Ginsenoside Rd alleviates mouse acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating macrophage phenotype

Ren, Kaixi,Jin, Chao,Ma, Pengfei,Ren, Qinyou,Jia, Zhansheng,Zhu, Daocheng The Korean Society of Ginseng 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammation functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions for disease progression. Methods: To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and macrophage functional status, and their regulatory role on mouse polarized macrophages in vitro, GSRd (10-100 mg/kg) and vehicle were applied to mice 30 min before renal IRI modeling. Renal functions were reflected by blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level and histopathological examination. M1 polarized macrophages infiltration was identified by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining with $CD11b^+$, $iNOS^+$/interleukin-12/tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ labeling. For the in vitro study, GSRd ($10-100{\mu}g/mL$) and vehicle were added in the culture medium of M1 macrophages to assess their regulatory function on polarization phenotype. Results: In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd at 50 mg/kg on Day 3. Serum level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly dropped compared with other groups. Reduced renal tissue damage and M1 macrophage infiltration showed on hematoxylin-eosin staining and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this improvement. With GSRd administration, in vitro cultured M1 macrophages secreted less inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Furthermore, macrophage polarization-related pancake-like morphology gradually changed along with increasing concentration of GSRd in the medium. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GSRd possess a protective function against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via downregulating M1 macrophage polarization.

Extended Epitympanotomy for Facial Nerve Decompression as a Minimally Invasive Approach

Janet Ren Chao,장지원,이준호 대한청각학회 2019 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.23 No.4

For a minimally invasive approach to access the facial nerve, we designed an extended epitympanotomy via a transmastoid approach that has proven useful in cases of traumatic facial nerve palsy and pre-cholesteatoma. To evaluate the surgical exposure through an extended epitympanotomy, six patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were enrolled in this study. The same surgical technique was used in all patients. Patients were assessed and the degree of facial nerve paralysis was determined prior to surgery, 1-week post-operatively, and 6-months post-operatively using the House-Brackmann grading system. In all cases, surgical exposure was adequate. All patients with traumatic facial nerve palsy were male and the age range was 13 to 83 years. In all cases, the location of the facial nerve damage was limited to the area between the first and second genu. Symptoms of all the patients improved by 6 months post-operation (p=0.024). There were no complications in any of the patients. Extended epitympanotomy is useful for safe, rapid surgical exposure of the attic area, sparing the patient post-operative dimpling, skin incision complications, and lengthy exposure to anesthesia. We suggest that surgery for patients with facial nerve palsy secondary to trauma be performed using this described technique.

Ginsenoside Rd alleviates mouse acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating macrophage phenotype

Kaixi Ren,Chao Jin,Pengfei Ma,Qinyou Ren,Zhansheng Jia,Daocheng Zhu 고려인삼학회 2016 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.40 No.2

Background: Ginsenoside Rd (GSRd), a main component of the root of Panax ginseng, exhibits antiinflammation functions and decreases infarct size in many injuries and ischemia diseases such as focal cerebral ischemia. M1 Macrophages are regarded as one of the key inflammatory cells having functions for disease progression. Methods: To investigate the effect of GSRd on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and macrophage functional status, and their regulatory role on mouse polarized macrophages in vitro, GSRd (10e100 mg/ kg) and vehicle were applied to mice 30 min before renal IRI modeling. Renal functions were reflected by blood serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen level and histopathological examination. M1 polarized macrophages infiltration was identified by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining with CD11bþ, iNOSþ/interleukin-12/tumor necrosis factor-a labeling. For the in vitro study, GSRd (10 e100 mg/mL) and vehicle were added in the culture medium of M1 macrophages to assess their regulatory function on polarization phenotype. Results: In vivo data showed a protective role of GSRd at 50 mg/kg on Day 3. Serum level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen significantly dropped compared with other groups. Reduced renal tissue damage and M1 macrophage infiltration showed on hematoxylineeosin staining and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed this improvement. With GSRd administration, in vitro cultured M1 macrophages secreted less inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-a. Furthermore, macrophage polarization-related pancake-like morphology gradually changed along with increasing concentration of GSRd in the medium. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that GSRd possess a protective function against renal ischemia/ reperfusion injury via downregulating M1 macrophage polarization.

