방사성 동위원소를 이용한 핵의학과 검사에서 병동 간호사의 방사선 피폭선량 평가

정재훈,이충운,유연욱,서영덕,최호용,김윤철,김용근,원우재,Jeong, Jae Hoon,Lee, Chung Wun,You, Yeon Wook,Seo, Yeong Deok,Choi, Ho Yong,Kim, Yun Cheol,Kim, Yong Geun,Won, Woo Jae 대한핵의학기술학회 2017 핵의학 기술 Vol.21 No.1

Purpose Radiation exposure management has been strictly regulated for the radiation workers, but there are only a few studies on potential risk of radiation exposure to non-radiation workers, especially nurses in a general ward. The present study aimed to estimate the exact total exposure of the nurse in a general ward by close contact with the patient undergoing nuclear medicine examinations. Materials and Methods Radiation exposure rate was determined by using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optical simulated luminescence (OSL) in 14 nurses in a general ward from October 2015 to June 2016. External radiation rate was measured immediately after injection and examination at skin surface, and 50 cm and 1 m distance from 50 patients (PET/CT 20 pts; Bone scan 20 pts; Myocardial SPECT 10 pts). After measurement, effective half-life, and total radiation exposure expected in nurses were calculated. Then, expected total exposure was compared with total exposures actually measured in nurses by TLD and OSL. Results Mean and maximum amount of radiation exposure of 14 nurses in a general ward were 0.01 and 0.02 mSv, respectively in each measuring period. External radiation rate after injection at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was as following; $376.0{\pm}25.2$, $88.1{\pm}8.2$ and $29.0{\pm}5.8{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $206.7{\pm}56.6$, $23.1{\pm}4.4$ and $10.1{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in bone scan; $22.5{\pm}2.6$, $2.4{\pm}0.7$ and $0.9{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. After examination, external radiation rate at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients was decreased as following; $165.3{\pm}22.1$, $38.7{\pm}5.9$ and $12.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in PET/CT; $32.1{\pm}8.7$, $6.2{\pm}1.1$, $2.8{\pm}0.6$, respectively in bone scan; $14.0{\pm}1.2$, $2.1{\pm}0.3$, $0.8{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Based upon the results, an effective half-life was calculated, and at 30 minutes after examination the time to reach normal dose limit in 'Nuclear Safety Act' was calculated conservatively without considering a half-life. In oder of distance (at skin surface, 0.5 m and 1 m distance from patients), it was 7.9, 34.1 and 106.8 hr, respectively in PET/CT; 40.4, 199.5 and 451.1 hr, respectively in bone scan, 62.5, 519.3 and 1313.6 hr, respectively in myocardial SPECT. Conclusion Radiation exposure rate may differ slightly depending on the work process and the environment in a general ward. Exposure rate was measured at step in the general examination procedure and it made our results more reliable. Our results clearly showed that total amount of radiation exposure caused by residual radioactive isotope in the patient body was neglectable, even comparing with the natural radiation exposure. In conclusion, nurses in a general ward were much less exposed than the normal dose limit, and the effects of exposure by contacting patients undergoing nuclear medicine examination was ignorable. 목적: 핵의학 검사를 시행한 병동 환자의 시간과 거리에 따른 방사선량률을 측정하여 방사성동위원소 투여를 받은 환자가 병동 간호사에게 미치는 피폭을 예측하고 실제 총 피폭량과 비교하여 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 병동에서 근무하고 있는 간호사 14명을 대상으로 열형광 선량계와 광자극 선량계를 이용하여 방사선 피폭선량을 측정하였고 핵의학 검사를 시행한 환자 50명(PET/CT 20명, Bone scan 20명, Myocardial SPECT 10명)을 대상으로 방사성동위원소 투여 직후와 검사시행 직후에 표면, 50cm, 1m에서 외부 방사선량률을 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 유효반감기를 도출한 후 병동 간호사가 받을 수 있는 피폭량을 예측하였다. 그리고 열형광선량계와 광자극선량계로 측정된 병동 간호사의 실제 총 피폭량과 비교 하였다. 결과: 병동 간호사 14명을 대상으로 한 피폭선량 측정결과 평균값과 최대값은 각각 분기당 0.01 mSv, 0.02 mSv 이었고 핵의학 검사를 시행 받은 환자의 선량률은 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 PET/CT는 $376.0{\pm}25.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $88.1{\pm}8.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $29.0{\pm}5.8{\mu}Sv/hr$ 이고 Bone scan은 $206.7{\pm}56.6{\mu}Sv/hr$, $23.1{\pm}4.4{\mu}Sv/hr$, $10.1{\pm}1.4{\mu}Sv/hr$이고 Myocardial SPECT는 $22.5{\pm}2.6{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.4{\pm}0.7{\mu}Sv/hr$, $0.9{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$이다. 또한 검사를 시행한 후 측정한 선량률은 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 PET/CT는 $165.3{\pm}22.1{\mu}Sv/hr$, $38.7{\pm}5.9{\mu}Sv/hr$, $12.4{\pm}2.5{\mu}Sv/hr$ 이고 Bone scan은 $32.1{\pm}8.7{\mu}Sv/hr$, $6.2{\pm}1.1{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.8{\pm}0.6{\mu}Sv/hr$이고 Myocardial SPECT는 $14.0{\pm}1.2{\mu}Sv/hr$, $2.1{\pm}0.3{\mu}Sv/hr$, $0.8{\pm}0.2{\mu}Sv/hr$이다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 유효반감기를 도출한 후 검사종료 30분 후 원자력안전법에서 규정하는 일반인 선량한도까지 도달하는데 걸리는 시간을 반감기를 고려치 않고 보수적으로 계산하면 PET/CT는 표면, 50cm, 1m 거리 순으로 7.9시간, 34.1시간, 106.8시간이며 Bone scan은 40.4시간, 199.5시간, 451.1시간이고 Myocardial SPECT는 62.5시간, 519.3시간, 1313.6시간이다. 결론: 본 연구 결과에 의하면 병동 간호사는 일반인 선량한도 보다 훨씬 적은 피폭량을 받는 것으로 나타나, 실질적으로 판단할 때 핵의학 검사를 시행한 환자로 인하여 받는 피폭의 영향은 미미한 것으로 판단된다.

