Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

순환주제에 의한 작곡전공 교수활동 수업사례물 분석: 김용환의 “Moving Figures”를 중심으로

김영국 ( Young Guk Kim ) 한국예술교육학회 2015 예술교육연구 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문의 목적은 대학교에서 작곡전공으로 교수활동을 하고 있는 본 연구자의 수업사례물이며, 본 연구자의 학생 김용환의 학습결과물인 ‘Moving Figures’를 순환주제(cyclic theme) 중심으로 분석하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구자는 이 작품의 각 부분에서 나타나는 독립적이며 개별적인 특징을 분석하였고, 전체의 곡을 하나로 묶어주는 수단으로써 작용한 순환주제에 관해 중점적으로 분석하였다. 이로써 대학 작곡전공학생의 수업, 특히 교수과정의 내용학 측면에서 도움을 주고자 한다. 본 논문의 주제어인 ‘순환주제’는 15세기의 정선율 미사, 16세기의 패러디 미사와 같은 작품에서 출발한 음악적 아이디어인데, 고전·낭만시대의 작곡가들이 소나타 형식과 같은 다악장의 악곡에서 하나 이상의 주제가 제 1악장뿐만 아니라 다른 악장에도 나타나게 하여 음악적 아이디어를 형식적인 틀 안에 가두기 위한 방법으로서도 이용되었다. 김용환의 ‘Moving Figures’는 이러한 고전적인 형식에서 아이디어를 빌려와 현대적으로 변용시켰다. 즉 고전적인 의미의 순환주제와는 다르게 <도입부-A-B-C-A``-coda>의 총 6개 부분으로 구성된 단악장 형식 내에서 순환주제의 변용, 발전을 모색했기에 고전적 의미로써의 순환주제 개념과는 상이하며 조금 더 진보된 양상을 띤다. The subject of this thesis is a case of the present class researchers and teaching activities studied composition at the university, and analyze the historical background and cyclic form in ``Moving Figures`` of Yong-hwan Kim, (1988~ ) my student. The purpose of this thesis is to study the structure with cyclic form, harmony and study elements such as timbre on Yong-Hwan Kim‘s ’Moving Figures`` appear in each part of an independent study is to focus on the subject appears as a means of circulation that bind specifically to one picece of the total and individual characteristics. Thus, the university student majoring in composition classes, and helping in the details, particularly on aspects of teaching process. Originally cyclic form is the musical ideas from works such as the cantus firmus mass, in the 16th century parody mass of the 15th century. Composers of the classical era composer and romantic era, were used also as a way of putting a musical ideas first movement to appear in more than one subject, as well as other movements in the same piece of music in the form of a multi-movement sonata form and framework. But ``Moving Figures`` is unlike the original meaning of cyclic form, <introduction-A-B-C-A``-coda> consists of a total of six section of, and since the transformation, the development of the cyclic form is made only in the movement type, and cyclic form as a classical concept with a different sense, may be seen to have a little more advanced aspects. The musical structure used in contemporary music appears dissolved and established patterns, but ``Moving Figures`` is borrowing ideas from the classical form and transformation into comtemporary is thought to be the work that needs to be thoroughly studied. and also can be considered in analysis for contemporary musical composition trends with music educational aspects.

정상인에서 베타3-아드레날린 수용체 유전자의 변이가 복부 비만도 및 지질대사에 미치는 영향

김영선,윤석기,김철희,서교일,김학선,김극배,변동원,유명희 순천향의학연구소 1998 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.4 No.1

The β₃-adrenergic receptor is expressed in visceral adipose tissue in humans and is thought to contribute to the regulation of the resting metabolic rate and lipolysis. We studied the influence of a mutation in the β₃ -adrenergic receptor gene(Trp64Arg) on body fat distribution, central obesity, lipid metabolism in 65 healthy young male adults. One out of 65 subjects were homozygous (Arg/Arg) for the trp64Arg mutation, 17 subjects were heterozygous (Trp/Arg), and 47 lacked the mutation(Trp/Trp). The body weight, height, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio were similar between the subjects with- and without the mutation. Total body fat, abdominal fat amount, body fat distribution, serum total- and HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and insulin concentrations were also not different according to the presence or absence of the mutation. These results suggested that Trp64Arg mutation in β₃-adrenergic receptor gene is not a major contributing factor for central obesity or change in lipid metabolism in Korean young adults.

