액상형 건위소화제의 방제학적 분석

이홍석,김민주,신예빈,김수명,신성종,제갈경환 대한한의학방제학회 2024 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Objective : Dyspepsia is one of the most common ailments among Koreans, leading to a continuously expanding market for liquid digestive solutions. These products are popular due to their convenience and low risk of side effects. However, there is a lack of research on the basic prescription composition of these ingredients and their precise indications according to Korean Medicine. Methods : Drugs were selected from the Korea Pharmaceutical Information Service website (http://www.health.kr), focusing on oral and liquid products classified under the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety's category of stomach and digestive aids (category 233). Frequency analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence and combinations of herbal ingredients within each product. Additionally, the four properties and five flavors of each product were calculated using their herbal ingredient composition ratios, and Pearson correlation coefficients were employed to verify the linear relationships between the composition ratios of the ingredients. Results : A comparative analysis of 33 liquid digestive medicines revealed that Zingiberis Rhizoma was the most frequently used herb. The most common dual-herb combination was Zingiberis Rhizoma and Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and the most prevalent tri-herb combination was Zingiberis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and Cinnamomi Cortex. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed a strong positive correlation between the composition ratios of Zingiberis Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex. The analysis of four properties and five flavors indicated that products with warm and bitter flavors were the most common. Conclusions : The most frequently used herbal combination in liquid digestive solutions was Zingiberis Rhizoma, Citri Unshius Pericarpium, and Cinnamomi Cortex. This composition is suitable for treating dyspepsia caused by cold-dampness in the digestive system.

재배조건에 따른 맥간의 형태적 및 생리적 특성변화에 관한 연구 I. 질소추비시기가 맥간의 형태적 및 생리적특성에 미치는 영향

이홍석,조장환,Hong-Suk Lee,Chang-Hwan Cho 한국작물학회 1973 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.14

대맥의 생육시기별로 질소비료를 추비하여 맥체의 형태적, 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토코져 시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소 추비에 따른 대맥의 형태적 특성변화의 추이를 보면, 도복과 관련이 깊은 형질, 중, 3월 추비구가 제 3-5절간장이 짧아지고, 지상부 생체중, 단위간 건물중이 많으며, 간 외경, 내경이 굵고 간 벽후가 두꺼워 내도복성인 소질을 보였다. 2. 생리적 특성변화의 추이를 보면, 저항성을 표시하는 좌절하중, 좌절시 Bending moment가 3월 추비구가 가장 높아 도복저항성이 강하였다. 3. 간의 만곡난이를 나타내는 단면계수, 단면 2차 moment등이 3월 추비구가 극히 높아 만곡이 되지 낳고 도복의 종합적인 표시방법인 도복지수가 낮아 도복의 저항성 및 강도가 가장 강하였다. 4. 3월 추비구는 수중이 높고 주당수량이 높아 적전추비기로 구명되었다. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen top-dressed at the different growth stages on the morphological and physical characteristics of barley culm. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By top-dressing of nitrogen in March, each internode length from the third to the fifth internode was shortened, and total fresh weight of the top, dry weight per unit culm, inside or outside culm diameter and thickness of culm were increased. Therefore these characteristics related to lodging indicated the beneficial changes for lodging resistance by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 2. Both weight of culm at breaking and bending moment of culm at breaking, expressing lodging resistance of culm, were increased in the plots of nitrogen top-dressed in March. Accordingly lodging resistance became higher by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 3. Both section modulus and secondary moment of inertia, expressing bending stiffness of culm, were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Accordingly lodging index, expressing comprehensive lodging resistance, became low by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. 4. Both spike weight and grain yield were increased by top-dressing of nitrogen in March. Consequently we came to the conclusion that the suitable top-dressing time of nitrogen was in March.