로드헤더 장비사양 검토 및 굴착효율 예측 모델 개발

정재훈,임주휘,이재원,강한별,김도훈,신영진,Jae Hoon Jung,Ju Hyi Yim,Jae Won Lee,Han Byul Kang,Do Hoon Kim,Young Jin Shin 한국터널지하공간학회 2023 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.25 No.3

The use of roadheaders has been increasing to mitigate the problems of noise and vibration during tunneling operations in urban area. Since lack of experience of roadheader for hard rock, the selection of appropriate machines and the evaluation of cutting rates have been challenging. Currently, empirical models developed overseas are commonly used to evaluate cutting rates, but their effectiveness has not been verified for domestic rocks. In this paper, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to assess the rock cutting force, cutterhead capacity, and cutting rate to select the appropriate machine and evaluate its performance. The cutterhead capacity was reviewed based on the literature results for the site. Furthermore, a new empirical model and simplified method for predicting cutting rates were proposed through data analysis in relation to operation time and rock strength, and compared with those of the conventional model from the manufacturer. The results show good agreement for high strength range upper 80 MPa of uniaxial compressive strength.

갑상설관낭종에서 발생한 유두상암종 4예

정재훈,한명월,노종렬,최승호,김상윤,남순열,Jung, Jae Hoon,Han, Myung Woul,Roh, Jong-Lyel,Choi, Seung-Ho,Kim, Sang Yoon,Nam, Soon Yuhl 대한기관식도과학회 2012 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst is a not common disease. It is detected in approximately 1% of thyroglossal duct cyst, therefore the clinical manifestation of the patient with carcinoma is undistinguishable from the common cystic lesion. Clinically, it may be confounded with a benign lesion and diagnosed after operation. The mainstream of treatment is the Sistrunk operation, however, there is no definite agreement regarding further treatment in addition to an excision of the cyst. The role of total thyroidectomy and the radioactive iodine therapy have been discussed for adjuvant treatment. We have experienced four cases of papillary carcinoma arising in thyroglossal duct cyst. In the three of the cases, the patients underwent Sistrunk operation, while the other one had additional total thyroidectomy and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy. There was no complication in the perioperative period and no signs of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up period.

