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Microbial biosynthesis of medicinally important plant secondary metabolites
Song, Myoung Chong,Kim, Eun Ji,Kim, Eunji,Rathwell, Kris,Nam, Sang-Jip,Yoon, Yeo Joon The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Natural product reports Vol.31 No.11
<P>Covering: up to 2014</P><P>Secondary metabolites derived from plants are a valuable source of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. To harness the potential of these natural products, reliable methods must be developed for their rapid and sustainable resupply. Microbial production of plant secondary metabolites through the heterologous expression of plant biosynthetic genes represents one such solution. This highlight focuses on recent advances in the microbial biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites including terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids as well as providing a brief insight into the current limitations and future prospects.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This review covers recent advances in the microbial production of plant secondary metabolites including terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids through the heterologous expression of plant biosynthetic genes, as well as providing a brief insight into the current limitations and future prospects. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4np00057a'> </P>
Characterization of the Two Methylation Steps Involved in the Biosynthesis of Mycinose in Tylosin
Kim, Eunji,Song, Myoung Chong,Kim, Myoun Su,Beom, Ji Yoon,Lee, Eun Yeol,Kim, Dong-Myung,Nam, Sang-Jip,Yoon, Yeo Joon American Chemical Society and American Society of 2016 Journal of natural products Vol.79 No.8
<P>The S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferases TylE and TylF catalyze the last two methylation reactions in the tylosin biosynthetic pathway of Streptomyces fradiae. It has long been known that the TylE-catalyzed C2''-O-methylation of the 6-deoxy-D-allose bound to demethylmacrocin or demethyllactenocin precedes the Ty1F-catalyzed C3''-O-methylation of the D-javose (C2''-O-methylated 6-deoxy-D-allose) attached to macrocin or lactenocin. This study reveals the unexpected substrate promiscuity of TylE and TylF responsible for the biosynthesis of D-mycinose (Cr''-O-methylated D-javose) in tylosin through the identification of a new minor intermediate 2''-O-demethyldesmycosin (2; 3''-methyl-demethyllactenocin), which lacks a 2''-O-methyl group on the mycinose moiety of desmycosin, along with 2''-O-demethyltylosin (1; 3''-methyl-demethylmacrocin) that was previously detected from the S. fradiae mutant containing a mutation in the tylE gene. These results unveil the unique substrate flexibility of TylE and TylF and demonstrate their potential for the engineered biosynthesis of novel glycosylated macrolide derivatives.</P>
( Joon Seok ),( In Kwon Yeo ),( Kui Young Park ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeung Nam Kim ),( Sung Eun Chang ),( Chong Hyun Won ),( Yang Won Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Background: Hyaluronic acid(HA) fillers have become popular soft tissue filler augmentation agents over the past several years. Many new brands of HA fillers are being produced, but comparative research on the characteristics of similar products is limited. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a new HA filler, PP-501-B (Cleviel contour®, Pacific pharm., Korea) which is used for correcting nasolabial folds (NLFs), and compare PP-501-B with Restylane Perlane® (Q-Med, Uppsala, Sweden). Methods: One hundred three subjects with visible NLFs were enrolled in a randomized, multi-center, patient & evaluator-blind, active-controlled, matched-pair clinical study. Each subject was injected with PP-501-B in one NLF and Restylane Perlane® in the other. All participants were then reassessed for cosmetic change at 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Wrinkle severity was rated using the 5-point wrinkle severity rating scale (WSRS) Results: At week 24, the mean improvement in the WSRS from baseline was 1.87 ± 0.73 for the PP-501-B side and 1.92 ± 0.71 for the Restylane Perlane®. Both fillers were well-tolerated and adverse reactions were mild and transient in most cases. Conclusion: The addition of a new HA filler, PP-501-B with suitable characteristics and ample safety profiles to the market will widen the selection for physicians and patients because the purpose, area, and depth of filler injections are variable by treatment.