米粒 心腹白의 遺傳 및 選拔效果에 關한 硏究

崔相鎭,許文會,李弘석 서울大學校 農科大學 1979 서울대농학연구지 Vol.4 No.1

This study is concerned with the inheritance and varietal differences of endosperm chalkiness of rice kernels. Experiments were conducted by first treating with different temperatures, planting times, and various levels of leaf and glume pruning at heading stage. Secondly, clear and chalky varieties were crossed with male sterile lines to compare the effect of ovary and pollen on the development of the endosperm chalkiness. Distributions of F₂ and F₃ progenies were observed, and selections for clear and chalky grains from F₂ to F₃ were made to determine the selection efficiency at each ganeration. Correlation coefficients were calculated between chalkiness and other grain characters such as grain length, width, thikness, volume and weight. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The chalkiness of rice kernels showed the lowest degree at 20℃ when the plants were treated during the ripening period. Lower and higher temperatures than 20℃ increased kernel chalkiness proportionately. Constant day-night temperatures caused more chalkiness than did varying day-night temperatures. 2. Early and late plantings caused more chalkiness than normal planting. However, the degree of variation was less than that of temperature treatment. 3. Chalkiness increased with the amount of leaf pruning at heading stage, while decreased with glume pruning. These trends were proportional to the amount of leaf and glume removed. 4. The effect of temperatures, planting dates, and leaf and glume pruning on the incidence of chalkiness was generally higher for chalky varieties than with clear varieties. Treatment effects were significant among varieties, even within clear and chalky variety groups. 5. The differences of chalkiness between clear and chalky varieties were always clearly found under such treatments as temperatures, planting dates, and leaf and glume pruning during the ripening period. 6. The ovary showed greater effect on chalkiness in F₁ seeds than did pollen when male sterile clear and chalky lines were crossed to normal clear and chalky varieties. 7. The F₂ distribution of progenies from crosses of clear and chalky varieties showed 20∼56% clear, 29∼54% intermediate represented by 1 to 6 degree of chalkiness, and 5∼28% chalky represented by 7 to 9 degree, The percent of intermediate chalkiness was higher with crosses of Japonica and Indica type varieties than from Japonica and Japonica types when clear varieties were used as parents. 8. Selection efficiency for clear grain was high showing sharply increased population toward clear with small variation while chalky grain showed lower selection efficiency with higher variation. Selection efficiency for clear grain was higher in the F₃ than in F₂ generations. 9. Studies on the relationship between chalkiness and other grain characters in F₃ lines demonstrated a highly significant positive correlation between chalkiness and grain weight, grain volume of all crosses, grain thickness in five crosses, grain width in three crosses, and grain length in two of six crosses.

한국 속 재래품종의 지리적 분포와 형질변이 및 주변지역과의 관련성에 관한 연구

이홍석,Hong-Suk Lee 한국작물학회 1983 Korean journal of crop science Vol.28 No.3

재배식물이나 품종의 분화 발달 및 분포와 그의 주변지역과의 개연성을 추구하기 위하여 재래성이 강한 속품종을 전국적으로 91계통을 수집하여 아세아수개국에서 수집된 238품종 또는 계통과 함께 조사 연구된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전수집계통의 66%가 차조이고 이들은 전국적으로 고르게 분포되어 있으며 메조는 32%로서 산간지와 재배밀도가 높았든 제주도에 주로 분포된 경향이었다. 2. 저온(8$^{\circ}C$)에서의 발아율 및 평균발아일수로 나타낸 저온발아성은 수집계통간에 현저한 차이가 있으며 경기 및 전남북지방에서 수집된 계통들간에 변이가 크고 다양하였으나 품종의 지리적 분포와는 일정한 관계가 없었다. 3. 수집계통들의 1,000립중은 변이가 크고 대체로 대립품종은 전남 및 제주와 같은 극남부지방 수집계통중에 많고 중북부 산간지에서 수집된 것 중에 소립계통이 많은 경향이었다. 4. 종피색은 황색계통이 전체의 약 70%로서 주류를 이루고 황백색, 등색 및 회색의 순이었으며 경북수집계통들이 가장 다양하고 충남, 전남 및 경남 수집계통들은 모두 황색이며 회색종피는 전남 및 경북 수집계통에서만 볼 수 있었다. 5. 한국 수집계통은 저온발아성이 중화민국품종에 비하여 높은 계통이 많고 또한 일본 및 중화민국 품종에 비하여 대립계통도 많은 경향이었다. 6. Pheonl반응은 한국 수집계통중 2계통을 제외하고는 모두 -반응을 나타내어 일본 및 중공의 그것과 대단히 유사한 반면에 +반응을 나태내는 품종이 많은 중화민국(대만), 필리핀 및 인도의 품종들과는 분명한 차이가 있었다. 7. Esterase isozyme의 분석결과는 한국 수집계통들의 zymogram형은 ZT-1과 ZT-8형이 주이고 ZT-3과 ZT-9형이 약간 있어서 일본품종들의 그것과 대단히 유사하지만 ZT-4, ZT-9 및 ZT-3형이 주가 되고 있는 중국품종이나 전부가 ZT-1 및 ZT-3형을 나타내는 중화민국, 필리핀 및 인도의 품종들과는 전혀 다른 pattern을 나타내었으며 특히 한국과 중공이 변이가 많은 다양성의 중심지역임을 나타내었다. With the 91 lines of Italian millet collected throughout the whole country in Korea and the 238 varieties from several Asian countries, trial was carried out to elucidate its differentiation, dissemination and distribution, and the ethnobotanical relations to the adjacent area. Glutinous millets which consisted of 66% among the collected Korean lines were widely distributed throughout the whole country, but non-glutinous ones were mainly distributed in the mountainous regions and Jeju island. The variations in germinability at low temperature were recognized among lines, but seemed not to be closely related to their regional distribution. The collected lines with small grain size were distributed mainly in the mountainous regions of middle and northern part of Korea and larger ones in Jeonnam province and Jeju island. And some of them were larger in grain size as compared with that of Japanese and Republic of China varieties. Seed coat color of collected lines in Korea showed wide variations from yellow to gray, especially in Gyungbuk province. However, all lines from Chungnam, Jeonnam and Gyungnam province were yellow in seed coat color. All lines from Korean collection except two lines indicated negative(-) phenol reaction which is very similar to that of Japan and China, while these were quite different from the varieties of Republic of China, Philippines and India, of which 30-60% showed positive(+) phenol reaction. The pattern of the esterase isozyme m Korean lines was simillar to that of Japanese lines and this was quite different from that of Republic of China, Philippines and India. Variation of this trait was greater in Chinese and Korean lines.

