정신 장애 아동들의 어머니의 MMPI 유형 분석

홍강의,신민섭,오경자 대한소아ㆍ청소년정신의학회 1992 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

RET에서의 초기단계

홍경자 漢陽大學校 學生生活硏究所 1990 大學生活硏究 Vol.8 No.-

부모설문에 의한 아동의 행동문제분석 : 예비적 연구 A Prelimary Study

홍강의,홍경자 大韓神經精神醫學會 1983 신경정신의학 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 일반한국 아동의 행동, 정서 문제에 관한 광범위한 역학조사의 예비연구로서 아동의 정서, 행동 문제에 관한 부모설문이 소아정신과 분야에서 진단적인 이용가치가 있고 타당한 것인가를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 대상은 소아정신과 외래환자 연 105명과 소아과 외래환자 연 95명이었고 이들 부모에게 60문항으로 된 증상항목 각각에 "문제가 안된다, 조금 문제다, 상당히 문제다, 매우 문제다"의 네 정도 중 하나를 표시하게 하였고 이를 0, 1, 2, 3로 점수화 하였다. 결과를 요약하면, 1. 60항목중 47항목에서 소아정신과 군이, 13항목에서는 소아과군이 높은 점수를 보였는데 그 차이점은 통계적으로 모두 유의하였다. 각 항목 평균 점수의 총점은 소아정신과군이 47.53으로 소아과군의 33.18보다 월등히 높았다(p<0.001). 2. 60항목을 8가지 증상종류로 나누어 비교하였는데 신체증상군을 제외한 나머지 7가지 증상종류(불안·강박·정신분열증상, 우울 ·철퇴, 미숙 ·과잉운동, 비행공격성, 잔인성)에서 모두 소아정신과군이 높았다(p<0.05∼0.001). 3. 증상을 내향성증상군과 외향성증상군으로 나누어 비교한 결과 역시 소아정신과군이 높은 점수를 보였다(p<0.001). 4. 소아정신과군내의 진단에 따른 외향성 및 내향성 증상 점수를 살펴본 결과 내향성증상점수는 유의한 차이가 없는 반면 외향성 증상군의 점수는 진단간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 5. 진단의 종류에 따라 문제행동 양상이 달랐다. 이상의 결과로 부모설문이 소아정신과군과 기타 대조군은 구별할 수 있고 소아정신과적 진단에도 도움이 된다는 결론을 얻었다. This is a preliminary work for the extensive epidemiologic survey of behavior problems in Korean children. A questionaire of 60 behavior items was constructed from several questionarires reported in the literature and author's clinical experiences. Parents of 105 child psychiatric outpatient and 95 pediatric outpatients at the Seoul National University Hospital were asked to check one of the 4 boxes("Never", "Sometimes", "Often", "Very often") for each behavior item, and the parental ratings were scored as 0, 1, 2, 3 accordingly. The two groups were compared in terms of mean score for each item and total mean score of 8 symptom categories (1) Anxious-obssessive (2) Somatic complaints (3) Schizoid (4) Depressed, withdrawal (5) Immature, hyperactive (6) Delinquent (7) Aggressive (8) Cruel. The former 4 categories were grouped as Internalizing categories and the latter 4 as Externalizing categories. Internalizing/externalizing scores of psychiatric subject with different diagnoses and behavior symptom profiles of 5 different diagnoses were looked at. The results were as follows: 1. Child psychiatric group showed higher mean score in 47 items than pediatric group. Meanwhile, pediatric group rated higher in 13 items which tended to be less serious behavior symptoms. The differences in all items were statistically significant. The sum of mean scores of 60 items were 47.53 in child psychiatriatric group and 33.18 in pediatric group. (p<0.001). 2. Psychiatric group was also higher in the total scores in 7 of 8 symptom categories except "Somatic complaints" which were not different between two groups. 3. Psychiatric group was higher in the sum of mean scores of Internalizing categories and Externalizing categories (p<0.001). 4. In comparing different child psychiatric diagnoses, it was noted that externalizing categories were more discriminant than internalizing categories. 5. Behavior profiles in 5 diagnoses (Emotional-neurotic disorder, Autism, Attention deficit disorder, Brain damage and Mental retardation) were derived by plotting mean percentage scores of 8 symptom categories. Emotional-neurotic disorder showed higher scores in internalizing categories, and lower scores in externalizing categories while the rest 4 diagnoses showed low internalizing scores and high externalizing scores. Therefore it appears that behavior profile can be utilized as a diagnostic tool. In conculsion, parental behavior symptom questionaire can be used not only as a simple tool for epidemiologic survey but also as an aid in child psychiatric diagnoses.

