자동차용 실리콘 가속도센서의 개발(Ⅱ)

이종현,신장규,이상룡,천희곤,조찬섭,심준환,류인식,박석홍,허정준,박기열 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

자동차의 air-bag 장치에 실용될 수 있는 압저항형 단결정 실리콘 가속도센서 칩을 개발하기 위하여 결정 실리콘 미세구조의 제조방법을 확립하고, 단위공정의 검증을 통하여 일괄공정에 의한 PROTO-TYPE 칩을 만드는 기술을 연구하였다. 단결정 실리콘 미세구조는 선택확산법을 이용하여 정확히 선택된 영역에만 air-gap을 형성하여 미세구조의 측면식각을 방지하는 선택확산법에 의한 실리콘 마이크로머시닝 기술로 제조하였다. 일괄공정을 위한 단위공정확립을 위하여 PROTY-TYPE 8빔 브릿지형 가속도 센서를 제조하였다. 제조된 칩의 가속도에 따른 출력전압은 선형성을 나타내고 있으며, 감도는 약 50 ㎶/V·g로 나타났다. 이 감도는 50G용 가속도센서의 사양을 만족하지 못했다. 이는 공정에 의한 문제라기 보다는 가속도센서의 시뮬레이션에 의해 설계한 구조가 이미 원하는 감도에 못 미친다는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 2차 공정으로 제조될 가속도센서의 파라미터를 SuperSAP 유한요소 패키지를 이용하여 실리콘 미세구조부의 파라미터에 따른 특성을 시뮬레이션하였다. 설계된 50G용 가속도센서의 mass Pad의 반경 및 빔 길이, 빔 폭, 빔 두께, 그리고 mass의 각 파라미터 값은 700 ㎛, 120 ㎛, 5 ㎛, 1.0 ㎎ 이었다. 반도체 공정기술, 관성질량 제조법 및 선택확산을 이용한 마이크로머시닝을 사용하여 일괄공정으로 8빔 브린지형 가속도센서를 제조하였다. We researched the establishment of the silicon microstructure fabrication technique to develop a piezoresistive type silicon acceleration sensor chip and the technique to make a proto-type chip by the verification of the unit-process. Silicon microstructure is fabricated silicon micro-machining by selective diffusion method. This method prevent a side-etching of microstructure because selective diffused region is only formed an air-gap. We fabricated a proto-type 8-beam bridge-type acceleration sensor to establish the unit-process for the batch-process. The output voltage of the chip represented linearity with acceleration, and the sensitivity was about 50 ㎶/V·g. But this sensitivity dosen't satisfy the requirements of a practical acceleration sensor. The cause of this result is assumed not process problem, but the structure designed by simulation isn't suitable already. Threfore, the characteristics of parameters of the acceleration sensor that will be fabricated by 2nd-process is simulated by SuperSAP finite-element package. The determined parameter values of beam length, beam width, beam thickness, mass, and mass radius are 120 ㎛, 5 ㎛, 1.0 ㎎, and 700 ㎛, respectively. We fabricated 8-beam bridge-type acceleration sensor by batch-process using a semiconductor process technique, proof-mass fabrication method, and micromachinig using selective diffusion.

Correlations Between Fasciology and Yin Yang Doctrine

Hui Tao,Mei-chun Yu,Hui-ying Yang,Rong-mei Qu,Chun Yang,Xin Zhou,Yu Bai,Jing-peng Wu,Jun Wang,Ou Sha,Lin Yuan 사단법인약침학회 2011 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.4 No.2

The aim of this study is to explore the correlations between fasciology and yin yang doctrine. Professor Yuan developed fasciology by three-dimensional reconstruction of connective tissue (fascia) in the trunk and limbs of the human body and tracing back to tissue origins in light of biological evolution and developmental biology. Fasciology states that the human body can be divided into two systems: the supporting-storing system and the functional system. This article elaborates on the roles of the two systems and their mutual relationship. The two systems are used to analyze the yin,the yang, and their relationship. The two systems are promoted but also restricted in different contexts. The supporting-storing system is formed by undifferentiated connective tissue and provides undifferentiated cells and nutrients for differentiated cells of the functional system. Thus, the supporting-storing system could be classified as quiet, similar to yin. The functional system continuously maintains the various functional activities of the human body. Thus, the functional system could be classified as active, similar to yang. In interpreting the yin yang doctrine from the point of view of fasciology, yin can be compared with the supporting-storing system and yang can be compared with the functional system.

