ㅣ의 조음 특성에 관한 연구

조오현 ( Oh Hyun Cho ) 한말연구학회 2001 한말연구 Vol.- No.9

This study is experimental and in this study, the hypothesis written by Cho Oh-hyun (1998, 1999), which suggests the difference between the phonetic value of `ㅣ` in 15th century and at the present time, will be tested and examined. The method taken for experiment is that a sound value is assumed by analysing sounds, and the theoretical background and the method and the consequency of the experiment are described below: 1) The theoretical background ① Referring to the nature [+high] of `ㅣ` containing a wide variety of phonemic phenomenon and the explanation in 「Hun Min Jeong Yem - the Korean script」, the sound of `ㅣ` was possibly articulated in the area of the neutral position in the 15th century, however, at present it has been changed in to a unvoiced vowel and become the presently used [+high] sound of `ㅣ`. ② ① A wide variety of phonemic phenomenon, which did not exist in the 15th century, has been generated, for example, `ㄷ` palatalization and `ㄴ` a law of the initial sound of a syllable, a dental sound of `ㅈ`, `ㅊ`, `ㅉ` being changed to a palatal sound, a inherited overlapping vowel being changed to a single vowel and round vowelization. 2) a method for the experiment Seven male students from Seoul and seven male students from Kyeng-Ki provice, who are in the third year at Kon-kuk university, were selected and trained to be able to pronounce `ㅈ`, `ㅊ`, `ㅉ` both with a palatal sound and with a gum sound, and then `ㅣ` sound was abstracted and analyzed by the method suggested by P. Ladefoged in order to decide a range. The range already decided mentioned above were used to compare between the ranges of the presently used `ㅣ` and surrounding sounds of `ㅡ`, `ㅓ`, `ㅔ`. 3) the result of the experiment The experiment has proven that the phonetic value of `ㅣ` being articulated a sound which was higher than `ㅓ` position and in front of `ㅓ` position in the 15th century, is different from the sound of `ㅣ` presently used. As a result of the experiment, it is concluded that the sound of `ㅣ` was pronounced from near neutral position and the sound easily pronounced, which is explained in `Jung Seoung Hae in 「Hun Min Jeong Yem - the Korean script」is the same meaning of the neutral position.

건축용 형용사 연구 : '밝다, 환하다, 훤하다'를 중심으로

조오현 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1999 인문과학논총 Vol.33 No.-

We have searched for the meaning of '밝다, 환하다, 훤하다' and the condition by which we can distinguish these meanings. We've found these materials from KCP and studied the words, '밝게, 환하게, 훤하게' with connecting ending, instead of that of basic form, as a matter of convenience. Consequently we could find out these following regularity. 1. In the case of '밝게', the phrase, [-이 -을 밝게 -다], which contains the object is used more than the phrase, [-이 밝게 -다]. But in the case of '환하게', the phrase, [-이 환하게 -다], is more than the phrase, [-이 -을 환하게 -다]. As regards '훤하게', the phrase, [-이 -을 훤하게 -다], is scarcely used, and [-이 훤하게 -다] is used most. 2. The meaning of term '밝다' is distinguished from feature of its subject and object. But the meaning of '밝다' and '훤하다' is mostly distinguished from the feature of its predicate, hardly distinguished from the feature of its subject and object. 3. The difference between '밝다' and '환하다·훤하다' is that the term '밝다' is intended to express statical, objective [brightness], while the term '환하다·훤하다' is intended to express dynamic, subjective [brightness]. 4. The antonym of '밝다' is '어둡다' and that of '환하다' is '깜깜하다' 5. The difference between '환하다' and '훤하다' is that of the brightness ; The brightness turns '환한' after '훤한' as the darkness turns '깜깜하다' after '껌껌하다'.

