Compost of Swine Manure Slurry Using the Thermophilic Aerobic Oxidation (TAO) Syst

Lee, W.I.,Tsujii, H.,Lee, M.G.,Cha, G.C.,Chung, J.C. The Korean Society of Animal Environmental Science 2004 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.10 No.1

현장규모 (8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) 및 파이롯트규모 (1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m)의 고온호기산화장치를 이용하여 공기투입량 및 처리온도에 따른 양돈분뇨의 감량화 효율을 검토하였다. 현장규모에서 공기투입장치, 거품제거장치의 설치조건이 양돈슬러리 증발량과 처리온도에 모두 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 현장규모 연구는 3가지의 처리방법 (처리A:공기공급량 120㎥/h, 수중펌프 2대, 소포장치2대: 처리 B: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 3대; 처리C: 공기공급량 180㎥/h, 수중펌프 3대, 소포장치 4대)으로 실행되었다. 1일 5㎥ 양돈슬러리를 동일하게 투입하면서 얻어진 연구결과, 수위변화, 온도변화 및 증발량은 각각 처리A: 50∼100cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$, 55L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리B: 40∼90cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$, 75L/$\m^2$ㆍday, 처리C: 40∼70cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$, 120L/$\m^2$ㆍday이었다. 한편 파이롯트 규모 연구는 반 연속식으로 양돈분뇨를 투입하면서 매일 투입량을 처리1: 50L/2h, 처리2: 50L/3h, 처리3: 40L/3h, 처리4: 60L/4h으로 하여 최대 슬러리 감량조건을 도출하기 위해 수행하였다. A field-scale(8.6${\times}$2.5${\times}$2.4 m) and pilot-scale(1.39${\times}$0.89${\times}$0.89 m) thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO) units were installed to investigate the volume reduction efficiency of slurry, by varying the aeration and treatment temperature of swine manure, and the collected liquid was evaluated as a liquid fertilizer. In the field-scale unit, the aeration level and numbers of foam breakers made different effects on the slurry volume and temperature in the TAO system. The experiments were peformed for three cases, using different levels of aeration and numbers of foam breakers: Treat-A (aeration rate; 120 ㎥ air/hr using 2 air pumps and 2 foam breakers), Treat-B (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 3 foam breakers) and Treat-C (aeration rate; 180 ㎥ air/hr using 3 air pumps and 4 foam breakers). With the same input volume (5 ㎥/day) of swine manure slurry, the resulting liquid levels, temperatures and evaporation rates were 50∼100 cm, 31∼$64^{\circ}C$ and 55 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-A; 40∼90 cm, 29∼$52^{\circ}C$ and 75 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-B; and 40∼70 cm, 45∼$54^{\circ}C$ and 120.0 $\ell/m^2$/day for Treat-C. In the pilot-scale unit, semi-continuous flow of swine manure slurry was introduced. 50 $\ell$ every 2hr(T-1), 50 $\ell$ every 3hr(T-2), 40 $\ell$ every 2hr (T-3) and 60 $\ell$ every 4hr (T-4) within 24 hours, in order to find the maximum slurry volume reduction conditions.

A SUPER-JUPITER MICROLENS PLANET CHARACTERIZED BY HIGH-CADENCE KMTNET MICROLENSING SURVEY OBSERVATIONS OF OGLE-2015-BLG-0954

신인구,Y.-H. Ryu,A. Udalski,M. Albrow,S.-M. Cha,J.-Y. Choi,S.-J. Chung,C. Han,K.-H. Hwang,Y. K. Jung,D.-J. Kim,S.-L. Kim,C.-U. Lee,Y. Lee,B.-G. Park,H. Park,R. W. Pogge,J. C. Yee,P. Pietrukowicz,P. Mroz 한국천문학회 2016 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.49 No.3