Seasonal phenology and damage by Singapora shinshana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and other leafhoppers on ornamental trees in Korea

Kim Hyun‐guk,Kabir Md. Faisal,An Hyeon Jeong,Mwamula Abraham Okki,Oh Sumin,Jung Sunghoon,Lee Dong Woon 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.9

Singapora shinshana is a leafhopper native to mid-Asia with a specific host range and is one of the least studied species within the genus. Recently, the species has been found to cause significant damage to host plants including ornamental trees, normally inflicted by its sucking behavior. This study uncovered more details on host and season preference of S. shinshana, damage potential and symptoms caused by its feeding behavior on ornamental trees in Korea, in addition to other records of other leafhoppers of economic importance. During the sticky trap survey period from 2017 to 2019, 12 leafhopper species were recovered from the eight selected ornamental tree species. Singapora shinshana was the most dominant species, constituting 94.8% of the total collected leafhopper population; with its highest incidence observed on Prunus serrulata, followed by Elaeagnus umbellata and Pseudocydonia sinensis. The high abundance on P. serrulata correlated with high damaged leaf percentages of 94.2%, 95.2%, and 98.1% in October 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Interestingly, in terms of damaged leaf percentage, Rosa hybrida and Zelkova serrata were the second and third most damaged hosts despite the significantly lower population of the leafhopper on these trees. Furthermore, S. shinshana counts increased from late-July to late-September, with the peak evident during early August. Prunus serrulata can therefore be taken as one of the main host plants of S. shinshana. However, the potential of the host to suffer damage is not limited to population densities of the pest alone but also susceptibility and tolerance of the host plant.

8비트 마이크로 프로세서의 범용 크로스 어셈블러

김국보 釜山水産大學校 1991 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.31 No.1

In a conventional 8 bit micro processor development, a specially designed microprocessor development system (MDS) or a cross development system in mini or main frame computer were widely used. But these had own environment and architecture. As a result there were a difficult in developing microcomputer system especially 8 bit one. In this paper, Universal Cross Assembler (UCA) of 8 bit microprocessor on IBM PC is proposed. UCA is very versatile to fit almost every current 8 bit microprocessors, and useful to fit in controller development. And this paper designs 8 kinds of cross assembler of 16 widely used 8 bit microprocessors. By the UCA, another microprocessor's cross assembler can be implemented easily.