Comparison of immediate germline sequencing and multi-step screening for Lynch syndrome detection in high-risk endometrial and colorectal cancer patients

An-Shine Chao,Angel Chao,Chyong-Huey Lai,Chiao-Yun Lin,Lan-Yan Yang,Shih-Cheng Chang,Ren-Chin Wu 대한부인종양학회 2024 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.35 No.1

Objective: Lynch syndrome (LS) is a hereditar y cancer predisposition syndrome witha significantly increased risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Current standardpractice involves universal screening for LS in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal orendometrial cancer using a multi-step screening protocol (MSP). However, MSP may notalways accurately identif y LS cases. To address this limitation, we compared the diagnosticperformance of immediate germline sequencing (IGS) with MSP in a high-risk group. Methods: A total of 31 Taiwanese women with synchronous or metachronous endometrialand colorectal malignancies under went MSP which included immunohistochemical stainingof DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis, andgermline sequencing to identif y pathogenic variants. All patients who were excluded duringMSP received germline sequencing for MMR genes to simulate IGS for the detection of LS. Results: Our findings indicate that IGS surpassed MSP in terms of diagnostic yield (29.0% vs. 19.4%, respectively) and sensitivity (90% vs. 60%, respectively). Specifically, IGS successfullyidentified nine LS cases, which is 50% more than the number detected through MSP. Additionally, germline methylation analysis revealed one more LS case with constitutionalMLH1 promoter hypermethylation, bringing the total LS cases to ten (32.3%). Intriguingly,we obser ved no significant differences in clinical characteristics or overall sur vival betweenpatients with and without LS in our cohort. Conclusion: Our study suggests that IGS may potentially offer a more effective approachcompared to MSP in identif ying LS among high-risk patients. This advantage is evident whenpatients have been pre-selected utilizing specific clinical criteria.

Modeling and Analysis of Drift Error from Stator of A MSSG with Double Spherical Envelope Surfaces

Chao-Jun Xin,Yuan-Wen Cai,Yuan Ren,Ya-Hong Fan 대한전기학회 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.5

For the newly developing magnetically suspended sensitive gyroscope (MSSG) with double spherical envelope surfaces, it is necessary to analyze the causes of drift error to improve sensing accuracy. This paper builds the models of disturbing torques generated by stator assembly and process errors based on the geometric construction and running regularity of the MSSG, and further reveals the generation mechanism of the drift error. Then the drift error from a single stator magnetic pole is calculated quantitatively with the established model, and the key factors producing the drift error are further discussed. It is proposed that the main approaches in reducing the drift error from stator are guaranteeing the rotor envelope surface to be an ideal spherical and improving the controlling precision of rotor displacement. The common problems associated in a gyroscope with a spherical rotor can be effectively resolved by the proposed method. This analysis provides a reference for the structure optimization and error compensation of a MSSG.

SLC39A10 promotes malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer cells by activating the CK2-mediated MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways

Ren Xiaojuan,Feng Chao,Wang Yubo,Chen Pu,Wang Simeng,Wang Jianling,Cao Hongxin,Li Yujun,Ji Meiju,Hou Peng 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Solute carrier family 39 member 10 (SLC39A10) belongs to a subfamily of zinc transporters and plays a key role in B-cell development. Previous studies have reported that its upregulation promotes breast cancer metastasis by enhancing the influx of zinc ions (Zn2+); however, its role in gastric cancer remains totally unclear. Here, we found that SLC39A10 expression was frequently increased in gastric adenocarcinomas and that SLC39A10 upregulation was strongly associated with poor patient outcomes; in addition, we identified SLC39A10 as a direct target of c-Myc. Functional studies showed that ectopic expression of SLC39A10 in gastric cancer cells dramatically enhanced the proliferation, colony formation, invasiveness abilities of these gastric cancer cells and tumorigenic potential in nude mice. Conversely, SLC39A10 knockdown inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and colony formation. Mechanistically, SLC39A10 exerted its carcinogenic effects by increasing Zn2+ availability and subsequently enhancing the enzyme activity of CK2 (casein kinase 2). As a result, the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways, two major downstream effectors of CK2, were activated, while c-Myc, a downstream target of these two pathways, formed a vicious feedback loop with SLC39A10 to drive the malignant progression of gastric cancer. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SLC39A10 is a functional oncogene in gastric cancer and suggest that targeting CK2 is an alternative therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer patients with high SLC39A10 expression.