레진모형 근관에서 Ni-Ti 파일로 근관성형 후 거타퍼챠콘의 근관내 삽입깊이에 대한 연구

조현구,황윤찬,황인남,오원만 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

본 연구는 레진모형 만곡근관에서 여러 가지 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti파일로 근관성형 후,같은 경사도를 가진 수종의 거타퍼챠콘을 적용시 근관 내 삽입 깊이에 대해 비교, 분석해보고자 시행하였다. 레진 모형근관으로 J자의 근관형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOCK 50개를 사용하여 각각 10개씩 1) ProFile .04 taper #25, 2) ProFile .06 taper #25, 3) ProTaper F2, 4) HEROShaper .04 taper #25, 5) HEROShaper .06 taper #25 파일로 최종 근관성형 하였다. 거타퍼챠콘은 META (META Biomed, Korea), Sure-Endo (SUREDENT, Korea) 그리고 DiaDent (DiaDent Group International Inc., Canada)의 .04 및 .06 경사도의 콘을 사용하였으며 선택된 거타퍼챠콘의 직경 및 경사도를 측정하였다. ProFile과 HEROShaper로 성형한 레진블록에는 사용된 Ni-Ti 파일의 경사도에 맞는 제조회사별 .04 및 .06 경사도의 거타퍼챠콘을 10개씩 근관에 적용하였으며, ProTaper로 성형한 레진블록에는 경사도와 무관하게 제조회사별 .04 및 .06 경사도의 거타퍼챠콘을 10개씩 적용하였다. 거타퍼챠콘을 근관 내 적용한 상태에서 스캐너를 이용하여 이미지를 얻은 후 이미지 분석 프로그램을 사용하여 근첨에서 거타퍼챠콘 첨부까지의 거리를 측정하였고 다음의 결과를 얻었다. HEROShaer를 이용하여 근관성형 한 경우 ProFile 및 ProTaper보다 거타퍼챠콘의 근관 내 적합성이 우수하게 나타났으며, 근관성형 시 .04 taper HEROShaper로 근관성형 후에는 META 거타퍼챠콘 및 Sure-Endo 거타퍼챠콘을, .06 taper HEROShaper로 근관성형 후에는 DiaDent 거타퍼챠콘을 마스터콘으로 사용시 근관 내 적합성이 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 근관성형 후 사용한 Ni-Ti 파일과 같은 경사도를 가진 거타퍼챠콘이 근관에 알맞게 위치되는 것은 아니며 근관충전 시 적절한 마스터콘의 선택이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the insertion depth of several brands of master gutta percha cones after shaping by various Ni-Ti rotary files in simulated canals. Fifty resin simulated J-shape canals were instrumented with ProFile, ProTaper and HEROShaper. Simulated canals were prepared with ProFile .04 taper #25 (n = 10), .06 taper #25 (n = 10), ProTaper F2 (n = 10), HEROShaper .04 taper #25 (n = 10) and .06 taper #25 (n = 10). Size #25 gutta percha cones with a .04 & .06 taper from three different brands were used: DiaDent; META; Sure-endo. The gutta percha cones were selected and inserted into the prepared simulated canals. The distance from the apex of the prepared canal to the gutta percha cone tip was measured by image analysis program. Within limited data of this study, the results were as follows 1. When the simulated root canals were prepared with HEROShaper, gutta-percha cones were closely adapted to the root canal. 2. All brands of gutta percha cones fail to go to the prepared length in canal which was instrumented with ProFile, the cones extend beyond the prepared length in canal which was prepared with ProTaper. 3. In canal which was instrumented with HEROShaper .04 taper #25, Sure-endo .04 taper master gutta percha cone was well fitted (p < 0.05). 4. In canal which was instrumented with HEROShaper .06 taper #25, META .06 taper master gutta percha cone was well fitted (p ( 0.05). As a result, we concluded that the insertion depth of all brands of master gutta percha cone do not match the rotary instrument, even though it was prepared by crown-down technique, as recommended by the manufacturer. Therefore, the master cone should be carefully selected to match the depth of the prepared canal for adequate obturation.

