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Estimating population density of Nicrophorus quadripunctatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in Korea
Kim Do‐Sung,Cho Young‐Bok,Han Yong‐Gu 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.11
Estimating the population density of organisms is of great concern to ecologists and much effort has been put into making accurate assessment of population levels in nature. We evaluated the trapping web (TW) method for the determination of the density of species of burying beetles. We found eight and six species of burying beetles at Beopjusa and Ssanggok‐ri areas, respectively. Most of the species population comprised Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, with densities of 65 and 195 per ha for Beopjusa and Ssanggok‐ri areas, respectively. Moreover, the flight intercept trap (FIT) method from 2003 to 2007 also revealed the same trend: Beopjusa temple (2928) to Ssanggok‐ri (5835). However, the differences in number of individuals were probably due to the differences in the methods and the length of the trapping period. The populations of N. quadripunctatus exist as metapopulations, making accurate assessment of the population densities extremely difficult. We hypothesized that the TW method could accurately estimate population densities extrapolated from patch population size per area.
The Tonal Patterns of the North Kyungsang Taegu Dialect: An Optimality Account
Cho, Hyeon-Woo,Lee, Sang-Do 인제대학교 1998 仁濟論叢 Vol.14 No.1
본 논문은 경상북도 대구 방언의 합성어의 액센트 체계를 규칙에 기반을 둔 자립분절 음운론 및 어휘 음운론의 관점에서 분석한 조현우(1989)에서 일부 자료를 발췌하여 최근의 제약에 바탕을 둔 음운 이론인 최적이론(Optimality Theory)의 틀 속에서 제 분석한 것이다. 기존의 틀 속에서는 규칙에 바탕을 두고 분석이 이루어 졌기 때문에 적지 않게 부자연스러 운 점이 많았다. 예를 들면, 대구 방언에는 부동 고성조(floating high tone)가 오른쪽으로 전파해 가는(spread) 규칙이 있는데, 이 규칙에는 전파하는 성조가 부동 고성조여야 하며, 한번 전파하면 더 이상 반복되지 않아야 한다는 조건 등이 수반된다. 그러므로, 이 규칙은 전파하기 전에 고성조가 부동인 지 아닌 지를 알아보기 위해 파생 과정의 초기 단계를 살펴 봐야 하는 이른 바 '파생환경 규칙(derived environment rule)'에 해당하며, 이는 대구 방언의 성조 체계에 비싼 값을 치루는 격이 된다. 이와는 달리, 제약에 바탕을 둔 최적 이론에서는 모든 규칙을 버리고 보편문법을 구성하고 있다고 생각되는 제약으로 음운현상을 설명하려고 하는 동시에, 이 제약은 경우에 따라 상호간에 위반할 수 있도록 허용하여 그들 사이에 순서를 설정함으로써 최적의 음운 형태를 선택할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 따라서, 상위 제약을 어기는 음운 형태는 비문법적인 것으로 판명되며, 하위 제약을 어기는 형태는 그것을 감수하면서도 최적으로 판명되기도 한다. 이 논문에서는 1음절, 2음절, 3음절 및 4음절어를 부동 성조를 가진 것과 그렇지 않은 (prelinked) 것으로 구별 하여 그 성조 형태를 논의했으며, 다음에는 이들 단어들과 성조가 없는 것으로 생각되는 주격 조사 '-가, -이'가 결합된 형태의 성조를 최적이론의 틀에서 살펴보았다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, FAITH[H], LINK[TONE], INTERP>>NOSPREAD[H]>>ALIGNR[H]>>FAITH[L]의 제약 순서로 대구 방언의 성조 현상을 더욱 더 자연스러운 방법으로 설명 할 수 있다. 둘째, 제약에 바탕을 둔 최적 이론은 어휘/자립분절 음운론에서 임시 방편으로 규정 했던 '파생환경규칙'을 필요로 하지 않는다. 마지막으로, '밥이(HH)'와 '콩이(HL)'의 성조 차이는 제약 NOSPREAD[H]의 관여로 설명될 수 있는데, 전자는 이 제약을 간과하는 반면, 후자는 그렇지 않다.