We report the characterization of a massive $(m_p=3.9\pm 1.4 M_{\rm jup})$ microlensing planet (OGLE-2015-BLG-0954Lb) orbiting an M dwarf host ($M=0.33\,\pm 0.12 M_\odot$) at a distance toward the Galactic bulge of $0.6^{+0.4}_{-0.2}\,$kpc, which is extremely nearby by microlensing standards. The planet-host projected separation is $a_\perp \sim 1.2\,\au$. The characterization was made possible by the wide-field ($4\,\rm deg^2$) high cadence ($\Gamma = 6\,\rm hr^{-1}$) monitoring of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet), which had two of its three telescopes in commissioning operations at the time of the planetary anomaly. The source crossing time $t_*=16\,$min is among the shortest ever published. The high-cadence, wide-field observations that are the hallmark of KMTNet are the only way to routinely capture such short crossings. High-cadence resolution of short caustic crossings will preferentially lead to mass and distance measurements for the lens. This is because the short crossing time typically implies a nearby lens, which enables the measurement of additional effects (bright lens and/or microlens parallax). When combined with the measured crossing time, these effects can yield planet/host masses and distance.

MoO3 / bismuth molybdate 혼합 2상 촉매의 구조에 따른 프로필렌 선택산화반응 특성

차태병,최명재,박대원,정종식 ( T . B . Cha,M . J . Choi,D . W . Park,J . S . Chung ) 한국공업화학회 1992 공업화학 Vol.3 No.1

프로필렌을 선택산화시켜 아크로레인을 제조하는 반응을 Bi-molybdate 촉매상에서 고정층 반응기를 사용하여 연구하였다. α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 위에 MoO_3를 담지시킨 M/BM-series 촉매는 함침법으로 제조되었고, 역으로 BM/M-series 촉매는 MoO_3 위에 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12을 침전시켜 제조하였다. 또한 촉매의 특성분석을 위하여 질소흡착과 XRD, SEM을 이용하였다. M/BM-series 촉매에서는 MoO_3가 작은 입자로 분산되고 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12의 결정구조는 MoO_3상이 추가되어도 그 형상이 변하지 않는 채로 유지되었으나, BM/M-series 촉매의 표면형상 및 전체 구조는 촉매제조 중에 생기는 침전물인 Bi(OH)_3가 소성 도중 MoO_3와 반응하여 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12을 형성하는 관계로 그 조성에 따라 매우 불규칙적으로 변화하였다. 반응실험 결과, 두 종류의 촉매 모두에서 excess MoO_3가 포함되었을 때 활성이 크게 증가하였는데, 이는 선별산화반응이 주로 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12에서 일어나고 MoO_3는 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12에 산소 공급을 원활히 하여 활성을 증가시키기 때문으로 판명되었다. 또한 이러한 활성 증가는 α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12와 기계적 혼합물 (mechanical mixture)에서도 관찰되었다. M/BM-series catalysts, MoO_3 supported on α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 were prepared by impregnation method. BM/M-series catalysts, α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 supported on MoO_3 were also prepared by coprecipitation. Structure and catalytic properties of the two phase catalysts were studied by means of using nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The reaction test for the selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein over Bi-molybdate catalysts was studied using a fixed-bed reactor system. In M/BM -series catalysts, MoO_3 was dispersed on α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12, and the crystal structure of α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 remains unchanged by the presence of excess MoO_3. However the surface morphology and bulk structure of BM/M-series catalysts were altered probably because the precipitated Bi(OH)_3 reacted with MoO_3 during the calcination to form α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 phase. The results of propylene oxidation on both series catalysts showed that the reaction took place over the surface of α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 particle and the role of excess MoO_3 was to supply oxygen to α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12. These increasing effects on activity were also observed in the mechanical mixtures of α-Bi_2Mo_3O_12 and MoO_3.