한국인 정신분열증 환자의 도파민 D₂수용체 유전자의 TaqI다형성 분포에 관한 연구

서광윤,이민수,이홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.6

Objects : The finding of contrasting results regarding an association between schizophrenia, alcoholism and the TaqI polymorphism site in the dopamine D₂receptor gene prompted us to study the distribution of this polymorphism in a korean schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : Schizophrenic patients(n=72) and controls(n=66) were examined by case-control study for distribution of the TaqI polymorphism of the dopamine D₂receptor gene in a Korean population to minimize the effect of racial differencies in gene frequencies. Results : The frequency of the A1 allele in schizophrenics and controls was 0.48 and 0.29, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the A1 allele between schizophrenics and controls(χ²=11.13, p<.05), but no significant difference between positive and negative schizophrenics(χ²=0,908, p>0.5). Conclusion : This suggests that contribution of this gene to the liability to develop schizophrenia may be possible. However, the possibility that the gene is not a genetic determinant in the etiology of schizophrenia cannot be definitely excluded because of the intrinsic limitation of the methods of analysis, the number of subjects studied, other contradictory findings by other studies and similar increase in prevalence of the A1 allele in spectrum of the disorders that share common pathophysiologic genetic mechanisms. So the present results should be considered preliminary.

위상공액재생을 이용한 디스크형 홀로그래픽 디지털 정보저장장치

이홍석,백상은,김지덕,이석한 한국광학회 2002 광학과 기술 Vol.6 No.1

만주지역에서 일제의 ‘以韓制韓’ 통치방식 연구 -1907~1945년 북간도 지역을 중심으로-

이홍석 한국민족운동사학회 2005 한국민족운동사연구 Vol.42 No.-

One method of Imperialist Japan's rule over Korea by Korean(以韓制韓) had greatly damaged on anti-Japanese Independence movements. On Japan, It might be that Japanese imperialism had obtained much results. Though there were many reason for it, Japan, as the most great power of Asia at that time, objectively had held military, economic strength so that they could meet conditions to organize many pro-Japanese groups. It was the other characteristics of Japan's rule over Korea. Although anti-Japanese struggle groups of Nationalist's fraction would have unified and taken up arms the Korean people against the pro-Japanese groups, they had concentrated all their energies on the struggle for power. Therefore, we had experienced the tragedy of fratricidal war. One of the pro -Japanese groups, like the Sunminbu(鮮民部) dared to retaliate on Korean Independence Army(光復軍). In effect, these activities had gave a chance for Japan to promote and raise pro-Japanese groups. On the other hand, anti-Japanese struggle groups of Socialist's fraction had had the support of the public and taken effect on concentrating the power for anti-Japanese fights. But after their split into various fraction like the Hawyo, ML, and Seoul Party, they had exhausted their energies on power dispute rather than won the public's support and purged campaign against the Japanophile. In consequence, Japan had obtained to form and forster pro-Japanese groups. After all, because the method of Imperialist Japan's rule over Korea by Korean(以韓制韓) was the policy for the antagonism of one race against another, the best way to protect against it was to unify all people and to control pro-Japanese groups.