Time Course Analysis of Fe Uptake and Translocation in Rice Plants

Chun-Hui Yu,Kuo-Chen Yeh,Shan-Li Wang 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

「おぼゆ」「思ほゆ」「思はる」の用法

유춘희(Yu, Chun Hui) 국제언어문학회 2016 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.35

A classical verb 「oboyu」in Japanese is a word from changing of「omohoy u」, which is a verb 「omou」connected with a auxiliary verb 「yu」, and a previous form of 「oboyu」.「omoharu」, which was formed from connecting with 「ru」that has the previous form of auxiliary verb 「yu」, has similarity with 「omohoyu」in the character and meaning. In other words,「oboyu」 「omohoyu」「omoharu」can be postulated as words used within the same boundary in their meaning and usage.「oboyu」「omohoyu」「omoharu」are intensively appeared in mainly 『genjimonogatari』among literary works during Heian period of Japan. By the way, the cases that spontaneity is translated as possibility or passivity are found in the process of interpreting scenes.It can be postulated that「omohoyu」「omoharu」have the same use of spontaneity, possibility, and passivity if「oboyu」has the use of spontaneity, possibility, and passivity. Based on these points, each usage of 「omohoyu」「omoharu」 「oboyu」was examined. The following result was found by comparing them. 「oboyu」and 「omohoyu」have little difference for the usage in 『genjimonogatri』but they are in confrontation with each other over spontaneity and passivity. That is, 「omoharu」is used as passivity that is influenced by the movement of characters while 「oboyu」is used as spontaneity that a certain situation or event is naturally realized for its characters. To sum up,「oboyu」 (「omohoyu」) and「omoharu」have a contrasting relation of spontaneity and passivity. 「omoharu」has only role of passivity. That is, it can be interpreted that 「oboyu」「omohoyu」「omoharu」have a complementary relationship and they share their roles.

쿠싱병에서의 하추체 정맥동 혈액 채취의 진단적 가치

유내춘 ( Yu Nae Chun ),이현철 ( Lee Hyeon Cheol ),양동규 ( Yang Dong Gyu ),정춘희 ( Jeong Chun Hui ),안광진 ( An Gwang Jin ),이은직 ( Lee Eun Jig ),임승길 ( Im Seung Gil ),허갑범 ( Heo Gab Beom ),정상섭 ( Jeong Sang Seob ),정태섭 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