Cho Hee Won,Lee Hyunwoo,Ju Hee Young,Yoo Keon Hee,Koo Hong Hoe,Lim Do Hoon,Sung Ki Woong,Shin Hyung Jin,Suh Yeon-Lim,Lee Ji Won 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.7
Background: Recent genomic studies identified four discrete molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma (MB), and the risk stratification of childhood MB in the context of subgroups was refined in 2015. In this study, we investigated the effect of molecular subgroups on the risk stratification of childhood MB. Methods: The nCounter® system and a customized cancer panel were used for molecular subgrouping and risk stratification in archived tissues. Results: A total of 44 patients were included in this study. In clinical risk stratification, based on the presence of residual tumor/metastasis and histological findings, 24 and 20 patients were classified into the average-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Molecular subgroups were successfully defined in 37 patients using limited gene expression analysis, and DNA panel sequencing additionally classified the molecular subgroups in three patients. Collectively, 40 patients were classified into molecular subgroups as follows: WNT (n = 7), SHH (n = 4), Group 3 (n = 8), and Group 4 (n = 21). Excluding the four patients whose molecular subgroups could not be determined, among the 17 average-risk group patients in clinical risk stratification, one patient in the SHH group with the TP53 variant was reclassified as very-high-risk using the new risk classification system. In addition, 5 of 23 patients who were initially classified as high-risk group in clinical risk stratification were reclassified into the low- or standard-risk groups in the new risk classification system. Conclusion: The new risk stratification incorporating integrated diagnosis showed some discrepancies with clinical risk stratification. Risk stratification based on precise molecular subgrouping is needed for the tailored treatment of MB patients.
Detected Range of the Deicer around the Highway
Sung Hyeon Cho,Goon Taek Lee,Byeong Duk Lee,Jin Hwan Kim,Do Soon Kim,So Young Moon,Dong Guen Lee,Jeong Min Choi,Jun Young Kim 한국도로학회 2018 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.05
The composition of the deicer sprayed on the highway is spreading over the highway by the scattering or snow removal activity, or car movement and consequently affecting the vegetation environment around the highway. These are the cause of the damage of fruit trees and crops, and also the cause of corrosion of highway structures. The goal of this study is to estimate the detected range of deicer components from a highway. The concentration of the deicer components in gauze and soil were investigated according to the crossing distance from the highway. The data collected were then used to estimate the concentration range of deicer components in a rage of distance up to 100 m from the highway where the deicer was spread. The sample time and weight of gauze were measured before and after installation, and the soil was collected at more than three points in parallel with the highway at the gauze installation point. The components in gauze and soil were investigated in addition to the deicer components (Ca2+, Na+, Cl-) as well as Mg2+ and K+. As Ca2+ and Cl- components of deicer were affected by agricultural use, Na+ component was selected as a tracer and further SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio) of soil was analyzed to examine the degree of influence on vegetation indirectly. The gauze concentration was evaluated by the concentration of the deicer ingredient at the background concentration of the blank gauze. The total amount of the deicer sprayed in the study road for 4 months (winter season) was about 93 ton/km. In the gauze test, the spread of the deicer was detected at a distance of 100 m in study area, but the concentration of the deicer in the gauze by distance decreased rapidly within 10 m from the highway. And concentration of the deicer components in gauze and soil came down after rainy season (August ~ Sep.). The results showed that the components of the deicer could be spread widely by the wind. The effective range of the deicer on vegetation based on SAR in soil was estimated to be less than 20 m from the highway. This study examines the concentration changes of the deicer components in gauze and soils and shows that deicer components sprayed on the highway are accumulated and moved over time by wind, snow removal, terrain, water system and land use around the highway.