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김윤원,이순걸,최재혁,Kim, Yun-Won,Lee, Soon-Gul,Choi, Jae-Hyuk 한국초전도학회 2009 Progress in superconductivity Vol.11 No.1
Superconducting quantum phenomena are getting attention from the field of metrology area. Following its first successful application of Josephson effect to voltage standard, piconewton force standard was suggested as a candidate for the next application of superconducting quantum effects in metrology. It is predicted that a micron-sized superconducting Nb ring in a strong magnetic field gradient generates a quantized force of the order of sub-piconewtons. In this work, we studied the design and fabrication of Nb superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) on an ultra-thin silicon cantilever. The Nb SQUID and electrodes were structured on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer by dc magnetron sputtering and lift-off lithography. Using the resulting SOI wafer, we fabricated V-shaped and parallel-beam cantilevers, each with a $30-{\mu}m$-wide paddle; the length, width, and thickness of each cantilever arm were typically $440{\mu}m,\;4.5{\mu}m$, and $0.34{\mu}m$, respectively. However, the cantilevers underwent bending, a technical difficulty commonly encountered during the fabrication of electrical circuits on ultra-soft mechanical substrates. In order to circumvent this difficulty, we controlled the Ar pressure during Nb sputtering to minimize the intrinsic stress in the Nb film and studied the effect of residual stress on the resultant device.
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The Development of Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Viral Diseases
김윤원 대한미생물학회 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.3
Viral disease is traditionally thought to result from an insufficient response of the host to infection, leading to increased replication of viruses and consequently disease. However, the disease is not the simple result of uncontrolled replication of virus. Indeed, the inflammatory response triggered by certain infection is frequently the cause of tissue damage and death. This inflammatory situation can be called as immunopathologic phenomena. By understanding the mechanisms which drive disease, novel therapies may be devised for treatment of patients. I will describe the situations of some viral diseases in which unwanted (excessive, misplaced or altered) inflammation causes immunopathologic phenomena and is responsible for disease induction. In these situations, I will also describe some candidates of antiviral drug which inhibit or modulate the inflammatory response to viral infection.
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Fabrication and Characterization of an Attonewton-sensitivity Si Cantilever with an Nb Micro-ring
김윤원,최헌화,최재혁,이순걸 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.7
We have fabricated ultrasensitive silicon cantilevers integrated with a superconducting Nb micro-ring as a key part of a flux quantum-based force measurement system, and have characterized both their mechanical and superconducting properties by mechanical methods. A 50 nm-thick Nb ring with the inner and outer radii of 5 µm and 10 µm was mounted by DC magnetron sputtering and lift-off on the end of a 410 µm-long, 4 µm-wide and 340 nm-thick single-crystalline silicon cantilever. The cantilever showed force sensitivity as good as 4.2 aN/√Hz at 3 K, which was estimated from its spring constant of 2.6 ×10<sup>-5</sup> N/m and a quality factor of 31000. The superconducting property of the Nb micro-ring was observed from the variation of the cantilever vibration amplitude while the vibration was driven by an excitation coil, showing a transition temperature of 7 K. The superconducting transition was also confirmed through an electrical transport measurement for a separately prepared Nb strip film on a silicon wafer.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat-Mediated Cellular Response in Myeloid Cells
김윤원,김나영 대한미생물학회 2014 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.44 No.1
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells respond to the infection with different outcomes depending on their cell type. The interplay of cellular and viral proteins is a key player of differences in virus replication and disease progression. Myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) play a crucial role in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV. The viral protein Tat, which is the viral transcriptional activator, modulates the expression of both HIV and cellular genes in these myeloid cells. This review will focus on recent advances on the interplay between HIV and myeloid cells and will discuss how this interaction may contribute to HIV pathogenesis. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV disease will provide us with the scientific rationale for novel approaches to prevention.