양측성 부신과증식 및 부신피질 기능항진증의 임상증상을 수반하는 ACTH 분비성 뇌하수체 선종에의한 쿠싱병온 대분분의 경우 선종의 크기가 작아 종래의 단순두개 X-선 촬영이나 근래에 도입된 고해상 전산화 뇌단층 촬영(computed tomogram, CT) 및 자기공명영상(nuclear magnetic resonance image, MRI)검사로도 약 30∼50%에서는 이상소견을 발견하지 못하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 최근 혈관도자술을 통하여 하추체 정맥동(inferior petrosal sinus) 혈액을 체취후 호르몬 검사를 시행하여 뇌사수체 선종을 진단하는 방법이 도입되었는데, 방사선학적 검사로 발견하기 어려운 뇌하수체 미세선종의 진단에 도움을 주고 있다. 이에 저자는 1988년 6월부터 1990년 6월까지 연세의대 부속 세브란스 병원에서 임상적 증상 및 내분비학적 소견상 쿠싱병을 보였으나, 방사선학적 검사상 뇌하수체 선종을 뚜렷히 진달할수 없었던 7예의 환자를 대상으로 혈관도자술 검사로 채취한 양측 하추체 정맥동혈액의 호르몬 검사를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 대상 환자는 남자 3예, 여자4예 이었으며, 연령은 18세에서 46세로 평균연령은 33세이었다. 2) 기저혈청 cortisol 치는 7예중 5예에서 증가되었으며, 혈청 부신피질 자극호르몬(adrenocorticotropin, ACTH)치는 3예서만 증가된 소견을 보여 주었고, 4예는 정상이었다. 3) 저용량 덱사메타존 억제 검사상 전예에서 억제소견을 보이지 않았으나, 고용량 덱사메타존 억제 검사에서는 7예중 6예에서 억제소견을 보였다. 4) 전산화 뇌단층촬영상 종양의 위치를 6예에서 확인 할 수 없었으며, 핵자기 공명영상 검사를 시행한 5예중 3예에서 종양의 위치를 의심할 수 있었다. 5) 종양이 존재하는 편측 하추체 정맥동으로부터 추출한 혈청 ACTH 치는 7예중 4예에서 1.4배 이상 의의 있게 증가 되었으며, 농도차이가 나지 않은 3예중 2예에서 부신피질 자극 호르몬 방출호르몬(corticotropin releasing hormone, CRH)자극 검사를 시행하여 이중 1예에서 종약측 하추체 정맥동내 ACTH 치가 의의있게 소견을 보여 전체 환자중 5예에서, 하추체간 ACTH 농도차에 의한 종양의 편측화가 가능하였고, 수술 소견상 같은 위치에 종양이 확인되었다. 6) 종양의 편측화가 불가능 하였던 2예는 수술소견상, 뇌하수체 중앙 부위에 종양이 위치함이 확인되었다. 7) 하추체 정맥동간 prolactin과 성장호르몬(growth hormone, GH)치는 종양측 정맥동의 농도가 증가된 경우가 중앙부위 종양 2예를 제외한 5예중 4예와 3예에서 각각 의의있게 증가하였다. 8) 수술후 생화학적 검사 및 호르몬 검사를 시행한 6예중 5예는 완전관해소견을 보여 주었으며, 1예에서 외래 추적 검사상 재발이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로 쿠싱병에서 고해상 전산화 뇌단층촬영 및 자기 공명영상 검사상 종양의 존재여부가 불분명할 때, 혈관도자술을 통한 하추체 정맥동 혈액채취후 호르몬 검사는 수술전 종양의 위치를 확인하는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. Pituitary adenoma, Cushing`s disease is characterized by typical clinical symptoms like bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal cortex hyperfunctioning and is usually small in size, making it very difficult to detect by conventional plain skull X-ray and recently developed high resolution brain computed tomogram (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) are reported to detect only 30% to 50% of all cases. Currently, detection of hormone levels through inferior petrosal sinus blood sampling is available, facilitating the diagnosis of pituitary microadenoma. This clinical study was designed to detect the patients with Cushing`s disease who were hospitalized in Yonsei University Severance hospital from 1988 to 1990. And all of them are highly suggestive of Cushing`s diseas by clinical and endocrinological findings, but can not be ascertained by radiological test. In a total 7 patients were engaged, and by using bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling and hormone assay, the results are as follows. 1) Low dose dexamethasone suppression test did not show suppression in all patients performed the test but high dose dexamethasone suppression test showed suppression in six patients out of seven (85.7%). 2) Basal plasma ACTH level showed normal in four out of seven patients (57.1%). 3) Pituitary CT scan sowed normal or equivocal findings in six patients except one and MRI showed low density in two cases among five. 4) The plasma ACTH levels of inferior petrosal sinus on the ipsilateral side to the tumor were significantly increased in four cases out of seven (57.1%) compared to those of contralateral side but remaining one case showed significant ACTH increase on CRF stimulation test in tumor side and remaining two cases were found to be a midline tumor after surgery. 5) The prolactin and growth hormone levels of inferior petrosal sinus on the ipsilatral side to the tumor were increased in five cases (71.4%) and in three (50%) of six cases respectively compared to those of contralateral side. 6) After surgery, five patient`s biochemical findings showed complete remission but one patient was found to be recurred by OPD follow up. It was concluded that the hormone assay by inferior petrosal sinus sampling could provide important information about diagnosis and tumor lateralization in Cushing`s disease which was biochemically and radiologically inconclusive.