蜂毒 藥鍼刺戟이 Methotrexate로 誘發된 생쥐의 免疫機能低下에 미치는 影響

金昌煥,姜成吉,金容奭,高炯均,朴英培,李弘錫 慶熙大學校韓醫科大學韓醫學硏究所 1998 慶熙韓醫大論文集 Vol.21 No.1

In order to investigate the effects of bee venom aqua-acupuncture(BVA) on the immunosuppression induced by methotrexate(MTX), three different products with 0.1ml of 0.035%(0.7mg/2ml) of bee venom were aqua-punctured every 2days for 3times to the loci corresponding Choksamni(ST36) in MTX premedicated mice everyday for 3times, and thereafter number of WBC, T-cell, B-cell, lymphocyte proliferation, and splenic natural killer cell activity(NKCA) were also measured. Bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups divided into 3 groups. BVA I was group treated with dilluted bee venom from bees in Korea, BVAⅡ was group treated with dilluted bee venom from 0.1% of bee venom manufactured by Monmouth Pain Institute Inc. in U.S.A., BVAⅢ was group treated with dilluted bee venom from 0.05% of bee venom manufactured by An Tu Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin Province in China. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Number of WBC was increased as compared with the control group in all the bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups. But there was no significance between bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups(BVAⅠ, BVAⅡ, BVAⅢ). 2. Quantitation of T-cell was increased with the statistical significance in all the bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups as compared with the control group. But there was no significance between bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups(BVAⅠ, BVAⅡ, BVAⅢ). 3. Quantitation of B-cell was increased with the statistical significance in all the bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups as compared with the control group. But there was no significance between bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups(BVAⅠ, BVAⅡ, BVAⅢ). 4. Lymphocyte proliferation was increased with the statistical significance in all the bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups as compared with the control group. But there was no significance between bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups(BVAⅠ, BVAⅡ, BVAⅢ). 5. Natural killer cell activity was not increased as compared with the control group in all the bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups. And there was no significance between bee venom aqua-acupuncture groups(BVAⅠ, BVAⅡ, BVAⅢ).

콩의 식품적 의의 및 생산수급과 식용콩의 자급 향상

이홍석,이영호,이석하 대한민국 학술원 2011 학술원논문집 : 자연과학편 Vol.50 No.2

콩은 단백질 공급을 비롯하여 영양가가 높아 예로부터 우리의 중요 식품으로 널리 다양하게 이용하여 왔을 뿐 아니라 지속적인 밭작물 재배를 가능케 하는 중요한 역할을 하여 왔으며, 최근에는 건강식품으로 또 친환경 농업 작물로 주목을 받고 있다. 콩은 세계적으로 99,501천ha에서 223,185천톤(2,243kg/ha)이 생산되고 그의 35.5% (35,130백만불)가 수출되고 그 중 43%는 미국 콩이, 96.5%는 미대륙 생산 콩이 수출되고 있으며, 수입의 반 정도는 중국이, 37.6% 정도는 유럽의 선진국과 일본 등 10여 개국에서 각각 수입하고 있고, 우리나라도 10번째의 수입국이며 세계적 소비수요는 계속 증가되고 있다. 우리나라는 1968년의 313,501ha의 재배에서 계속 감소하여 현재는 75,242ha에서 132,674톤이 생산되고 1,261천톤이 수입되었으며, 전체 자급률은 수요량 1,333천톤의 8.6%, 식용 및 기타는 수요량 387천톤의 29.5%에 불과하다. 콩, 특히 식용콩의 증산에 의한 자급율 향상은 경지정리 및 주산단지 조성을 통한 생력기계화 재배를 전제로 첫째, 밭의 작부체계 개선 둘째, 논의 밭 전환재배 셋째, 북한의 동해안 지대의 밭을 장기임대하여 재배하고 그 대가를 쌀 지원으로 하는 것이며 넷째는 인접국에서 밭을 매입 또는 장기 임대하여 생산 공급하는 방법 등을 생각할 수 있을 것이다.

흡연에 있어 도파민 D2 수용체 유전자 다형성

이홍석,송성민,이헌정 대한신경정신의학회 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.2

Objective:This study was to examine the effects of DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism on the smoking in Koreans. Also this study examined molecular heterosis and gender difference in the genetic effect of cigarette smoking. Methods:DRD2 TaqI A RFLP genotyping was carried out with DNA extracted from blood samples of 187 healthy individuals including 94 smokers and 93 non-smokers, Results:Among the total subjects, the smokers were not significantly different from the non-smokers in respect to the frequency and prevalence of A1 allele, the genotype distribution, or the frequency of heterozygotes. Separating the subjects by gender, however, in male subjects smokers showed a significantly higher frequency (p=0.049) and prevalence of A1 allele (p=0.016) than non-smokers. Also, genotype distribution (p=0.055) and frequency of heterozygotes (p=0.058) of smokers showed some different distributions, but there were no significant statistical difference. In contrast, female subjects showed significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in the comparison of frequency of heterozygotes (p=0.018), but not in the comparison of the frequency (p=0.582) and prevalence (p=0.082) of A1 allele and genotype distribution (p=0.060). Conclusion:No significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in the genotype distributions of the total sample could be explained by the reciprocal effects of gender difference in the genetic effect of DRD2 A1 allele of the smoking. Our findings support gender difference and molecular heterosis at the DRD2 gene effects of smoking.