상치와 부추의 구조탄수화물의 정량분석 방법간의 비교연구

홍상식,윤수현,김경자,김대진 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 1998 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

This study was conducted to determine several analytical methods to quantitative structural carbohydrate(dietary fiber). Two kinds of vegetables(lettuce and leek) with each, having several components-dietary fiber(DF, includ nondigestible component), total dietary fiber(TDF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), protein corrected NDF(c-NDF), indigestible dietary fiber(IDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) were compared in this study. Two kinds of vegetable components were calculated to the regression equation and correlation coefficients between them-Y=39.955+0.37X(r=0.27) between DF(Y) and NDF(X), Y=53.346+0.12(r=0.08) between DF(Y) and c-NDF(X), Y=30.519+0.80X((r=0.81, p<0.05) between DF(Y) and ADF(X), Y=65.097-0.128X(r=0.26, p<0.01) between TDF(Y) and IDF(X), and Y=47.89+0.2X(r=0.49, p<0.05), between DF(Y) and TDF(X), respectively.

주의력결핍 과잉활동 장애 아동에서 약물 단독 치료와 부모 훈련 병합 치료의 효과 비교

홍강의,오경자,신민섭 대한소아·청소년정신의학회 1995 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

兒童行動目錄(CBCL)에 의한 國民學生의 行動問題 調査

홍강의,송혜양,김중술,홍경자,박성수 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

This is an epidemiological study of emotional/behavior problems in Korean elementary school children(total 2,399 : 1.236 boys, 1,163 girls) by empolying Children's Behavior Check List(CBCL) developed by Achenbach and Edelbrock(1983), to which 3 problem items were added for this study. A test-retest reliability of CBCL was was assessed by computing the Spearman-Browm correlation and the average correlation among items was. 72. The interparent agreeement was also assessed and the average correaltion between mother and father was. 62. The study subjects were drawm by stratified sampling from 5 schools in Korea ; 3 schools (A, B, C) from Seoul, one school(D) from a medium size city one school (E) from a rural town. School C is located in upper/middle-upper class residential area, School A and D in middle class, and School B and E in lower-middle/lower class. The present paper reports the prevalence of behavioral/emotional problems in relation to sex, grade, locality and socioeconomic variables. Some of the major findings were as follows ; 1) The mean total problem score excluding 3 additional items was 27.28 and did not differ significanthy according to sex and locality(Seoul vs non-Seoul), However, the mean total problem scores were significanthy different from school to school. The lowest score was observed in children of School C(22.15), higher scores for School B(30.89) and E(30.64) and in-between scores for the School A(27.58) and D(25.47). Father's education also had significant effect on the total problem scores : 31.46 for elementary of less 27.79 for middle and high school and 23.05 for college or more. As for to the grade, mean total score was lowest for the first graders(22.12), increasing up until 4th grade(29.83), then decreasing for 5th graders(26.81) and then relatively high score for the 6th graders(29.81). 2) Examination of each 122 problem items revealed that prevalence rate ranged from 2.1% to 61.7% : less than 5% for 13% items, 5-10% for 18 items, 10-20% for 31 items, 20-30% for 25 items, 30-40% for 15 items, 40-50% for 13 items, more than 50% for 7 items. Although sex did not make any difference in total problem scores, examination of the prevalence of each item revealed that 47 problem items were significanthy different between sexes : 26 items were more prevalent in boys and 21 items in girls. The items more prevalent for boys were externalizing problems such as hyperkinetic, aggressive and other behaviors and 21 items, more prevalent for girls were internalizing problems such as emotional and psychosomatic problems. School grade had significant effect in 47 items, only 3 of which showed lower prevalence in the younger children and the prevalence of 39 items were higher in older children. Significant differences were observed in 83 items, and 94 items, respectively according to school and father's education that could be considered to reflect socioeconomic status and it was reavealed that the lower the status, the higher the prevalence in most items. Items more common in upper class tend to be more anxiety-tension related(internalizing) and items more common in lower class tend to be more aggressive, hyperactive and other behavioval problems(externalizing). 3) Brief cross-cultural comparisons between the current study and other studies reported in the literature revealed major differences in several areas. The total problem score for Korean children was much higher than those of American and Dutch children, but lower than those of Canada and Chile. Although most of other studies reported higher total problem scores for boys, than for girls there was no sex difference in total problem score for Korean children. This was reflected in the finding of an almost equal numbers of items(26 for boys, 21 for girls) being more common than the other sex. Analyses by grade(age) also indicate major differences between Korean and American-Dutch children ; In contrast to the finding that total problem score was higher and larger number of items were more common for younger children in American and Dutch studies, they were higher for older children in Korean study. Socioeconomic variables seems to exert far more significant effect on the total score and the prevalence of each items in Korean study, when compared with American and Dutch studies. Further analyses of the data including a comparison with a clinic sample are deferred to another paper and so are the factor analysis results of 122 items into emotional/behavioral syndromes.

