Comparative AFLP Profiles among Strains of Korean Races of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.

Kang,Mi-Hyung,Lee,Du-Ku,Noh,Tae-Hwan,Shim,Hyeong-Kwon,Na,Seung-Yong,Kim,Jae-Duk 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

We used an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, a novel PCR-based technique, to differentiate Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) of Korean races. The 6 strains of Xoo K1, K2, K3 races were tested with 81 AFLP primer combinations to identify the best selective primers. The primer combinations were selected according to their reproducibility, number of polymorphic bands and polymorphism detected among Xoo strains. 18 strains of Xoo K1, K2 and K3 races were analyzed with the selected combinations of primer set. Some primer combinations (Eco R I +1 / Mse I+1) could differentiate Xoo of Korean races that were not distinguished by other fingerprinting analysis. Thus AFLP fingerprinting permitted very fine discrimination among different races.

山間村의 所得增大를 위한 適地産業 開發方案

李康寧,高永杜,金正敎,河浩成,姜奉淳,朴道秉,姜淮 慶尙大學校 1978 論文集 Vol.17 No.2

This study attempts to analysis the present situation of farm management and the related industriesin order to present the suitable industries for promoting the farmers' income in mountain area. This study is based on the survey data obtained from 30 sample mountain vellages in 10 Guns located in central, wetern and northen Kyeougnam Province, where lots of mountain vellages are scattered here and there. Major findings obtained from the analysis are summarized as follows: 1) Area of cultivated land in mountian villages was generally smaller than that in plain vellages. BUt major finding of thes tudy indicated that the standard of living in the study area depended upon not only the size of cultivated land but also the skills of management to understand exavtly the regional and togographical situaltion, to utilize the developmental resources effectively, and to diversify income sources. This means that upbringing of competent Saemaul leaders is very important for promoting the income of mountain villages. 2) Various crops were being planted in a samll scale inmountain area. And those crops except rice adn barley were planted for self-sufficiency. Therefore, it is desired to select and cultivate intensively the kinds of crops which are regionally adn topographically suitable for maximizing farm inceomes of subsistant farmers. 3) The survey found out that in mountain area the farming of extensive fruits like chestnuts, persimmons, etc. is more favorable than that of intensive fruits like apples, pears, etc. 4) Because of topographical inappropriateness and lack of fertile cultivates land in mountain area, mowt vegetables, except onions in a few regions, were growing in a small scales for self-sufficiency. And the future of the vegetable cultivationin mountain area is also gloomy. 5) Since various grasses are abundantly growing in the wild in mountain area, the mountain villages are suitable for raising the herbivorous animals. Therefore it is recommeded to encourage raising the herbivorous animals, especially cattle, as one of the major income sources in mountain area. 6) It is true that sericulture has greartly contributed to the economic growth in mountain area with aboundant land suitable for mulberry trees. Recenly sericulture has, however, been shrinking due to the barriers of silk exportation. Without the barriers of silk exportation, sericulture will still play an important role on providing one of the major sources tom mountain villages. 7) The miscellaneous trees in most forest around the mountain villages were growing planlessly. Those parts of the forest are needed to be renewed by planting the useful, endurable, and regionally and topographically suitable kinds of trees.

포스트모던 사회에서의 정전과 문학연구의 문제 : American Literary Studies in the Age of Postmodernism 미국문학의 경우