The feasibility of detecting endometrial and ovarian cancer using DNA methylation biomarkers in cervical scrapings

Cheng-Chang Chang,Hui-Chen Wang,Yu-Ping Liao,Yu-Chih Chen,Yu-Chun Weng,Mu-Hsien Yu,Hung-Cheng Lai 대한부인종양학회 2018 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.29 No.1

Objective: We hypothesized that DNA methylation of development-related genes may occur in endometrial cancer (EC)/ovarian cancer (OC) and may be detected in cervical scrapings. Methods: We tested methylation status by quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction for 14 genes in DNA pools of endometrial and OC tissues. Tissues of EC/normal endometrium, OC/normal ovary, were verified in training set using cervical scrapings of 10 EC/10 OC patients and 10 controls, and further validated in the testing set using independent cervical scrapings in 30 EC/30 OC patients and 30 controls. We generated cutoff values of methylation index (M-index) from cervical scrapings to distinguish between cancer patients and control. Sensitivity/specificity of DNA methylation biomarkers in detecting EC and OC was calculated. Results: Of 14 genes, 4 (PTGDR, HS3ST2, POU4F3, MAGI2) showed hypermethylation in EC and OC tissues, and were verified in training set. POU4F3 and MAGI2 exhibited hypermethylation in training set were validated in independent cases. The mean M-index of POU4F3 is 78.28 in EC and 20.36 in OC, which are higher than that in controls (6.59; p<0.001 and p=0.100, respectively), and that of MAGI2 is 246.0 in EC and 12.2 in OC, which is significantly higher that than in controls (2.85; p<0.001 and p=0.480, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of POU4F3/MAGI2 were 83%–90% and 69%–75% for detection of EC, and 61% and 62%–69% for the detection of OC. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the potential of EC/OC detection through testing for DNA methylation in cervical scrapings.

Histological analysis on tissues around orthodontically intruded maxillary molars using temporary anchorage devices: A case report

Hui-Chen Tsai,Julia Yu-Fong Chang,Chia-Chun Tu,Chung-Chen Jane Yao 대한치과교정학회 2023 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.53 No.2

Before progress was recently made in the application of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) in bio-mechanical design, orthodontists were rarely able to intrude molars to reduce upper posterior dental height (UPDH). However, TADs are now widely used to intrude molars to flatten the occlusal plane or induce counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. Previous studies involving clinical or animal histological evaluation on changes in periodontal conditions after molar intrusion have been reported, however, studies involving human histology are scarce. This case was a Class I malocclusion with a high mandibular plane angle. Upper molar intrusion with TADs was performed to reduce UPDH, which led to counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. After 5 months of upper molar intrusion, shortened clinical crowns were noticed, which caused difficulties in oral hygiene and hindered orthodontic tooth movement. The mid-treatment cone-beam computed tomography revealed redundant bone physically interfering with buccal attachment and osseous resective surgeries were followed. During the surgeries, bilateral mini screws were removed and bulging alveolar bone and gingiva were harvested for biopsy. Histological examination revealed bacterial colonies at the bottom of the sulcus. Infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells underneath the non-keratinized sulcular epithelium was noted, with abundant capillaries being filled with red blood cells. Proximal alveolar bone facing the bottom of the gingival sulcus exhibited active bone remodeling and woven bone formation with plump osteocytes in the lacunae. On the other hand, buccal alveolar bone exhibited lamination, indicating slow bone turnover in the lateral region.

