Implementation of Asthma Management Guidelines and Possible Barriers in Korea

조은정,Mi-Yeong Kim,Sae Hoon Kim,Yong-Eun Kwon,박혜경,Sang-Heon Cho,장윤석 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.12

Background: There could be a gap between asthma management guidelines and current practice. We evaluated the awareness of and compliance with asthma management guidelines, and the internal and external barriers to compliance, for the first time in Korea. Methods: From March to September of 2012, 364 physicians treating asthma patients at primary, secondary, and tertiary teaching hospitals were enrolled. They completed a questionnaire on the awareness of and compliance with asthma management guidelines, and the barriers and alternatives to their implementation. Results: Of the 364 physicians, 79.1% were men and 56.9% were primary care physicians. The mean age was 40.5 ± 11.2 years. Most of them were aware of asthma management guidelines (89.3%). However, only a portion (11.0%) of them complied with the guidelines for asthma. Pulmonary function tests for diagnosis of asthma were performed by 20.1% of all physicians and 9.2% of primary care physicians, and by 9.9% of all physicians and 5.8% of primary care physicians for monitoring. Physicians stated that ‘asthma monitoring’ was the most difficult part of the guidelines, followed by ‘environmental control and risk factors.’ Only 39.6% (31.9% of the primary care physicians) prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) as the first-line treatment for persistent asthma. The internal barriers were physician's preference for oral medications, difficulty in use even with inhaler training, and concern over ICS side effects. The external barriers were possible rejection of medical reimbursement by health insurance, refusal by the patient, cost, and a poor environment for teaching the patient how to use the inhaler. Alternatives proposed by physicians to implement asthma management guidelines were to improve medical reimbursement policies and the level of awareness of such guidelines. Conclusion: Compliance with the asthma management guidelines, including ICS prescription, is low despite the awareness of the guidelines. It is necessary to develop a strategy to overcome the internal and external barriers.

구조적 충격의 영향과 동적 반응의 추정

조은정,김태호,Cho, Eun-Jung,Kim, Tae-Ho 한국통계학회 2011 응용통계연구 Vol.24 No.5

본 연구에서는 기존의 벡터자기회귀모형에서 내생변수의 충격을 식별 가능하도록 모형의 당기 구조교란항 계수행렬에 사전 제약을 가해, 외생적 충격에 대한 변수들의 장단기 동적 반응을 추적해 보았다. 구조형 모형에 특정 이론에 의거하지 않고 현실상황에 상응한다고 판단되는 식별제약을 설정하여 추정하고 각 변수의 변동에서 각 구조적 충격이 차지하는 상대적 중요도를 계산하였다. 분석결과는 식별제약 및 모형의 추정결과와 일관성을 유지하는 것으로 판명되었다. This study investigates long and short run responses of variables to exogenous shocks by imposing prior restrictions on a contemporaneous structural shock coefficient matrix of the model to identify shocks by endogenous variables in the vector autoregression. The relative importance of each structural shock in variation of each variable is calculated through the identification of proper restrictions (not based on any specific theory but on researcher judgment corresponding to actual situations) and an estimation of the structural vector autoregression. The results of the analyses are found to maintain consistency.

Commutability Assessment of Frozen Human Serum Pools for External Quality Assessment of Tumor Markers

조은정,Sun Hyun Kim,Jinyoung Hong,이혜영,Jungwon Hyun,Sung Eun Cho,Woochang Lee,김현수,오은지,Sail Chun,Won-Ki Min 대한임상검사정도관리협회 2022 Journal of Laboratory Medicine And Quality Assuran Vol.44 No.2