( Joon Hyuk Suh ),( In Kwon Yeo ),( Sung Eun Chang ),( Chong Hyun Won ),( Beom Joon Kim ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeung Nam Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2
Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers such as Restylane®, and poly-L-lactic acids such as Sculptra®, are frequently used to correct facial soft-tissue defects. Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of AestheFill®, a novel injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLA), and Restylane®, a well-studied biphasic HA filler, in the treatment of moderate to severe nasolabial folds. Methods: In this multi-center, randomized, evaluator-blinded, comparative study, subjects were randomized for injections with AestheFill® or Restylane® on the both nasolabial folds. Efficacy was determined by calculating the change in the Wrinkle Severity Rating Score (WSRS) relative to baseline. Local safety was assessed on the basis of reported adverse events. Results: At week 24, the mean improvement in WSRS from baseline was 2.09 ± 0.68 for the AestheFill® side and 1.54 ± 0.65 for the Restylane® side. Both injections were well tolerated and the adverse reactions were mild and transient in most cases. Conclusion: AestheFill® provides non-inferior efficacy compared to Restylane® 6 months after being used to treat moderate to severe nasolabial folds.
Prediction of Suicidal Ideation among Korean Adults Using Machine Learning: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bumjo Oh,Je-Yeon Yun,Eun Chong Yeo,Dong-Hoi Kim,Jin Kim,Bum-Joo Cho 대한신경정신의학회 2020 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.17 No.4
Objective Suicidal ideation (SI) precedes actual suicidal event. Thus, it is important for the prevention of suicide to screen the individuals with SI. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with SI and to build prediction models in Korean adults using machine learning methods. Methods The 2010–2013 dataset of the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey was used as the training dataset (n=16,437), and the subset collected in 2015 was used as the testing dataset (n=3,788). Various machine learning algorithms were applied and compared to the conventional logistic regression (LR)-based model. Results Common risk factors for SI included stress awareness, experience of continuous depressive mood, EQ-5D score, depressive disorder, household income, educational status, alcohol abuse, and unmet medical service needs. The prediction performances of the machine learning models, as measured by the area under receiver-operating curve, ranged from 0.794 to 0.877, some of which were better than that of the conventional LR model (0.867). The Bayesian network, LogitBoost with LR, and ANN models outperformed the conventional LR model. Conclusion A machine learning-based approach could provide better SI prediction performance compared to a conventional LRbased model. These may help primary care physicians to identify patients at risk of SI and will facilitate the early prevention of suicide.
Unprecedented Noncanonical Features in the WS9326A Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Assembly Line
Jung Min KIM,Myoun-Su KIM,Munhyung BAE,Ye-Eun JUNG,Jeong Sang YI,Sunghoon HWANG,Myoung Chong SONG,Yeon Hee BAN,Eun Seo BAE,Suckchang HONG,Sang Kook LEE,Sun-Shin CHA,Dong-Chan OH,Yeo Joon YOON 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
A growing number of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly lines violating the “co-linearity rule,” where the number and order of NRPS modules indicate to the number and sequence of amino acids in the corresponding product, have been discovered. To understand biosynthetic mechanism of such NRP, NRPS of Streptomyces sp. SNM55 was investigated. Systematic inactivation of NRPS domains and translocation of the thioesterase (TE) domains unveiled several unprecedented nonlinear NRPS assembly processes during the biosynthesis of the cyclodepsipeptide WS9326A in S. sp. SNM55. The WS9326 NRPS assembly line involves two type II TE (TEII)-like enzymes responsible for the transfer of activated amino acids from two stand-alone adenylation (A)-thiolation (T) didomain modules with different specificities to the ‘A-less’ condensation (C)-T module, which operates iteratively, catalyzing two chain elongation steps. This biosynthetic pathway includes the first example of NRPS module skipping, where the interpolated C and T domains are required for chain transfer. Understanding such untapped nonlinear biosynthetic strategies will provide potentially valuable tools for engineered biosynthesis of these complex natural products.