읽기 전략 수업의 설계 양상

김국태 한국초등국어교육학회 2005 한국초등국어교육 Vol.27 No.-

최근에 읽기교육에서 능숙한 독자의 특징으로 읽기 전략의 유연한 사용을 들고 있다. 그리고 읽기 전략은 주로 사회적 상황속에서 이루어지는 유목적인 수업에 의하여 학습된다. 이처럼 읽기 전략과 수업의 중요성이 강조되면서 가장 효과적이고 효율적인 전략 수업 체제를 모색하는 연구들이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 효과적이고 탄력적인 읽기전략 수업 체제를 모색하기 위하여 현행 7차 교육과정과 교과서에 구현된 읽기전략 수업의 설계 양상을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 읽기수업에 관련된 연구물을 기초로 하여 읽기전략 수업설계의 개념과 특성, 그리고 구체적인 읽기전략 수업설계의 변인들을 인지적 그리고 구성주의적 관점에 의하여 공유된 기본 원리에 중점을 두고 정리하였다. 그리고 7차 교육과정의 읽기 교육내용 중에서 핵심적인 읽기 전략으로 제시된 '대강의 내응을 파악할 수 있다'라는 전략을 가르치기 위한 1~2학년 교과서의 단원들을 선정하여 학습 목표와 활동 내용의 구성을 중심으로 거시적 차원의 수업설계 양상을 분석하였다. 거시적 차원에서 이루어지는 읽기전략 수업 설계의 양상은 대단원 학습목표와 기본 학습활동을 대상으로 분석하였다. 우선, 읽기 교육과정에서 제시하고 있는 읽기 교육 내용을 학습의 목표로 구체화시키는 양상을 규명하였다. 읽기 수업의 학습목표는 읽기의 맥락과 읽기의 양상을 활용하여 정교한 계열을 조직하고 있었다. 정교한 계열의 조직을 통하여 각각의 학습 목표의 의미로운 전체 상황을 제시함으로써 교육 내용의 정수화를 이룰 수 있게 된다. 그런 다음 학습 목표의 위계화 양상을 규명하였다. 이는 학습의 유형에 따라 어떤 지식과 정보를 먼저 배워야 할지를 밝혀주는 선수학습능력의 위계를 조직할 수 있게 된다. 마지막으로 학습 내용의 구조화 양상을 규명하였다. 읽기 수업의 의사소통 구조인 직접적 구조와 지원적 구조에 따라 구체적인 수업 과정의 유형들을 규명하였다. 직접적 구조에서는 개념예시형, 문제해결형, 발견적 문제해결형으로 나누었고, 지원적 구조는 이해 수준형으로 제시하였다. 각각의 구조화 유형들은 효과적인 읽기 수업 과정을 거시적 차원에서 조직할 수 있는 교수전략으로 실제로 교사가 학습내용을 효율적으로 조직하는데 기여할 수 있다. 이와 같은 읽기 수업의 설계 양상과 전략들을 규명한 연구는 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 읽기 수업의 체제를 모색할 수 있다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to analyze a aspects of instructional design for reading strategies. For the purpose, this study describes the concept and features of instructional design from a comtemporary cognitive theories and constructivist paradigm, discusses the variables that influence reading strategy instruction, analyze a aspects of establishing learning targets and organizing learning process from 7th national korean language arts text book. we review the complex nature of reading learning targets and organizational framework that will help you to determine them for your student. first, Instructional design share four features: a collaborative context in which the child's intention is honored, operation within the student's zones of proximal development, the gradual release of support for the student, and the goal of the students internalization of task. second, Variables of reading strategy instruction discussed reading framework and social interaction. Reading framework specifies Context for reading and aspects of reading that characterize the way readers respond to text. And reading instruction can take place in a number of ways and within any social context. In schools, however, two types of instruction are most prominent: directive teaching and supportive teaching. directive teaching is the most prevalent type of teaching in classroom and most often in transmission mode, teachs students specific skill or strategies. On the other hand, supportive teaching are learner-centered events that provide student with situation in which students can meaning co-construction from texts. Finally, this study is to analyze a aspects of establishing learning targets and organizing learning process from 7th national reading text book. Goood instructional design begins with establishing appropriate learning targets. Establishing clearn, specific, and valued learning targets is an essential first step toward improved classroom instruction. Reading learning targets specifies context for reading and aspects of reading that characterize the way readers respond to text. Then, reading learning process can varied in a number of ways. For example, directive teaching identify three structure : conceptual, procedural, metacognitive elaborated sequence. Supportive teaching focused two comprehensive level: factural comprehending, strategic comprehending.

교육용 Z80 시물레이터의 개발

김국보,조경연 釜山水産大學校 1991 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.31 No.1

Z80 is the one of the most widely used 8 bit micro processor. In a conventional Z80 education, an education kit which is the simple system with 20 or more key pad, some 7 segment LEDs, ROM and RAM are used, The conventional education kit has many problems which are hard to use, easy to error etc. In this paper, Z80 simulator on IBM PC is studied. The Z80 simulator is consisted of 3 module which are a Z80 code interpretter, a cross DOS by which the most functions of MS-DOS can be used, and an user interface shell. The A80 simulator can be widely used in a micro processor education.