Background: Commutability is essential to harmonize different measuring systems and to evaluate the performance of participating laboratories in external quality assessment (EQA). This study aims to assess the commutability of EQA materials in the tumor marker program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service. Methods: We analyzed commercial quality control (QC) materials, individual patient samples, and frozen human serum pools (FSPs) based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were assayed in triplicate in all samples using four analytical systems at the three laboratories. The results obtained from pairs of assays were plotted and assessed using Deming regression analysis. The criterion for commutability was a 95% prediction interval, and bias for noncommutability was calculated. Results: FSPs were commutable in all AFP, CEA, and total PSA assay methods. Bias for AFP, CEA, and total PSA ranged from –203% to 27%, –67% to 45%, and –9% to 12%, respectively. Commercial QC materials for AFP and PSA were commutable in four assays, whereas for CEA, noncommutability was observed. Conclusions: Our results validated that the frozen serum pools were commutable across different platforms for tumor marker assays. Therefore, validation findings from materials like FSPs and information about their commutability needs to be reported, for the applicability of EQA programs.

논문편 : 도시 신혼기가계의 주거이동계획에 관한 연구

조은정,배순영 ( Eun Jung Cho,Soon Young Pae ) 대한가정학회 1992 Family and Environment Research Vol.30 No.4

수학자 테일러의 선 원근법과 화가 커비의 해설서

조은정,Cho, Eun-Jung 한국미술이론학회 2009 미술이론과 현장 Vol.7 No.-

In the development of linear perspective, Brook Taylor's theory has achieved a special position. With his method described in Linear Perspective(1715) and New Principles of Linear Perspective(1719), the subject of linear perspective became a generalized and abstract theory rather than a practical method for painters. He is known to be the first who used the term 'vanishing point'. Although a similar concept has been used form the early stage of Renaissance linear perspective, he developed a new method of British perspective technique of measure points based on the concept of 'vanishing points'. In the 15th and 16th century linear perspective, pictorial space is considered as independent space detached from the outer world. Albertian method of linear perspective is to construct a pavement on the picture in accordance with the centric point where the centric ray of the visual pyramid strikes the picture plane. Comparison to this traditional method, Taylor established the concent of a vanishing point (and a vanishing line), namely, the point (and the line) where a line (and a plane) through the eye point parallel to the considered line (and the plane) meets the picture plane. In the traditional situation like in Albertian method, the picture plane was assumed to be vertical and the center of the picture usually corresponded with the vanishing point. On the other hand, Taylor emphasized the role of vanishing points, and as a result, his method entered the domain of projective geometry rather than Euclidean geometry. For Taylor's theory was highly abstract and difficult to apply for the practitioners, there appeared many perspective treatises based on his theory in England since 1740s. Joshua Kirby's Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective Made Easy, Both in Theory and Practice(1754) was one of the most popular treatises among these posterior writings. As a well-known painter of the 18th century English society and perspective professor of the St. Martin's Lane Academy, Kirby tried to bridge the gap between the practice of the artists and the mathematical theory of Taylor. Trying to ease the common readers into Taylor's method, Kirby somehow abbreviated and even omitted several crucial parts of Taylor's ideas, especially concerning to the inverse problems of perspective projection. Taylor's theory and Kirby's handbook reveal us that the development of linear perspective in European society entered a transitional phase in the 18th century. In the European tradition, linear perspective means a representational system to indicated the three-dimensional nature of space and the image of objects on the two-dimensional surface, using the central projection method. However, Taylor and following scholars converted linear perspective as a complete mathematical and abstract theory. Such a development was also due to concern and interest of contemporary artists toward new visions of infinite space and kaleidoscopic phenomena of visual perception.