강두형 광운대학교 인문사회과학연구소 1996 인문사회과학논문집 Vol.25 No.-

병원 개신교 교역자들과 교회 교역자들의 정신질환에 대한 인식비교

강두현,정용균 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.6

본 조사 연구는 교회 교역자들과 병원 교역자들(정신과가 없는 병원 교역자와 정신과가 있는 병원 교역자로 구분)의 정신질환에 대한 인식 및 치료 개념의 차이를 알아보고. 이러한 결과를 토대로 교역자들에게 정신질환에 대한 정신의학적 계몽과 교육의 기초, 정신과 의사와 교역자들과의 효과적인 교류를 위해, 병원 교역자들을 통한 교육 효과의 가능성을 모색하고, 이를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 이러한 연구 목적을 위하여 교회 교역자 225명, 병원 교역자 225명을 대상으로 우편 설문지 조사를 실시하였고, 완전한 응답을 한 교회 교역자 60명, 병원 교역자 88명 (정신과가 없는 병원 교역자 35명 정신과가 있는 병원 교역자 53명), 총 148명을 최종 분석 대상으로 하였다. 조사자료의 통계는 빈도, 백분율 및 Chi-square test를 실시하였다. 본 조사 연구의 분석 결과를 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 항목을 중심으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 1) 종교 행사(부흥회나 산기도회)에 참석하여 정신이상이 발생된 경우, 원인과 치료에 대한 견해에 유의한 차이가 있었는데 원인에서 '악령과 관련이 있다'라고 응답한 경우에 교회 교역자군은 90.0%, 정신과가 없는 병원 교역자군은 82.9%, 정신과가 있는 병원 교역자군은 56.6%의 순서로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .001), 치료 방법으로 정신과가 있는 병원 교역자군에서 '정신과 치료'를 가장 많이 선택하였고, 세군 간에서도 유의하게 가장 높았다(각각 16.7%, 22.9%, 39.6%, p < .05). 2) 마귀(귀신)들림과 일반질환은 '구별이 가능하다'라고 각각 85.0%, 80.0%, 69.8%로 응답하였다 치료자 선택에 대한 세군 모두 '신유은사 받은 자'라고 응답하는 경우가 가장 많았고(각각 61.7%, 57.1%, 34.0% 순서로), '정신과 의사를 선택한다고 응답한 경우에서는 병원 교역자군 특히, 정신과가 있는 병원 교역자군에서 가장 높았으며(각각 3.3%, 17.1%, 34.0%), 세군 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .01). 3) 정신질환의 원인에 대한 견해에서 세군 모두 '심리적 정신적 갈등'에 가장 높게 응답하였으나(각각 98.3%, 94.3%, 94.3%), 세군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 치료방법에 대한 응답에서 '심리요법'에 응답한 경우 세군(각각 46.7%, 42.9%, 66.0%)간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .05). 4) 교역자 가족중에서 정신질환이 발생될 경우. 치료 선택에서 유의한 차이가 있었는데 '정신과 치료를 선택한다는 경우에서 세군(각각 13.3%, 14.3%, 35.8%)간에 유의한 차이가 있었다(p < .01). 이상의 결과를 통해 볼 때 교역자들에게 정신질환에 대한 정신의학적 인식 및 지식을 형성하는데 정신과 의사가 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 판단되며, 교역자들에게 정신질환에 대한 적절한 인식 및 지식 수준을 향상시키기 위해서는 일차적으로, 병원 교역자들과의 적극적이고 포괄적인 교류가 필요하다고 볼 수 있고, 앞으로 이에 대한 방법론적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. 0bjectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the conception toward mental illness out of protestant pastors and preachers in the Hospital and Church. Methods : The sample in this study consisted of 95 pastors and 53 preacher. The data were collected through a mail questionnaire survey using the questionnaire of Jin-Wook Sohn and Bou-Yong Rhi(1983). Statistics employed for the analysis were the Chi-square test. Results : 1) The hospital pastors/preachers had demonological orientation significantly less than the church pastors/preachers in explaining the mental breakdown during and/or after the revival service. In this case, the hospital pastors/preachers chose psychiatric treatment as a treatment mode significantly more than those in the church. 2) The hospital pastors/preachers chose psychiatrist as a curer of demon possession significantly more than those in the church. 3) The pastors/preachers in hospitals with department of psychiatry chose psychological treatment significantly more than dose in the church and in the hospital without department of psychiatry as a treatment mode of mental illness. 4) In the case of a family member of hospital pastors/preachers having mental illness, the hospital pastors/preachers would choose psychiatric treatment as a treatment mode significantly more than those in the church. Conclusion : The results from this study suggest that the role of psychiatrists might be very instrumental to pastors and preachers in being able to become aware of correct conceptions toward mental illness. Furthermore, the pastors/preachers working in the hospital would be more proper and moderate objects than those working in the church.