장티프스에서 효소면역측정법의 진단적 가치

차창용,김윤원,황응수,정문현,오명돈,최강원 대한감염학회 1985 감염 Vol.17 No.2

The diagnostic value of ELISA for typhoid fever was tested with 43 sera from patients with enteric fever and 27 sera from patient who had no known history of enteric fever. IgG antibody was most commonly elevated (in 97.6%), followed by IgA (in 38.3%) and IgM antibody (in 65.1%). On the other hand, IgM and IgA antibody were found to be elevated in 40.7% of various infectious (notably due to M, tbc and gram negative enteric bacteria) and noninfectious conditions. On the contrary, IgG antibody was elevated only occasionally. (7.4%). IgG antibody was most sensitive and specific indicator for the S. typhi and S. paratyphi A infection.

M-ary SS 시스템을 활용한 고속 전력선 통신 성능에 관한 연구

문경환(K.H. Moon),신명철(M.C. Shin),서희석(H.S. Seo),최상열(S.Y. Choi),최인혁(I.H. Choi),김학만(H.M. Kim),허남영(N.Y. Hur),차재상(J.S. Cha) 대한전기학회 2004 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.7

Pseudoxanthomatous Mastocytosis(xanthelasmoidea) Treated with PUVA Therapy

Park, Y. M Korean Dermatological Association 1995 Annals of Dermatology Vol.7 No.3

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of decursin and decursinol angelate isolated from Angelica gigas against Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast

Yoon, M.Y.,Kim, Y.S.,Ryu, S.Y.,Choi, G.J.,Choi, Y.H.,Jang, K.S.,Cha, B.,Han, S.S.,Kim, J.C. Academic Press 2011 Pesticide biochemistry and physiology Vol.101 No.2

Blast is considered the most important fungal disease of rice due to its wide distribution and destructiveness under favorable conditions. Development of new effective and environmentally benign agents against the causal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is of great interest. In the course of a search for natural antifungal compounds in medicinal plants, we found that the methanol extract of Angelica gigas roots showed a potent control efficacy against rice blast caused by M. oryzae. We isolated antifungal coumarins from the extract, and they were identified as decursin and decursinol angelate. Antifungal activities of these compounds, along with kasugamycin, were tested on M. oryzae in vivo and in vitro. In an in vivo assay, the three compounds effectively suppressed the development of rice blast at concentrations more than 100μg/mL. Coumarins showed relatively weak inhibitory effect on fungal mycelial growth when compared to kasugamycin. However, they strongly inhibited M. oryzae spore germination, which was not observed in kasugamycin treatments. This is the first report demonstrating that decursinol angelate can provide control against rice blast and that the two coumarins inhibit M. oryzae spore germination. In addition, the wettable powder formulation of the crude extract of A. gigas prohibited the development of blast symptoms on rice plants more effectively than liquid concentrate formulation of kasugamin, a commercial fungicide. Based on our study, we propose that coumarin compounds as well as the A. gigas root crude extract can be used as natural, benign fungicides for controlling rice blast.

대학생의 아이돌 애착 경험

강민지,구영민,박소진,박수빈,박혜원,원유영,차민희,김석선,이미선 이화여자대학교 간호학회 2018 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.52

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain comprehensive understanding of Korean university students’; experience having attachment to Idol. The findings of this study will help find nursing method to improve quality of mental health of university students. Method: Max van Manen’s hermeneutical phenomenology was adopted for the study. 8 participants were recruited using Random Sampling method: aged from 17 to 24 years old. Data came from in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Max van Manen’s 4 steps method for data analyzing were adopted. Result: The analysis produced five themes: 'Fall into Idol for the first time', 'Affection that infinitely penetrates one's heart', 'Secure attachment towards Idol leads to the route of happiness', 'Exhausted lives due to Insecure attachment towards Idol', 'Idol, who is actually in the other world' Conclusion: These results presented that university students could gain psychological stability through fan activity, and consider it as a leisure activity. Meanwhile, they spent a lot of money and time due to an obsession with Idol, and felt negative emotions like skepticism or isolation because of the one-way relationship with Idol. Thus, Mental health professionals need to encourage university students who are attached to Idol to build relationships based on reality, and provide mental health counseling to help them handle emotional stress.