과거와의 대면 : ${\ll}$미르티스${\gg}$ 전시를 통해 기억된 아테네 대 역병

조은정,Cho, Eun-Jung 한국미술이론학회 2012 미술이론과 현장 Vol.14 No.-

The exhibition <Myrtis: Face to Face with the Past> was started in 2010 in the New Acropolis Museum of Athens and embarked a journey since 2011 as a travelling exhibition inside Greece and abroad. The main purpose of the exhibition was to draw attention of the general public to the value of the 'rescue excavation' and of cultural heritage of Greece, by presenting the reconstruction bust of a girl whose skull was found in Kerameikos cemetery of ancient Athens. The new Kerameikos excavation was initiated by the construction of Metropolitan Railway lines in the center of Athens between 1992 to 1998. It revealed a pit of a mass burial where about 150 people were inhumed in a very hasty way without proper funeral rites or offerings. These bodies are identified as the victims of the infamous plague of Athens in the first years of the Peloponnesian War(430-426 BC). The epidemic disease killed almost one third of the city population including Pericles, and brought extreme fear and panic to the Athens society. The traditional funerary rites were totally disrupted, and the social decorum and the morality among the citizens became enfeebled. The plague and the civil war were the decisive factors to end the Golden Age of Democratic Athens. However, the exhibition organizers did not focus on the tragic aspect of this disaster and its casualties. Their main concern was to simplify the scholarly works of archaeological excavation and microchemistry analysis so that the exhibition viewers will easily understand and empathize the living value of the scholarly works of ancient Greek civilization. The centripetal element of the exhibition was the vivid face of an 11 years old ancient girl 'Myrtis', which was carefully reconstructed based on both the scientific data and artistic imagination. Also the set up of the exhibition was structured in order to stimuli cognitive and emotional experience of the visitors who witnessed the rebirth of a vibrant human being from an ancient debris. The museologists' continuous efforts to promote projects of contemporary artists, publications, and school programs related to the <Myrtis> exhibition indicate that the ulterior motive of this exhibition is the cultural education of the present and future generation through the intimate experiences of ancient Greek life. Also this is the reason why the various museums that held the travelling exhibition try to make the presentation as a gesture of memorial service for an anonymous Athenian girl who deceased circa 2400 years ago. The pragmatic efforts of Greek scholars and museologists through <Myrtis> exhibition show us a way to find a solution to the continuous threat of cultural resources by massive construction projects and land development, and to overcome public indifference to the history and cultural heritage.

가정내 인터넷 게임 사용 실태와 유아의 인터넷 게임 중독 경향성

조은정(Cho, Eun Joung),김지현(Kim, Jihyun) 한국생활과학회 2010 한국생활과학회지 Vol.19 No.6

This study examined preschoolers’ usage of internet-games in a family context as well as their level of addiction to these games. Participants in this study were 221 mothers of preschoolers (111 boys, 110 girls) in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Lee’s (2006) Internet-Game Addiction Scale for Preschoolers was used to assess preschoolers’ level of internet-game addiction. Cho’s (2010) questionnaire regarding home environment and internet-games was also administered. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results were as follows: firstly, 74.7% of preschoolers were found to play internet-games. Secondly, the level of internet-game addiction was low, but boys showed higher levels of internet-game addiction than girls. Thirdly, preschoolers’ level of internet-game addiction was different according to their number of siblings, time spent using internet-games, that age at which internet-games were first used as well as mothers employment status. Based on the results of this study, the danger of preschoolers’ internet-game addiction and future directions of research are discussed.

마황으로부터 췌장 Cholesterol Esterase 저해물질 분리 및 규명

조은정(Eun-Jung Cho),류병호(Byung-Ho Ryu),송병권(Byung-Kwon Song),이태훈(Taehoon G. Lee),서판길(Pann-Ghill Suh),류성호(Sung-Ho Ryu),김희숙(Hee-Sook Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