도덕성 발달론에 입각한 도덕과(道德科) 수업 방법의 개선

강두호 全北大學校 敎育大學院 2001 敎育論叢 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review moral development theories as the theoretical basis and to seek the practical ways for the improvement or betterment of teaching methods of moral studies education. As the theoretical basis of moral studies education, this study pays attention to psychological approaches. Among those approaches it makes much of moral development theories. L. Kohlberg and the latest T. Lickona are leading figures in the domain of moral development theories. In their views, moral development and judgement are associated with states of cognitive maturation. For them, morality is most powerfully explained in terms of the logical processes through which one conceives and resolves moral conflicts. And what distinguishes their approach from other models is their theories of the stages of moral judgement. They have delineated empirically the structure of moral reasoning and its transformations from childhood to adulthood. At the heart of moral development theories is the concept of 'stages'. Stages refer to the structure of reasoning. And the basis of moral education in the moral developmental model is that the teacher creates opportunities for stuednts to think through their experiences in increasingly complex ways. What motivates students toward greater cognitive sophistication is exposure to more adequate patterns of reasoning, specifically those that reflect a stage of moral judgement one higher than their own. In this coherence, this study makes four suggestions for the betterment of teaching methods of moral studies education. First, the teacher should make effective use of moral dilemmas to help students develop more inclusive social perspectives and more objective lines of reasoning. Then he should use a series of different kinds of questions in the initial and later phase of moral discussion. Second, the teacher should properly make the most of role-playing. It can also stimulate the real experience of walking in someone else's shoes. Third, the teacher should make efforts to set up a conducive classroom atmosphere by forming a community. As Kohlberg's case says, the community's decisions can be made at the highest level of moral reasoning available to its student members. Fourth, the teacher should put some renowned tests measuring the level of student's moral reasoning to practical use. For example, OISE Test, DIT, and MJT can help the teacher.

제주지역의 akabane virus에 대한 역학조사 및 원인체 분리동정

강완철,김은주,현관종,전창익,김희석,이두식 濟州大學校 農科大學 動物科學硏究所 2000 動物科學論叢 Vol.15 No.1

自然法的 倫理規範으로서의 共同善

姜斗浩 全北大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to make it clear that the main content of natural law ethics lies in guaranteeing the common good as norm. Natural law is a rule of conduct that proceeds from human nature as rational. A historical survey of the notion of the common good reveals both that it is a ancient notion and that it is variously understood and formulated. For the Greeks, the comon good has been identified with those aspects of human existence that contribute to the stability of the nation. In Roman Period, Cicero speaks of the commonwealth as the people's affair. For Augustine, the common good of the city of man is peace that has to be judged by the divine law and serve as a vehicle to the eternal life. Thomas Aquinas, who systemized the doctrine of the common good, asserts that law is nothing other than an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community, and promulgated. With specific viewpoints, modern thinders, including Hobbes, Locke, Bentham, Mill, etc., regard society as contractual rather than natural and declare its ends to be determined by self-interest rather than by divine ordination. In this century, social changes demand a redefinition of the norm of the common good and best endeavours can be found to define the common good in a final way, especially among neo-thomists. Some aspects of the common good require special attention. The common good extends to many in their very diversity and by reason of this diversity. Also, it is common by reason of its communicability to those many different individuals. And, the attainment of common good of human beings differs from that of an organic whole and of a collectivity of animals. Above all, by the very fact that each of us is a 'person' and expresses himself to himself, each of us requires communication with other and the others in the order of knowledge and love. Human nature therefore constitutes the ontological ground for society and needs social supplementation for its integration. The common good as norm may be referred to as extrinsic principles of human action. Law is the rule and measure of human acts and relations. As law is an ordinance of reason for the common good, the common good is the final cause of law. The common good is the end or purpose of all law. Every civil law, insofar as it aims at the common good and is accordingly a just law, carries an obligation to be obeyed. The common good as norm is referred to as internal principle of human acts. The basic difference between good and bad is natural and not arbitrary. A common nature requires that men love one another by helping each other in their quest of goal of life. Also, each one is to contribute his due share to the common good as determined by natural law, and each one is entitled to a proportionate share in the social advantage. Naturally, human beings should pursue the common good.