산욕초기 산모의 신생아 돌보기활동에 관한 연구

오현이,조성경 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of early postpartum mothers' care-taking activities of newborn, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of early postpartum mothers' care-taking activities. The subjects of this study consisted of 100 early postpartum mothers visiting 1 University Hospital and 1 OB. & GY. clinics in Kwang Ju. The data were collected from March 1 to 31, 1991, by questionnaire method. The instrument used for this study was developed by researcher through literature review. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test, ANOVA with S.P.S.S. program. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The average physical care-taking activities score of subject was 17.55 and the average emotional care-taking activities score was 24.35. 2. The physical care-taking activities were classified into six, and their order of getting score was elimination(0.98), cord care(0.79), bathing (0.78), feeding(0.70), recognizing the abnormal signs(0.63), controlling body temperature and room humidity (0.60). 3. "The baby should not be disturbed while feeding"(1.93) was the item which mothers did best and "mother talked to baby using different tone of voice" (0.91) did least among the emotional care-takig activities. 4. The mothers' general characteristics such as family structure and the starting period for feeding produced statistically significant difference(t=-3.05, P=0.003 and F=2.21, P=0.049 respectively) in the degree of an early postpartum mothers' physical care-taking activities. The status of the early postpartum mothers' employment produced statistically significant differ ence in her emotional care-taking activities (t=- 2.77, p=0.007).

복합레진의 표면거칠기에 따른 투명도와 표면 색상의 차이에 관한 연구

조규정,박수정,조현구,김동준,황윤찬,오원만,황인남 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 복합레진의 표면 연마에 의한 표면 거칠기가 표면 색상과 투명도에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 시행하였다. Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Domagen, Germany)의 B1과 A3, Esthet-X (DENTSPLY Caulk, Milford, USA)의 B1과 B3 레진으로 거칠기에 따른 표면 색상을 평가하기 위한 직경 8㎜, 두께 5㎜의 시편을 제작하고, Sof-Lex finishing & polishing system(3M, ESPE Dental Products. St. Paul USA)의 C, M, F, 및 SF 디스크로 시편의 한쪽 면을 연마하였으며, 연마 전 Mylar strip으로 압축된 면을 대조군으로 하였다. 거칠기에 따른 투명도의 차이를 평가하기 위한 두께 1 ㎜의 시편을 Charisma의 A3로 제작하여, 한쪽 면을 600, 1000, 1500 및 2000번 사포로 연마하였다. 각 시편의 연마 전과 후, 연마면의 CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*)값과 1 ㎜ 시편의 백색과 흑색 배경판 상에서의 Y값을 spectrophotometer인 Spectrolino (GretagMacbech, Regensdorf, Switzerland)를 사용해 측정 분석하였으며, 각 시편의 연마 전과 후의 평균 표면 조드 (Ra)값을 Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan)로 측정했다. L^(*)값은 재료와 색상에 상관없이 가장 거친 Sof-lex C 디스크로 연마한 군에서 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 (p < 0.05). Esthet-X B3군을 제외한 모든 군에서 Ra값이 감소함에 따라 L^(*)값도 낮아졌다. a^(*)값은 표면 거칠기에 따라 특정한 변화 양상을 보이지 않았으며, b^(*)값은 Esthet-X B1군을 제외한 모든 군에서 Sof-lex SF 디스크로 연마 시 가장 높은 값을 보였으며 (p < 0.05), Charisma B1과 Esthet-X B3군에서 Ra값과 비교적 높은 상관 관계를 보였다. Contrast ratio는 1000번과 1500번 사포로 연마한 군간을 제외한 모든 군 간에 유의한 차이를 보여으며 (p < 0.05). 표면 거칠기가 감소함에 따라 contrast ratio도 감소하였다(R2 = 0.801). The objectives of this were to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the surface color and translucency of the composite reins. Two composite resins (Esthet-X, Dentsply, Milford, USA and Charisma, Kulzer, Domagen, Germany) were used to investigate the surface color. Charisma was used to investigate the translucency. 40 disc samples (diameter: 8 ㎜, thickness: 5 ㎜) were made by each product to measure the surface color. Ploymerized each sample's one side was treated by Sof-Lex finishing and polishing system (Group C, M, F, SF). 40 disc samples (diameter: 6 ㎜, thickness: 1 ㎜) were prepared to measure the opacity. 1 ㎜ samples were ground one side with #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000 sandpapers. CIE L^(*)a^(*)b^(*) values of each 5 ㎜ thickness samples, and XYZ values of 1 ㎜ thickness samples on the white and black background were measured with spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Mean surface roughness (Ra) of all samples before and after surface treatment was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan). Regardless of type and shade of the composite resin, L^(*) values measured in group C were higher than others (p < 0.05), and L^(*) value decreased as the Ra value decreased except B3 shade of Esthet-X. But there were no significant difference in a^(*) values among groups. In control group and SF, highest b^(*) values were measured (p < 0.05), except B1 shade of Esthet-X. Contrast ratio decreased as the Ra value decreased (p < 0.05). With the above results, difference of surface roughness has influence on surface color and translucency of dental composite resins. 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):312-322, 2006〕