노인의 약물 지식 정도와 약물 사용실태 및 약물 오·남용 행위

구예나,김민경,김진윤,배윤,서민혜,정은혜,지수현,차미나,Choi, Jenny 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for use in the upgrade of healthcare for the elderly and to provide guidance toward educating the elderly in the proper use of medications by determining the level of drug knowledge, current use, and adherence by the elderly. Method: The participants of this study were selected using the convenient sampling method. Participants of this study comprised of 160 elderly who were aged 65 or older, who were participants to the elderly municipal welfare center in Seoul. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire (Han,2011). Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS20.0 program with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Result: The mean score for drug knowledge was 7.6±2.9 and drug misuse was 4.7±2.8. There were significant differences about drug knowledge according to the following: level of education (F=8.053 p=.000), and spouse (t=2.14 p=.034). There were significant differences between drug misuse and monthly income (F=2.167 p=.040). There was no statistically significant relationship between drug knowledge and drug misuse (r=-.087, p=.271). Conclusion: A replication study based on broader region and in-depth research is needed. The development of the customized education protocol considering various levels of education, income, spouse and physical condition are needed. Further research is suggested to find out the status of medication education for the elderly by nurses.

Microphysical characteristics of frozen droplet aggregates from deep convective clouds

Um, Junshik,McFarquhar, Greg M.,Stith, Jeffrey L.,Jung, Chang Hoon,Lee, Seoung Soo,Lee, Ji Yi,Shin, Younghwan,Lee, Yun Gon,Yang, Yiseok Isaac,Yum, Seong Soo,Kim, Byung-Gon,Cha, Joo Wan,Ko, A-Reum Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.23

<P>Abstract. During the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment the National Science Foundation/National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream V (GV) aircraft sampled the upper anvils of two storms that developed in eastern Colorado on 6 June 2012. A cloud particle imager (CPI) mounted on the GV aircraft recorded images of ice crystals at altitudes of 12.0 to 12.4 km and temperatures (T) from −61 to −55 ∘C. A total of 22 393 CPI crystal images were analyzed, all with maximum dimension (Dmax⁡)<433 µm and with an average Dmax⁡ of 80.7±45.4 µm. The occurrence of well-defined pristine crystals (e.g., columns and plates) was less than 0.04 % by number. Single frozen droplets and frozen droplet aggregates (FDAs) were the dominant habits with fractions of 73.0 % (by number) and 46.3 % (by projected area), respectively. The relative frequency of occurrence of single frozen droplets and FDAs depended on temperature and position within the anvil cloud. A new algorithm that uses the circle Hough transform technique was developed to automatically identify the number, size, and relative position of element frozen droplets within FDAs. Of the FDAs, 42.0 % had two element frozen droplets with an average of 4.7±5.0 element frozen droplets. The frequency of occurrence gradually decreased with the number of element frozen droplets. Based on the number, size, and relative position of the element frozen droplets within the FDAs, possible three-dimensional (3-D) realizations of FDAs were generated and characterized by two different shape parameters, the aggregation index (AI) and the fractal dimension (Df), that describe 3-D shapes and link to scattering properties with an assumption of spherical shape of element frozen droplets. The AI of FDAs decreased with an increase in the number of element frozen droplets, with larger FDAs with more element frozen droplets having more compact shapes. The Df of FDAs was about 1.20-1.43 smaller than that of black carbon (BC) aggregates (1.53-1.85) determined in previous studies. Such a smaller Df of FDAs indicates that FDAs have more linear chain-like branched shapes than the compact shapes of BC aggregates. Determined morphological characteristics of FDAs along with the proposed reconstructed 3-D representations of FDAs in this study have important implications for improving the calculations of the microphysical (e.g., fall velocity) and radiative (e.g., asymmetry parameter) properties of ice crystals in upper anvil clouds. </P>