Poster Session : PS-1552 ; COPD : Experience of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with COPD in Regional Pulmonary Center

( Yu Hui Won ),( Jin Young Chun ),( Sung Hee Park ),( Jeong Hwan Seo ),( Myoung Hwan Ko ),( Yong Chul Lee ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has been demonstrated to reduce dyspnea, increase exercise capacity, and improve quality of life in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We report our experiences to operate PR program of COPD in our PR clinic which belongs to Regional Pulmonary Center in Chon-Buk area. Methods: From March to June 2014, hospital records of patients in our PR clinic were reviewed retrospectively. For inpatients program, initial assessment were done by rehabilitation physician and individualized PR programs were prescribed considering patient`s exercise capacity. PR program included aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, resistance training using elastic bandage, breathing retraining (diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing), device training for secretion management using acapella, fiutter, PEP device, and VEST (high frequency chest wall oscillation), and respiratory muscle training. Outpatient`s PR program was conducted as hospital based PR or home based PR for 8 weeks. Results: In our PR clinic, among total 154 patients who were consulted for PR, 84 (54.5%) was COPD with acute exacerbation (AE) (Table 1). No serious complications were developed during PR program. Eighteen patients (11.7%) refused to practice PR due to personal reasons. For outpatient clinic, eighteen (56.3%) of 32 stable COPD patients were included (Table 1). Characteristics for COPD patients who received PR program were described in Table 2. Among these COPD patients, 34.3% performed hospital based PR, 34.3% home based PR, 20% home-based PR with weekly or every two weeks hospital visit, and 11.4% was missed follow up. Conclusions: For 4 months, patients who underwent PR were gradually increased. Since PR program has been accepted essential, non-medical treatment for COPD, PR should be included to COPD treatment. Also, korean researches about clinical benefits of COPD management would be necessary to settle down PR in Korea.

Lgr4 Promotes Glioma Cell Proliferation through Activation of Wnt Signaling

Yu, Chun-Yong,Liang, Guo-Biao,Du, Peng,Liu, Yun-Hui Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

The key signaling networks regulating glioma cell proliferation remain poorly defined. The leucine-rich repeat containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (Lgr4) has been implicated in intestinal, gastric, and epidermal cell functions. We investigated whether Lgr4 functions in glioma cells and found that Lgr4 expression was significantly increased in glioma tissues. In addition, Lgr4 overexpression promoted while its knockdown using small interfering RNA oligos inhibited glioma cell proliferation. In addition, Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling was activated in cells overexpressing Lgr4. Therefore, our results revealed that Lgr4 activates Wnt/${\beta}$-catenin signaling to regulate glioma cell proliferation.

Protective Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Acetaldehyde-Treated Precision-Cut Rat Liver Slices

Yu Guo,Xiao-Qian Wu,Chun Zhang,Zhang-Xiu Liao,Yong Wu,Hui Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.6

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in hepatic fibrogenesis, and inhibition of HSC activation may prevent liver fibrosis. Acetaldehyde, the most deleterious metabolite of alcohol, triggers HSC activation in alcoholic liver injury. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of sodium ferulate (SF), a sodium salt of ferulic acid that is rich in fruits and vegetables, on acetaldehyde-stimulated HSC activation using precision-cut liver slices (PCLSs). Rat PCLSs were co-incubated with 700 lM acetaldehyde and different concentrations of SF. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring enzyme leakage and malondialdehyde content in tissue. a-Smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-b1, and hydroxyproline were determined to assess the activation of HSCs. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) were determined to evaluate collagen degradation. SF prominently prevented the enzyme leakage in acetaldehyde-treated slices and also inhibited HSC activation and collagen production stimulated by acetaldehyde. In addition, SF increased MMP-1 expression and decreased TIMP-1 expression. These results showed that SF protected PCLSs from acetaldehyde-stimulated HSC activation and liver injury, which may be associated with the attenuation of oxidative injury and acceleration of collagen degradation