경관영향평가 항목선정을 위한 타당성 평가

오명성,조현주,이현택,나정화 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2008 慶北大農學誌 Vol.26 No.-

This research is significant in terms of estimating the validity by setting evaluation items in view of integrating not only original beauty and visual areas but also natural ecological areas based on questionnaire. The results are as follows. 1) According to literature study, 17 items such as variety, the character of sites in terms of landscape, the beauty of landscape, visibility, and ratio of green visibility are selected. Also, 21 items such as variety of animals and plants species, size of green area, and ecological naturalness are selected m the area of landscape ecological resources. 2) As a result of questionnaire of the group of landscape experts, animals and plants ecological areas show 5.6341, the highest in importance analysis according to assessment areas. Also, as a result of importance analysis on items in each area, for example, in the area of visual resources, the item of skyline analysis is 6.0488, the highest. 3) As a result of corelation of item meaning on landscape effect assesment, for example, meaningness of psychological assessment item and landscape site item indicate 0.710, the highest coefficient correlation. 4) As critical assessment items per unit project, items such as damage minimization of original land features for project in terms of point, ratio of green visibility, variety of animals and plants species marked above 8.0 as high important medium. The project in terms of line, minimization of original land features, Preservation of worthy biotope showed high point and the character of sites in terms of landscape, minimization of original land features, the size of green area, and analysis of skyline marked above 8.5 as high importance points. On the contrary, items for climate and soil showed relatively low points.

무코스타정(레바미피드 100mg)에 대한 레바미드 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,정현철,오인준,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.4

Rebamipide is a novel anti-gastric ulcer agent that has been reported to increase the synthesis of mucus, to increase the mucosal concentration of prostaglandin, and to promote rapid ulcer healing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two rebamipide tablets, Mucosta^TM (Otsuka Korea Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Rebamide^TM (Kyung Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The rebamipide release from the two rebamipide tablets in vitro was tested using KP VII Apparatus II method at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 24.20±2.26 years in age and 66.19±9.41 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 100 mg of rebamipide was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of rebamipide in serum were determined using HPLC method with fluorescence detector. The dissolution profiles of two rebamipide tablets were very similar at pH 6.8 dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two tablets based on the Mucosta^TM were -2.57%, 5.77% and -1.47%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 12.62% and 17.63% for AUC_t and C_max respectively). The powers (1-β) at α=0.05, Δ=0.2 for AUC_t and C_max were above 99.00% and 88.56%, respectively. The 90% confidence intervals were within 20% (e.g., -9.96∼4.82 and -4.54∼16.09 for AUC_t and C_max respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Rebamide^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Mucosta^TM tablet.

