음주운전자 275명 혈액 중 마약류 및 남용약물의 분석

최혜영,이주선,최상길,김은미,김재균,김영운,임미애,정희선,Choi, Hye-Young,Lee, Ju-Seon,Choi, Sang-Kil,Kim, Eun-Mi,Kim, Jae-Kyun,Kim, Young-Woon,Lim, Mi-Ae,Chung, Hee-Sun 대한약학회 2008 약학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Even though driving under the influence of drug (DUID) is a worldwide problem, we, Korea has no regulation system yet except for alcohol, and there are little cases reported related to DUID. In order to investigate the type of abused drugs for drivers in Korea, we tried to analyze controlled and non-controlled drugs in alcohol-positive blood samples. 275 whole bloods, which were positive for alcohol on the roadside test, were collected from the police for two months ($Nov.{\sim}Dec.$ 2006). The analytical strategy was constituted of three steps: First, alcohol in blood samples were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography. Second, controlled drugs were screened by $Evidence_{investigator}\;^{TM}$ (Randox, U.K.) as preliminary test. It was based on immunoassay by biochip array analyzer. Nine groups of drug abuse were screened: amphetamines, methamphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, barbiturates, methadone, benzodiazepines I (oxazepam) & II (lorazepam). Finally, confirmation of these drugs was performed by GC-MS. Blood samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, U.S.A.). After trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization, eluates were analyzed to GC-MS. Total 49 drugs were investigated in this study including controlled drugs, antidepressants, 1st generation antihistamines, dextromethorphan, nalbuphine, ketamine, etc. For rapid detection, we developed the automated identification system. It was made up a new software, "DrugMan", modified Chemstation data analysis menu and newly developed macro modules. A series of peak selection, identification and reporting of the results were performed automatically by this system. Concentrations of alcohol in 275 blood samples were ranged from 0.011 to 0.249% (average, 0.119%). Among 149 blood samples, just six samples (4.0%) were showed positive results to the immunoassay: one methamphetamine and five benzodiazepines group I. By GC-MS confirmation, only benzodiazepines were detected and methamphetamine was not detected from immunoassay positive blood sample. Besides these drugs, 5 chlorpheniramines, dextromethorphan, diazepam, doxylamine, ibuprofen, lidocaine and topiramate were also detected in whole bloods by GC-MS. Conclusively, the frequency of drug abuse for Korean drivers was relatively low. There was none case which illegal drug was detected. However these results were limited to alcohol positive blood samples, so it is necessary to analyze more samples including alcohol negative blood.

카리소프로돌 중독사의 치사혈중농도 및 조직분포

최혜영,최화경,이주선,우상희,이한선,박유신,정희선,Choi Hye Young,Choi Hwa Kyung,Lee Ju Seon,Woo Sang Hee,Lee Han Sun,Park Yoo Sin,Chung Hee Sun 대한임상독성학회 2003 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Carisoprodol (CSP) is commonly prescribed as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Recently, we encountered 7 suicidal cases in which carisoprodol was detected. We developed a rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of CSP and meprobamate (MPB) by GC and GC/MS. Postmortem blood concentrations of CSP and MPB ranged 22.9-124.4 ,$\mu$g/ml and its metabolite, 26.8-144.5 ,$\mu$g/ml respectively. Among 7 cases studied, Only CSP was ingested in 4 cases and combination of CSP and dextromethorphan was ingested in 2 cases according to the case history and one case was with ethanol. The order of the tissue concentration of CSP and MPB was liver> kidney > brain, and the concentration of MPB was higher than that of CSP in all tissues. The MPB /CSP concentration ratios of urine, bile juice, liver, kidney, brain and blood were 15.7, 4.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.4 and 1.0 respectively. There was a big difference in concentration of CSP and MPB in 7 cases due to differences in the amount of dose administered and time to death after dosing.

랫드 궁둥신경에서 말이집틈새의 형성과 Neurofascin 발현 연관에 대한 면역세포화학적연구

최혜영,조익현,이종환,남상섭,장병준,Choi, Hye-Young,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Lee, Jong-Hwan,Nahm, Sang-Soep,Chang, Byung-Joon 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.4

Neurofascin, one of the members of L1CAM, has been known to have some important roles during the development of nerve fibers. In order to investigate the role of neurofascin associated with the formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure in the sciatic nerve, the localization of neurofascin was studied with electron microscopy, immuno-fluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy. In the electron microscopy, the first formation of Schmidt-Lantermann incisure was checked at postnatal day 6 and the complete form of incisures traversing the whole myelin sheath began to be observed at postnatal day 8. In the immunofluorescence, neurofascin immunoreactive Schmidt-Lantermann incisures were first checked at postnatal day 6 and dramatically increased with aging by postnatal day 56. In the immunoelectron microscopy, neurofascin immunoreactive gold particles at the incisure forming sites were first observed at postnatal day 6 and the number of gold particles was increased as the animal was getting old by postnatal day 56. According to the present study, neurofascin is likely to have some relationships with Schmidt-Lantermann incisure formation.