RDA 표준에서의 다중 매체 정보에 관한 연구

김홍일,김국보,장윤석 대진대학교 1994 大眞論叢 Vol.2 No.-

The RDA(Remote Database Access) standard defines a generalized service interface that can be used in a variety of Database Management System environments. This places considerable importance on the management of diverse data types including text, images, audio, and video; these requirements in turn generate the need for a new generation of distributed heterogeneous multimedia database systems In this paper, a set of functional requirements is identified for the RDA standard, Multimedia information and management. A method of the requirements to a RDA is presented, and some briefing of the RDA SQL specialization and multimedia data types are discussed.

객체지향기법으로 구현한 계수규준형 1회 샘플링검사방식

김국철,서장훈,박명규 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2004 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The design of attribute single sampling plans bas been studied for a long time. It is hard to get the sampling plan (n,c) to satisfy the required producer's risk α and consumer's risk β exactly, because the sample size n and the acceptance number c must be integer. In actual practice of using attribute single sampling plans, the producer's or consumer's risk is often different from its specified value. In order to satisfy both the producer's or consumer's risk, the actual risk should be chosen close enough to the required value. The purpose of this paper is to find the sample size n and acceptance number G to satisfy the required proceduer's or consumer's risk. A computerized approach is presented which provides the design procedure for on line sampling plan.

창의적 언어 사용 능력 탐색

김국태 청람어문교육학회 2004 청람어문교육 Vol.28 No.-

‘창의성 증진을 위한 국어과 교육’이 기본적인 명제가 되어 많은 연구들이 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 실제 교육현장에서 창의성 신장을 위한 교육이 거의 실시하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이는 대부분의 논의가 일반적인 창의성 요인을 다루고 있어서 학교교육을 통해 성취할 수 있는 창의성에 대한 논의가 부족하고, 학교 교육의 핵심인 교과내용과 밀접한 관련을 맺지 못하여 실제 학교 수업과 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않기 때문이다. 이러한 창의성 교육의 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 교과교육의 맥락 속에서 창의성 교육이 이루어 져야 할 것이다. 이러한 관점을 토대로, 국어교육의 맥락 속에서 창의성 연구를 조망하여 국어교육의 궁극적인 목표인 창의적 언어 사용 능력을 언어활동에 작용하는 요인(인지렴灣뵈?맥락)들의 복합적인 상호작용을 통하여 새로운 의미를 구성해가는 사회-인지적 능력”으로 개념화하였다. 그리고 창의적 언어 사용 능력을 이루는 의미 구성 전략을 중심으로 국어과 교육 내용을 체계화하고 구체화하였다. 본 연구는 미래사회가 요구하는 창의적 언어 사용 능력의 특성과 그 하위 요인들을 설명하는 하나의 시론에 불과하다. 앞으로 창의성 신장을 위한 국어교육의 토대를 보다 굳게 만들기 위해서는 보다 체계적으로 국어과의 지식 기반을 보다 분명하게 밝히고, 각각의 지식을 서로 연결짓고 조직하여 포괄적인 지식의 구조체를 만들어 가는 작업이 필요하다. Lately, there are also many researches on creativity in Korean language education. Although the effective theories of model about creativity will be developed, These researches have not apply to classroom activities directly. Under this problem, this study focus were on the meaning of integration between creativity and the subject-matters. Under these perspective, We had explored creative language using competence through integration between creativity and Korean subject-matters. Reading and writing had conceptualized meaning as social-cognitive act. Readers and writers construct meaning within the multiple interaction of cognition, context, text. And We had analysed complex systems of creative meaning construction strategies. We had identified category of meaning construction strategies as sustaining meaning construction and expanding meaning strategies. And creative meaning construction strategies specified for each category. Those are using background knowledge, predicting, organizing, revising meaning, monitoring, adjusting, making connection, inferring, summarizing, synthesizing, evaluating, analying, critiquing.