유한세프라딘 캅셀(세프라딘 500mg)에 대한 브로드세프 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,이석,강현아,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.3

Cephradine is a first generation cephalosporin and has broad spectrum antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, through inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cephradine is useful for treatment of infections of the urinary and respiratory tract, skin and soft tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephradine capsules, Cefradine Yuhan(YuHan Corporation) and Broadcef (Ilsung Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The cephradine release from the two cephradine capsules in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method with various different kinds of dissolution media (pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution and water). Twenty normal male volunteers, 23.10±2.90 years in age and 67.69±8.04 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 500㎎ as cephradine was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cephradine in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two cephradine capsules were very similar at all dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t C_max and T_max between two capsules based on the Cefradine Yuhan were -2.87%, -0.96% and -4.85%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameter. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g.,log(0.93)∼log(1.02) and log(0.88)∼log(1.13) for AUC_t and C)max, respectively). The 90% confidence interval using untransformed data was within ±20% (e.g., -17.54∼7.78 for T_max). All parameters met the criteria of KFDA guideline for bioequivalence, indicating that Broadcef capsule is bioequivalent to Cefradine Yuhan capsule.

이중에너지 방사선 흡수계측법을 이용한 성인 남녀의 장골 및 경골의 골밀도에 관한 연구

조용석,김경원,이경호,박현진,서상수,오상엽 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density of iliac and tibial bone which are frequently selected as autogenic bone graft donor sites, and to evaluate the efficiency of this method as a guideline for the selection of bone graft donor site. Materials and Methods : In this study 61 male and 70 female volunteers at Chungbuk National University Hospital were involved between Jan. 1998 to Sept. 1999. We measured bone mineral density of the iliac and the tibial bone using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated the data using the SAS system for Windows and bone mineral density of the lumbar was used for control. Results : Age showed the highest correlation in correlation matrix between physical and bone variables. Height and weight showed lower correlation of linear increment. In man, the change of bone density according to age demonstrated linear decrease irrespective of the lumbar, ilium, and tibia. In woman, the change of bone density according to age showed cubic form, which increased in the third and forth decade. So it had a peak bone mass on about 35 year-old, thereafter, the change of bone density slowly decreased until 50 year-old, but it rapidly decreased after 50 year-old and it slowly decreased again after 65 year-old. Both in all subjects and subject with osteoporosis, the change of bone mineral density according to age showed statistically significant decrease in lumbar and tibia, but ilium was irrespective. Conclusion : In patients of aged or with osteoporosis, ilium demonstrated less tendency of decrease in bone mineral density than tibla. So this preliminary study suggested that ilium seemed better donor site for autogenic bone graft than tibia.

디푸루칸 캅셀(플루코나졸 50 mg)에 대한 플루코나 캅셀의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,강현아,이석,오인준,임동구,문재동,이용복 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.2

Fluconazole is an orally active bis-triazole antifungal agent, which is used in the treatment of superficial and systemic candidiasis and in the treatment of cryptococcal infections in patients with the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two fluconazole capsules, Diflucan(Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Korea Inc.) and Flucona (Korean Drug Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The fluconazole release from the two fluconazole capsules in vitro was tested using KP Ⅶ Apparatus Ⅱ method at 0.1M hydrochloride dissolution media. Twenty normal male volunteers, 23.60±1.88 years in age and 63.57±6.17㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After three capsules containing 50㎎ as fluconazole was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of fluconazole in serum were determined using HPLC method with UV detector. The dissolution profiles of two fluconazole capsules were very similar at 0.1M hydrochloride dissolution media. Besides, the pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed AUC_t and C_max and untransformed T_max. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two capsules based on the Diflucan were 4.96%, 5.65% and -13.76%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two capsules in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25) (e.g., log(1.01)∼log(1.08) and log(1.00)∼log(1.12) for AUC_t and C_max respectively), indicating that Flucona capsule is bioequivalent to Diflucan capsule.