췌장으로부터 분비되는 cholesterol esterase(pCEH, pancreas cholesterol ester hydrolase, E.C.3.1.1.13)는 콜레스테롤 흡수에 관련되는 중요한 지질가수분해효소로 알려져 있다. 식이로부터 섭취되는 cholesteryl acyl ester(이하 콜레스테롤 에스테르)는 소장에서 흡수되기 전에 cholesterol esterase에 의하여 유리콜레스테롤과 지방산으로 가수분해되어야 한다. 천연물질들로부터 동맥경화 또는 고지혈증의 예방제 및 치료제를 개발할 목적으로 본 실험실에서는 여러 가지 한약재료의 추출물들을 이용하여 cholesterol esterase에 대한 저해제활성을 시험관법으로 검색하였는데 마황의 에탄올추출물이 강한 저해활성을 보였다. 마황의 에탄올추출물로부터 용매분획법과 silica gel column chromatography 등을 이용하여 cholesterol esterase활성을 저해하는 물질을 분리 정제하였으며 저해활성을 가진 흰색 결정은 UV, ¹H NMR, ^(13)C-NMR 및 GC/Mass로 분석한 결과(-)-ephedrine으로 동정되었다. 이러한 결과들은 (-)-ephedrine이 콜레스테롤 에스터레이즈를 저해하므로서 식이중 콜레스테롤의 흡수를 저해하는 흡수저해제를 개발하기 위한 기본 물질로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Cholesterol esterase(pCEH, pancreas cholesterol ester hydrolase, E.C.3.1.1.13) which is secreted from pancreas has been known as an important lipase for cholesterol uptake. cholesteryl acyl esters from a diet must be hydrolyzed to free cholesterol and fatty acid by cholesterol esterase before the absorption in small intestine. For the development of inhibitory substances from natural source, we screened many extracts of oriental herbs for the inhibition of cholesterol esterase in vitro. The ethanol extract of Ephedra herba showed strong inhibitory activity. Solvent fractionation and silica gel column chromatography with the extract lead to the purification of the inhibitory principle in Ephedra herba. Crystallized inhibitor was identified as (-)-ephedrine by using UV, FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, ^(13)C-NMR and GC/Mass. These results suggest that (-)-ephedrine can be used as a potential lead compound for the development of inhibitor for cholesterol uptake by cholesterol esterase inhibition.

논문(論文) : 표준중국어와 다른 월방언(方言)의 특성, 그리고 장동어족(壯동語族) 언어와의 상관관계

조은정 ( Eun Jeong Cho ) 한국중문학회 2010 中國文學硏究 Vol.40 No.-

在월方言裡可以看到與普通話不同的一些現象, 其特色可分爲四種: 一, 有長短音之區分; 二, 修飾語放在中心語的後面; 三, 狀語的位置在謂語的後面; 四, 一些詞彙的發音和寫法與普通話完全不同。這些現象在壯동語族的語言裡也可以조到。其特點爲: 一, 壯동語族的語言也有長短音之區分; 二, 修飾語放在中心語的後面; 三, 狀語的位置在謂語的後面; 四, 一些詞彙的發音和월方言相當一致。在월方言中出現與普通話不同的現象,是因爲收到壯동語族語言的影響。其原因在월方言和壯동語族語言的地理上的位置,卽該兩種語言的距離非常近, 所以比較容易收到隣近語言的特點, 在自己語言當中可以表現出隣近語言的語言特色。

어순 연구성과를 활용한 중국어 단문 독해교육 방안

曺銀晶(Cho, Eun-jeong) 한국중국어교육학회 2016 중국어교육과연구 Vol.0 No.23

This paper suggests a plan for elementary level Chinese reading comprehension that utilizes study results on word order and Chinese sentence analysis. Word order typology searches for commonalities among the world’s languages. The word order that typology emphasizes on is, (a) the relative order between the modifiers and the headwords, (b) the PP word order, and (c) the relative word order of the subject/object/predicate. This paper clarified the typological characteristics of the modifying structures in the subject/predicate/object, which function as headwords in Chinese. This method can help learners to understand correctly simple sentences. Thus, for modifiers of predicates, we defined the adverb characteristics, and PP. For modifiers of subject/object, we described the characteristics of structural auxiliary phrases, “numeral+classifier+noun” phrases, and BA -sentences. Lastly, based on the above, we suggested a teaching plan for simple sentence reading comprehension.