한국 아동의 행복감척도 개발연구

최혜영(Choi Hye Yeong),신혜영(Shin Hae-Young),최미숙(Choi Mi-Sook),조성연(Cho Song-Yon) 가정과삶의질학회 2009 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.27 No.5

참산부추(Allium sacculiferum Max.) 메탄올 추출물의 지방세포 내 ROS 생성 및 지질 축적 억제 효능

최혜영(Hye-Young Choi),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.6

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 Allium 속 식물의 하나인 참산부추(ASM) 메탄올 추출물의 ROS 생성 저해 및 지질 축적 억제 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 ASM 메탄올 추출물 100~2,000 μg/mL의 모든 농도에서 유의적인 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었으며, 지방전구 세포에 ASM 메탄올 추출물 10~100 μg/mL를 처리하였을 때 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 지방세포 내 ROS 관련 효소와 분화 관련 전사인자의 조절로 인한 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하기 위하여 지방전구세포를 분화 유도하면서 추출물을 농도별(10, 50, 100 μg/mL)로 처리하였다. 그 결과 ASM 메탄올 추출물은 대조군에 비해 ROS 생성량과 ROS 관련 효소인 G6PDH mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 ASM 메탄올 추출물에 의하여 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적량이 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 지방세포 분화에 관련된 전사인자인 SREBP1c, PPARγ 및 C/EBPα mRNA 발현도 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상의 결과들로 볼 때 ASM 메탄올 추출물로 인한 ROS 생성 저해와 지질 축적 억제는 ROS 생성 및 ROS 관련 유전자의 발현 감소로 인한 지방 생성 주요 전사인자의 유전자 발현 억제로 인한 것으로 보이며, ASM이 항비만 효과가 있는 천연물 소재로 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Allium sacculiferum Max. (ASM) is a perennial plant of the Liliaceae family and grows over the entire regions of Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and has currently become a prevalent chronic disease. Adipocytes produced by preadipocyte differentiation during adipogenesis and adipocytes combined with abnormal accumulation cause obesity. Recently, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to accelerate lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of ASM methanol extracts on ROS production and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results indicate that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of ASM methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. ASM methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, ASM methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of both pro-oxidant enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as the transcription factors, including sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α. Our results suggest that ASM methanol extracts inhibit ROS production and lipid accumulation by controlling ROS regulatory genes and adipogenic transcription factors. Thus, ASM has potent natural antioxidant, anti-adipogenic properties and have potential in the development of a potent anti-obesity agent.

사무직 근로자를 위한 사회인지이론 기반 걷기 프로그램의 효과

최혜영(Choi, Hye-Young),양숙자(Yang, Sook-Ja) 한국성인간호학회 2013 성인간호학회지 Vol.25 No.6

소진(Burnout)의 개념 분석

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ) 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 2010 Health & Nursing Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze and clarify the concept of burnout from the perspectives of workplace health and workers` wellbeing. Method: Total 29 literatures related to burnout was reviewed by the framework of Walker and Avant (2004)`s concept analysis. Result: Burnout can be defined by the following attributes: 1) overwhelming exhaustion, 2) mental distancing or withdrawal from work or recipient, 3) supplementally, reduced personal accomplishment or professional efficacy. The antecedents of burnout are as follows: 1) work overload or imbalance, 2) role problems, 3) lack of control, 4) social dynamics issue in work environment and organizational culture. The consequences of burnout are as follows: 1) job-related negative outcome and impairment of organization, 2) negative health outcome, 3) negative impact on individual quality of life. Conclusion: The core concept of burnout is severe mental exhaustion leading to health problems. Burnout and its health issue needs to be studied based on the substantial conceptualization associated with workplace health for Nurses, Healthcare Providers and general workers.

대구,경북권 대학생들의 아르바이트 근로현황 실태조사 및 근로기준법 인지수준 평가

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),백유경 ( Yu Koung Beak ),김태훈 ( Tae Hoon Kim ),최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2012 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Objectives : this study was conducted to check part-time work current state of affairs among university student in Daegu and Gyongbuk area by checking exposure hazard factors. In addition, by using the questionnaire which is intended to evaluation the degree of the Labor Standards Law cognitive, we checked degree of the labor standards law cognitive Methods: We distributed 876 questionnaires at eight universities located in the Daegu and Gyeongbuk area, and analyzed. In the analysis, SPSS was used. Results : Compare to junior students, senior students have lots of part-time work experience especially in Medicine, Pharmacy, and Public Health. The majors of part-time work is mainly Serving and kitchen, Store Management. The duration is generally from 1 month to 3 months. Depending on the Labor Standards Law, percentage of correct answers of the questionnaire which included Labor Contract, working hours, Menstruation leave, the compensation is related each other. Conclusions : We think that university students` working experience under the conditions of the Labor Standards Law is an important subject of study. However, it is important to note that this study was conducted solely in Daegu, Gyeongbuk, and the results only reflect the work habits of Korean students.