유방암종에서 p53, cyclin D1 및 cathersin D 단백발현의 의의

문경래,김환정,이미자,기근홍,서재홍,양정원,조현진 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives: Breast carcinoma is a heterogenous disease. The prognosis of this carcinoma correlates with various prognostic factors. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of expression of p53, cyclin Dl and cathepsin D protiens in association with various prognostic factors in invasive breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The relationship is presented between expression of p53, cyclin D1 and cathepsin D by immunohistochemistry and various established prognostic factors such as tumor size, histologic grade, lymph node status and extensive intraductal component in 55 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. Results: No significant correlations were observed between expression of p53, cyclin Dl and cathepsin D and tumor size. The expression of p53 correlated with high histologic grade. The expression of p53 and cyclin Dl correlated with lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: These results indicate that expression of p53 and cyclin Dl in invasive ductal carcinoma may be an important prognostic factor, closely related to the high histologic grade and lymph node metastasis.

유아의 기질과 어머니의 양육행동과의 관계

두경자,홍계옥 상명대학교 가정문화연구소 1997 가정문화연구 Vol.11 No.-

This study aimed to investigate the relationship of kindergarten children's temperament and their mothers' child rearing behavior. The subjects of the study were 214 kindergarteners and their mothers in Seoul. The modified PTQ (Parent and Teacher Temperament Questionaire) for children 3-7 years of age and the IPBI(Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory: Mother Form) were administered to measure children's temperament and parenting behaviors. The statistical procedures used for data analyses were correlations, and canonical correlation analysis. Results indicated that there were significant correlations between children's temperament and their mothers' parenting behaviors. The canonical correlation analysis indicated that independent varables-children's temperament accounted for about 9.8% of the variation in the parenting behavior-variables.

인천지역 초등학교 학생의 급식 만족도에 관한 조사

우경자,김영아,천종희,최은옥,홍성야 동아시아식생활학회 1999 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Present status of school lunch service and satisfaction on it were surveyed by questionnaires with 636 elementary school students in Inchon city. School lunch service was considered positive in 68.3% of the objectives. Most of the students thought the amount of rice and side dishes appropriate. And the ratios of students feeling the food taste fair and good were 36.6% and 56%, respectively. When dislike-foods were served. 58.3% still ate forcedly and 30.4% ate partly. Reasons for not eating up foods were dislike foods(46.7%), too much amount (20.3%), and bad taste(17.5%). Colors and appearance of foods were thought to be fair and good(93.8%). Warm foods were thought to be served warm as they should be(51.5%) and a little colder than they should be(43.5%). 65.4 percent of the students responded to be served cold foods cold enough as they should be. Dining hall was preferred as an eating place(61.4%). Half of the students occasionally washed their hands and 35.0% always did. Those in charge of teaching the table manners were teachers(59.8%), dieticians(16.9%) and principals(4.5%). Sixty-three % of the students felt the dieticians kind. Good changes resulting from the school food service were student could have balanced diet(24.4%) and enjoy eating(18.1%). For better school lunch service it is necessary to provide menu for student's preferences, facilities for maintaining food temperatures, dining halls and opportunities to wash hands prior to eating.

아동소비자의 소비자지식 수준과 소비자문제

김경자,홍연금 가톨릭대학교 생활과학연구소 1997 생활과학연구논집 Vol.17 No.1

The objective of this study was to examine the consumer knowledge level and consumer problems of children. The data were taken from 200 12-year-old children of two elementary schools which are in Seoul. Results showed that the consumer knowledge level of children was somewhat low and children consumers have experienced various types of consumer problems. Suggestions were made to increase the knowledge level and to decrease the consumer problem.