예비유아교사의 문제해결력 증진을 위한 블렌디드 PBL 프로그램 개발

강문숙,박수홍,김두규 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2012 교사교육연구 Vol.51 No.3

본 연구는 예비유아교사의 유아교사양성과정에서 지속적이고 체계적인 문제해결력 증진을 위해 블렌디드 PBL 프로그램을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 첫째, 문헌연구와 사례연구를 통해 핵심학습활동 프로세스와 핵심지원요소, 블렌디드 설계 전략을 도출하여 초안을 구안하였다. 둘째, 프로그램 초안을 전문가 형성평가를 실시하여 수정ㆍ보완한 후 프로그램을 완성하였다. 셋째, 이를 현장 적용하여 예비유아교사교육에 현장적용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 그 결과, 블렌디드 PBL 프로그램은 예비유아교사의 문제해결력이 증진되어 현장적용이 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 본 프로그램을 유아교사양성과정에 투입하기 위해서는 각 교과의 특성에 맞게 활용 할 수 있는‘PBL 문제’가 필요한데, 아직까지 유아교사양성과정에서 수업을 지원해 줄 수 있는‘PBL 문제은행’은 갖추어져 있지 않아 교수자들이 손쉽게 활용할 수 있도록 ‘PBL문제은행’을 구축하고, PBL 문제 검증 시스템 연구가 필요하다. 또한 구성주의 교수학습 방법의 하나인PBL 학습환경에서 팀이 가지는 문제해결력을 어떻게 조작적으로 정의할 것이며, 유아교사양성과에서의 팀기반 문제해결력 증진을 위한 블렌디드 PBL 프로그램의 개발 필요성을 제안하였다. This research aims to develop a Blended PBL Program to promote problem-solving skills among early childhood teachers. The core ideas of the PBL program were derived from a literature survey. Based on the core learning activities in the program, core learning guidelines were prepared and supporting components to assist student’s learning processes were deduced. A blending strategy in accordance with the entire program was established. The implication was obtained by applying the program to the work. The core idea matrix of Blended in the environment to promote problem-solving in instructions at the University was derived from the results of the research. According to this matrix, the core class activity was constructed through 7 stages. Learning supporting components for a facilitator and a learner were prepared for each process. Established blending strategy was created based on all-line, how to teach and learning supporting organization. Final program was suggested as a blueprint for seven stages actual learning which was consisted of an introductory learning component, a main learning component and a post learning component. The implication of research was derived from the analysis of data gathered from actual application of the program on problem-solving in a real instructional setting.

價値內面化 敎授方案硏究

강두호,천미선 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1992 敎育論叢 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to search for the theoretical and practical devices for the internalization of a value as an approach to the teaching method or strategy of the moral or ethical studies education. 'Value' as a determinant of all kinds of behavior is a philosophic idea. And some phychological or educational theories are fairly suggestive to the internalization of a value. So Many models of types as approaches to value education have been presented. Among these 'values clarification' is remarkable as a contemporary and heuristic approach. The theory of values clarification promises that we can assist people by helping them to clarify their values. If we succeed in clarifying them, the theory asserts that results will show up as changes in behavior. Clarifying Response and Value Sheet are typical strategies or devices for the values clarification. As a dialgue one the former is a response a teacher makes to something a student has said or done when the purpose is to encourage that student to do some extra thinking. As a writing one the latter is a device for bringing something worth getting clearer about to the attention of students in a nonthreatening and stimulating way. For the practical applications in the classroom, their frameworks and some examples are arranged respectively.

社會倫理와 自然法思想

姜斗浩 全北大學校 敎育大學院 1988 敎育論叢 Vol.8 No.-

Natural law is a rule of conduct that proceeds from human nature aw rational. The purpose of this study is to make it clear that the fundamental principles of human social life lie in natural law. For the greeks, morals and human law have their foundation in the harmony of nature or the natural law. The Romans related the moral principles to the legal orders. The idea of natural law perfected by Thomas Aquinas was related chiefly to the political order as ' law of nature' in modern period. The natural law tradition gave way in the 19th century to positivism. But, a revival of natural law doctrine begins with a reaction against the sterility and ineffectiveness of positivism this century. It is emphasized that the unity of being and oughtness in the metaphysical order, the priority of the intellect over the will make the basis of the possibility of a natural moral law. Natural law in the strict sense is possible on the basis of a true knowledge of the essences of things, for therein lies its ontological support. And, the order of being can be a moral order only if its essential basis is the Creator's wisdom, only if in the Creator the intellect is the nobler faculty. As it were, it is natural law (lex insita). It determines what positive arrangements, in themselves capable of being willed in given historical circumstances, can be right. Moreover, human nature is mutable in a sense, also natural law is like that. Natural law is the root of social ethics.