영아 돌연사에 대한 고찰 (13 부검례를 포함한 34례 분석)
문여옥,최희경,허정아,신우종,김명아,이성용,장성희,동은실,김종재,안영민,지제근,Moon, Yeo Ok,Choi, Hee Kyoung,Her, Jeoung-A,Shin, Woo Jong,Kim, Myoung-A,Lee, Seong Yong,Jang, Seong Hee,Dong, Eun Sil,Kim, Chong Jae,Ahn, Young Min,Chi, Je 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.9
목 적 : 영아 돌연사에 있어서 그 역학적 특성을 알아보고 사인을 밝히는데 병력에 대한 자세한 검토, 사망 당시 상황에 대한 조사, 그리고 부검 및 대사 이상 검사 등 사후 검사의 중요성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1987년 2월부터 2001년 12월까지 14년 8개월간 갑작스런 사망으로 응급실을 방문한 1세 미만의 영아 34례를 대상으로 하여 이들의 임상기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 이들의 역학적 특성을 조사하였다. 과거 병력에 대한 검토, 사망 당시 상황에 대한 조사 및 부검을 실시한 13례의 기록과 2000년 이후 시행한 혈액, 소변, 담즙 및 간조직에서의 사후 아실카르니틴 및 유기산 분석 검사를 통하여 사망의 원인을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 성별 및 연령별 분포 : 총 34례 중 남아 18명(52.9%), 여아 16명(47.1%)으로 남아에서 많이 발생하였고 연령별 분포는 생후 6개월 이하가 31례 (88.2%)로 가장 많은 분포를 차지하였다. 2) 사망시각은 오전 6-12시에 18례(52.9%)로 가장 많은 분포를 보였다. 3) 계절적 분포는 겨울에 가장 많이 사망하였고 13례(38.2%)였다. 4) 사망 발견시 수면 자세를 알 수 있었던 15례 중 복와위가 9례, 앙와위는 6례였다. 5) 병력과 사망 당시 상황으로도 죽음의 원인을 설명할 수 없는 경우가 23례였고 이중 부검을 실시한 13례 중 특이한 병리 소견을 발견할 수 없어 SIDS로 진단을 내린 경우가 7례였고 6례는 부검을 통하여 사망의 원인을 밝힐 수 있었다. 부검을 통해 밝혀진 사인으로는 심내막 섬유 탄성증 1례, 췌도 세포증 1례, 간의 지방 변화로 지방산 대사 이상을 의심할 수 있었던 2례, 경막하 및 경막외 출혈 1례, 기관지폐렴이 1례였다. 선천성 대사 이상 질환은 부검상 총 3례에서 의심되었으나 당시에는 대사 이상 검사가 시행되지 못하였고 2000년부터 시행한 대사 이상 검사에서는 모두 정상 소견이었다. 결 론 : 자세한 병력과 사망 상황에 대한 조사와 함께 부검은 사망의 원인을 밝히고 영아 돌연사 증후군을 진단하는데 필수적이라고 할 수 있으며 앞으로 우리나라에서도 부검의 중요성을 인지하고 이를 적극적으로 시행하여야겠고 지방산 대사 이상을 포함하는 대사 이상 검사도 아울러 적극적으로 시행하여야 할 것이다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of sudden unexpected death in infancy and to evaluate the importance of postmortem autopsy. Methods : We reviewed, retrospectively, medical records of 34 infants admitted to Kangnam General Hospital from January 1987 to December 2001 because of sudden unexpected death. We investigated the cause of death through medical history, death scene examination, autopsy findings, acylcarnitine and organic acid analysis. Results : Among the total 34 infants, 18 were male(52.9%) and 16 were female(47.1%). Thirty infants(88%) were below the six months of age. Winter was the most affected season(38.2%). Eighteen infants(52.9%) died between 6 and 12AM. The prone sleeping position was observed more frequently than the supine position at death; nine cases in the prone position, six cases in the supine position. The cause of death of 23 cases could not be found by only history and death scene examination. Autopsy was done in 13 cases. Seven cases of them were thought to be SIDS. In six cases, we explained the cause of death with autosy findings. They were an endocardial fibroelastosis, a nesidioblastosis, a subdural hematoma, a bronchopneumonia and two fatty changes of liver. Metabolic screening tests performed in three cases to rule out metabolic disorder since 2000 were all normal. Conclusion : We concluded that autopsy and metabolic screening test should be performed to find out the cause of death in sudden unexpected death in infancy.
Metallic or plastic stent for bile duct obstruction in ampullary cancer?
Park, Su Bum,Kim, Hyung Wook,Kang, Dae Hwan,Choi, Cheol Woong,Ryu, Je Ho,Chu, Chong Woo,Lee, Soo Yong,Jeong, Young Il,Yeo, Hye Ju,Kim, Eun Jung Plenum Pub. Corp.] 2012 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.57 No.3
<P>Although ampullary cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy, it is frequently associated with biliary obstruction. Endoscopic biliary drainage is regarded as a palliative treatment of choice for patients with inoperable ampullary cancer. However, there are no data concerning choice of stent in this patient population. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of metallic and plastic stents for biliary obstruction in patients with ampullary cancer.</P>