Risk Factors of Rehemorrhage in Postoperative Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage : A Case-Control Study

Ren, Yanming,Zheng, Jun,Liu, Xiaowei,Li, Hao,You, Chao The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2018 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.61 No.1

Objective : Rehemorrhage is the most severe complication of postoperative patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The aim of the present study was to assess independent predictors of rehemorrhage and find the possibility of preventing rehemorrhage in postoperative patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Methods : Medical records of 263 postoperative patients with sICH from our Hospital were reviewed. The relationships between rehemorrhage and parameters were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. The parameters include time from onset to surgery, hematologic paremeters, neuroimaging characteristics, level and variability of systolic blood pressure, medical histories, operation duration, and blood loss. In addition, relationship between rehemorrhage and clinical outcome were analyzed by using multivariate analyses. Results : Thirty-five (13.31%) patients experienced rehemorrhage after operation. Multivariate analyses indicated that the following factors were independently associated with rehemorrhage : history of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 2.717; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-7.346; p=0.049), and midline shift (for every 1 mm increase, OR, 1.117; 95% CI, 1.029-1.214; p=0.009). Rehemorrhage was an independent risk factor of poor functional outcome (OR, 3.334; 95% CI, 1.094-10.155; p=0.034). Conclusion : Our finding revealed that history of diabetes mellitus and admission midline shift were possibly associated with rehemorrhage in postoperative patients with sICH.

Comparative studies on potential dependent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of cathode material 0.5Li2MnO3$0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 for the initial two charging cycles

Chao Chen,Shu Chen,Miao Shui,Xiaoping Xu,Weidong Zheng,Lin Feng,Jie Shu,Yuanlong Ren 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.2

Cathode material 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 is successfully synthesized by citrate acid assisted sol -gel method and shows pretty good electro-chemical performance. To elucidate the electro-chemical reactions and charge carrier transportation kinetics in the charge-discharge process, series of electrochemical impedance spectra for the first and the second charge process are measured on multiple given state of charges. The rapid augmentation of resistance to electronic conduction and ionic conduction within the voltage range 4.45-4.6 V where the removal of Li2O from Li2MnO3 component takes place gives us more evidence about the complicated “structurally integrated” feature of this material. The relatively large span of the arc responsible for electronic conduction and the extremely large Mn3+ related charge transfer resistance at the beginning of the second charging indicate that after one complete charge-discharge cycle, Li2MnO3 and LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 domains still reserve its original structure and will keep its structure for the followed cycles.

Compensation On-line of Errors Caused by Rotor Centrifugal Deformation for a Magnetically Suspended Sensitive Gyroscope

Chao-Jun Xin,Yuan-Wen Cai,Yuan Ren,Ya-Hong Fan 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.2

The aim of this paper is to design a centrifugal deformation error compensation method with guaranteed performance that allows angular velocity measurement of the magnetically suspended sensitive gyroscopes (MSSGs). The angular velocity measurement principle and the structure of the MSSG are described, and the analytical model of errors caused by MSSG rotor centrifugal deformation is established. Then, an on-line rotor centrifugal deformation error compensation method based on measurement of rotor spinning speed in real-time has been designed. The common issues caused by centrifugal deformation of spinning rotors can be effectively resolved by the proposed method. Comparative experimental results before and after compensation demonstrate the validity and superiority of the error compensation method.

Boundary Layer and Cooling Rate and Microstructure Formation on the Cooling Sloping Plate

Ren Guo Guan,Zhan Yong Zhao,Run Ze Chao,Lei Dong,이종수,Chun Ming Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2013 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.19 No.5

During melt treatment by cooling sloping plate, laminar flow and turbulent flow exist on sloping plate surface commonly. The thickness of velocity boundary layer and the critical transfer distance from laminar flow to turbulent flow increase with the decrease of initial flow velocity. The thickness of temperature boundary layer increases with the increment of flow distance and the decrease of initial flow velocity. The melt cooling rate and melt thickness have an inverse proportion relationship. The melt cooling rate of cooling sloping plate process can reach 102-103 K/s and belongs to meta-rapid solidification scope. Uniform solute field and high cooling rate can lead to eruptive nucleation. In addition, a large quantity of heterogonous nuclei appears on the sloping plate surface, and vibrating flow can enable heterogonous nucleus to escape off the plate, which leads to nucleus multiplication. Under relative uniform solute field and high cooling rate, some grains can keep stable growth surface, go on growing with the round surface and finally maintain their globular structure. However, there are always some grains that grow along a certain preferred direction, but under vibrating flow their dendritic arms break and transform into near spherical structure.