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Rf co-sputtering으로 제작한 MgB$_2$ 박막의 in-situ 열처리 효과
김윤원,안종록,이순걸,이규원,김인선,박용기 한국초전도학회 2004 Progress in superconductivity Vol.5 No.2
We have studied effects of in-situ annealing on the fabrication of superconducting MgB$_2$ thin films prepared by rf magnetron co-sputtering. The Films were deposited on A1$_2$O$_3$ (1102) substrates at room temperature by using Mg and B targets. To trap remnant $O_2$ gas in the chamber, we used 20 mtorr Af sputter-gas balanced with 5 mol % of H$_2$ gas. To enhance adhesion to the substrate a thin layer of B was deposited prior to the codeposition of Mg and B. After completion of the film deposition, an additional Mg layer was deposited on top to compensate for Mg loss during the subsequent in-situ annealing. We have investigated the effects of two most important annealing parameters that are the Mg-to-B composition ratio and the annealing temperature. The range of the Mg-to-B composition ratio was from 0.42 to 0.85, and that of the annealing temperature was 500 $^{\circ}C$∼750 $^{\circ}C$. The Best result was obtained for the composition ratio of about 10% Mg excess from the stoichiometry and the annealing temperature of 700 $^{\circ}C$. Based on these results, we obtained films with T$_{c}$ : 36.5 K by further refining the fabrication process.s.
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3세대에 걸친 60Hz 전자파 노출이 마우스에 미치는 영향
김윤원,이진상,장인애,최영희,강성하,정경천,김윤명,조민기 대한전자공학회 2001 전자공학회지 Vol.28 No.2
최근까지 동물 또는 사람이 극저주파 전자기장에 평생 또는 여러 세대에 걸쳐 노출되었을 경우, 나타나는 생체영향에 관한 연구는 거의 없다. 본 연구에서는 마우스에 60Hz 전자파를 1세대부터 3세대까지 지속적으로 노출시켜 나타나는 영향을 실험하였다. 실험동물은 5주령인 BALB/c 마우스를 1주일간 적응시킨 후 사용하였다. 실험군은 5kV/m, 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT의 4개군으로 나누었으며, 대조군은 1군으로 실험하였다. 생후 6주부터는 위에서 정해진 양의 전자파를 20-22주간 지속적으로 실험동물에 조사하고 동일조건의 암수 마우스를 교미시켰으며, 임신 후에도 사망 또는 부검시까지 동일한 조건으로 계속 조사하였다. 2세대와 3세대는 임신적부터 사망 또는 부검시까지 동일한 조건으로 계속 조사하였다. 1, 2 그리고 3세대 마우스들은 질병에 의한 사망 직전 또는 생후 46주, 66주 그리고 생후 49주에 부검한 뒤, 혈액학적 및 생화학적 검사 그리고 조직병리학적 검사를 실시하였다. 2세대 태아에서는 조기사망(early fetal death), 성장기사망(late fetal death) 그리고 뇌노출(excencephaly) 및 선천성 심장기형을 포함하는 선천이상이 발견되었는데, 이는 대조군에 비해 2-4배 높았다. 1, 2세대에서는 생식기인 고환(testis)과 난소(ovary)의 무게가 감소하였으나 2세대에서는 아무런 변화를 보이지 않았다. 실험군인 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT 전 실험군인 30kV/m, 0.5mT 그리고 1.5mT 전자파에 노출된 1세대와 2세대 마우스에서는 프종(lymphoma), 선암종(adenocarcinoma), 기저상피세포증(basal cell epithelioma), 편평상 피두유종(squamous papilloma) 그리고 선종(adenoma) 등이 발견되었으나, 3세대에서는 발견되지 않았다. 60Hz 전자파는 태아 및 생식기에 영향을 미치고, 또한 종양을 유발할 가능성이 있다. 그러나 3세대는 전자파 환경에 점차 적응을 하는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 몇몇 국제기구에서 정하여 놓은 안전한계치의 전자파가 생체에 장기간 노출되었을 경우에 나타날 수 있는 생체영향을 확인하기 위해서는 많은 연구가 필요하다.
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