원발과 담관 화농간농양의 임상 특성 비교

최혜영 ( Hye Young Choi ),천갑진 ( Gab Jin Cheon ),김영돈 ( Young Don Kim ),한군희 ( Koon Hee Han ),김광석 ( Kwang Seok Kim ),나병규 ( Byung Kyu Nah ) 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.49 No.4

목적: 원발과 담도관 화농간농양의 임상 양상을 확인하여 두 군의 특성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년에서 2004년까지 5년간 병원에서 화농간농양으로 치료받은 119명의 환자를, 82예의 원발과 21예의 담관 화농간농양의 두 군으로 나누어 증상, 신체검사 소견, 검사실 소견, 세균 검사, 동반 질환, 농양 특징, 치료 방법과 치료 성적, 합병증과 예후를 후향으로 분석하였다. 결과: 양 군 간의 임상 증상은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 농양의 특성에서는 크기 외에 양 군 간의 유의한 차이가 없었는데, 담관군에서 원발군에 비해 농양의 직경이 5 cm 미만인 경우가 더 많았다 (48% vs. 16%, p=0.004). 원발군보다 담관군의 농양 배양 양성률이 유의하게 높았으며(100% vs. 69%, p=0.006), 특히 E. coli는 농양(28% vs. 75%, p=0.014)과 혈액 배양(23% vs. 4%, p=0.035) 모두에서 담관군에서의 양성률이 높았다. 양 군 간의 사망률 차이는 없었으나, 합병증과 재발을 동반하지 않은 임상 호전율은 담관군에 비해 원발군에서 높았다(92.7%vs. 66.7%, p=0.001). 결론: 원발과 담관 화농간농양군을 비교해 볼 때, 양 군은 전반적으로 유사한 임상 특성을 나타내나, 담관군이 원발군에 비해 크기가 작았고, 높은 농양 배양 양성률을 보였으며, 합병증과 재발을 동반하지 않은 임상 호전율이 낮게 나타났다. Backround/Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of cryptogenic and biliary pyogenic liver abscess by comparing the clinical aspects between the two groups. Methods: Of 119 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from 2000 to 2004, 82 subjects with cryptogenic liver abscess and 21 with biliary abscess were analysed retrospectively. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding clinical symptoms. The characteristics of abscess were similar except the size of abscess. The size of abscess less than 5 cm in diameter was more common in billiary group than in cryptogenic group (p=0.004). Compare to cryptogenic group, biliary group had more positive culture test from abscess (100% vs. 69%, p=0.006). Especially, E. coli isolated from abscess culture (28% vs. 7%, p=0.014) and blood culcure (23% vs. 4%, p=0.035) were more common in biliary group than in cryptogenic group. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups (biliary vs. cryptogenic: 4.8% vs. 0%, p=0.204). However, the rate of clinical improvement was higher in cryptogenic group than in biliary group (92.7% vs. 66.7%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Biliary liver abscess had similar clinical characteristics to cryptogenic origin. Biliary liver abscess had smaller abscess size and more positive abscess culture rates than cryptogenic abscess. Improvement rate without complication and recurrence was higher in cryptogenic group than biliary group. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;49:238-244)

확인적 요인분석을 통한 또래 놀이행동 척도의 타당화

최혜영(Hye Yeong Choi),신혜영(Hae Young Shin) 한국아동학회 2011 아동학회지 Vol.32 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale (PIPPS) for Korean young children, with a special confirmative factor analysis. The participants were composed of 435 5-to 6-year-old children and their parents, and 42 teachers. The instruments included the 32-item exploratory PIPPS (Choi & Shin, 2008), the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ; Park, 1992), and the PIPPS on parental reporting. The PIPPS was confirmed, and supported the following constructs resulting in the investigation of 3 factors, ``play disruption``, ``play interaction``, and ``play disconnection``, along with 30 items similar to the PIPPS (2008). Inter-correlations between the sub-factors of PIPPS with those of criterion measures were validated by ratings from the PBQ and the parent version of the PIPPS. The reliability coefficients of the sub-factors of the PIPPS ranged from .85 to .92. In conclusion, 3 factor structure of the PIPPS was appropriate to represent the interactive peer play of Korean young children.