insertion was done in 16 cases of PITS and IBTS and mechanical removal was performed in 2 cases of OFTP. In 6 cases of malignant airway obstruction mechanical debulking was performed and silicone stents were inserted additionally in 2 cases. Balloon dilatation and electrocautery were used in 2 cases of endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis. In all cases of stent, airway obstructive symptom improved immediately. Granulation tissue formation was the most common complication. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis was most common indication and silicone stenting was most common procedure of rigid bronchoscopy in our center. Rigid bronchoscopic procedures, at least tracheal silicone stenting, should be included in pulmonary medicine fellowship programs because it is a very effective and indispensable method to relieve critical airway obstruction which needs training to learn.

Clinical Experience of Rigid Bronchoscopy in Single Center

( Hyun Jin Kim ),( Sei Won Kim ),( Hye Yeon Lee ),( Hyeon Hui Kang ),( Ji Young Kang ),( Ju Sang Kim ),( Myung Sook Kim ),( Seung Soo Kim ),( Jin Woo Kim ),( Hyeong Gyu Yun ),( Chi Hong Kim ),( Kwan H 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2012 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.72 No.6

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze clinical situations requiring rigid bronchoscopy and evaluate usefulness of rigid bronchoscopic intervention in benign or malignant airway disorders. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 29 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy from November 2007 to February 2011 at St. Paul``s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine. Results: Of the 29 patients, the most frequent underlying etiology was benign stenosis of trachea (n=20). Of those 20 patients, 16 had post-intubation tracheal stenosis (PITS), 2 had tracheal stenosis due to inhalation burn (IBTS) and other 2 had obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP). Other etiologies were airway malignancy (n=6), endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (n=2), and foreign body (n=1). For treatment, silicone stent insertion was done in 16 cases of PITS and IBTS and mechanical removal was performed in 2 cases of OFTP. In 6 cases of malignant airway obstruction mechanical debulking was performed and silicone stents were inserted additionally in 2 cases. Balloon dilatation and electrocautery were used in 2 cases of endobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis. In all cases of stent, airway obstructive symptom improved immediately. Granulation tissue formation was the most common complication. Conclusion: Tracheal stenosis was most common indication and silicone stenting was most common procedure of rigid bronchoscopy in our center. Rigid bronchoscopic procedures, at least tracheal silicone stenting, should be included in pulmonary medicine fellowship programs because it is a very effective and indispensable method to relieve critical airway obstruction which needs training to learn.

중환자실로 입원한 폐결핵 환자의 임상 양상과 예후 인자

강지영 ( Ji Young Kang ),김명숙 ( Myung Sook Kim ),김주상 ( Ju Sang Kim ),강현희 ( Hyeon Hui Kang ),김승수 ( Seung Soo Kim ),김용현 ( Yong Hyun Kim ),김진우 ( Jin Woo Kim ),이상학 ( Sang Haak Lee ),김석찬 ( Seok Chan Kim ),문화식 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2010 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.68 No.5

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) care, has been a high-mortality condition until now. In the present study, we aimed to investigate clinical features and parameters associated with TB mortality. Methods: From August 2003 to December 2008, patients with microbiologically or histologically confirmed pulmonary TB then admitted to the ICU, were retrospectively enrolled into the study. Upon enrollment, their medical records were reviewed. Results: Forty three patients (30 males, 13 females) were included and their mean age was 63.8 years (range:17~87 years). Twelve patients died, an overall in-hospital mortality of 27.8%. The main reason for the ICU care was dyspnea or hypoxemia requiring mechanical ventilation (n=17). Other diagnoses for ICU care were hemoptysis, monitoring after procedures, neurologic dysfunction, shock, and gastrointestinal bleeding. On univariate analysis, the factors affecting the mortality were malnutrition-related parameters including Low body mass index, hypoalbuminemia, Lymphocytopenia, and hypocholersterolemia, as well as severity-related variables such as high acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) score, number of involved Lobes, and high C-reactive protein. In addition, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation and acute respiratory distress syndrome contributed to patient fatality. It was shown on multivariate analysis that respiratory failure and hypoalbuminemia were significantly independent variables associated with the mortality. Conclusion: Acute respiratory failure is the most common reason for the ICU care and also the most important factor in predicting poor outcome. In addition, our data suggest that the parameters associated with malnutrition could be possible factors contributing to mortality.