급성 아토피 피부염 마우스 모델에서 한약조합약물의 염증반응 진정효과

정재훈,김경준,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Gyung-Jun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2015 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Object : The object of this study was effected of composed of 4 herbal medicines(Rubus coreanus, Rehmanniae Radix, Houttuynia cordata, Betulae cortex) on acute atopic dermatitis mice. Methods : BALB/c mice were divided 4 groups ; normal group, negative control group of acute atopic dermatitis mice induced by DNCB, treated apply to the back skin with the herbal medicine group, and treated orally with herbal medicine group. Treated with herbal medicine and DNCB during 2 weeks. After treated, measured WBCs, RBCs, and platelet in the blood, and analysed mRNA expression of spleen. Result : Composed herbal medicines could reduce WBCs, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils in the mouse blood. And, could down TNF-${\alpha}$ levels in spleen. In the skin tissue histology results, herbal medicines reduce the cells and T cells. Conclusion : Composed herbal medicines help to another inflammatory disease because they reduce the cells and T cells in the skin tissues. And they have inhibitory effects of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression, and Th 2 immune responses. Therefore herbal medicines use for an acute atopic dermatitis treatment.

형광등기구용 경면 방사판의 광학 설계 프로그램 개발

정재훈,진상규,김훈,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Jin, Sang-Kyu,Kim, Hoon 한국조명전기설비학회 1999 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.13 No.3

형광등용 조명기구에 사용되는 경명 반사판의 광학 설계 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이 프로그램은 조명기구 설계시간을 단축시킨다. SpeROD(Specular Reflector Optical Designer)는 2차원적인 조건들을 가지고 계산한다. 반사판 설계를 위해 고려되는 조건들은 목표배광, 반사판 그리고 Tangent Spiral Design 방법등이 있다. 본 논문에서는 SpeROD를 이용하여 지름 26mm(T8)의 형광램프와 폭 150mm의 반사판을 가지는 균일 배광 형태와 Bat-wing 배광형태의 반사판을 설계해보았다. 설계된 반사판의 형태에 대하여 배광에측 프로그램인 FIELD를 통하여 배광을 시뮬레이션 해 본 결과, 배광과 효율 면에서 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다. SpeROD, the optical design program. is developed far specular reflectors of fluorescent luminaries. SpeROD can save much tirre when to design specular reflectors. SpeROD calculates conditions 2-dimensionally. The conditions for designing reflectors considered in this program are the intensity distribution, reflector type, and Tangent Spiral Design method. Using SpeROD, uniform intensity distribution type and bat-wing type reflectors are simulated in this paper, and alrrnn(T8) diarreter fluorescent lamp and lmnm width reflector are used for the setting. The sarre setting was simulated in FIElD, the intensity distribution prediction program. and the' result represented the intensity distribution and the efficacy simulated in SpeROD were satisfactory.actory.

중소기업용 스마트팩토리 보안 취약점 분류체계 개발: 산업제어시스템 중심으로

정재훈,김태성,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Tae-Sung 한국IT서비스학회 2022 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.21 No.5

The smart factory has spread to small and mid-size enterprises (SMEs) under the leadership of the government. Smart factory consists of a work area, an operation management area, and an industrial control system (ICS) area. However, each site is combined with the IT system for reasons such as the convenience of work. As a result, various breaches could occur due to the weakness of the IT system. This study seeks to discover the items and vulnerabilities that SMEs who have difficulties in information security due to technology limitations, human resources, and budget should first diagnose and check. First, to compare the existing domestic and foreign smart factory vulnerability classification systems and improve the current classification system, the latest smart factory vulnerability information is collected from NVD, CISA, and OWASP. Then, significant keywords are extracted from pre-processing, co-occurrence network analysis is performed, and the relationship between each keyword and vulnerability is discovered. Finally, the improvement points of the classification system are derived by mapping it to the existing classification system. Therefore, configuration and maintenance, communication and network, and software development were the items to be diagnosed and checked first, and vulnerabilities were denial of service (DoS), lack of integrity checking for communications, inadequate authentication, privileges, and access control in software in descending order of importance.

Fruit Quality of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treated 'Formosa' Plum on the Shelf Life at Ambient Temperature

정재훈,김영칠,정석규,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Young-Chil,Jung, Seok-Kyu Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.3

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for controlling ripening processes such as weight loss, fruit softening, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), and fruit skin color were investigated and also the possibility that 1-MCP can inhibit the development of brown rot was explored in 'Formosa' plum ($Prunus$ $domestica$ L.). Fruit were treated with $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 1-MCP on the day of harvest and one day after harvest for 16 h at ambient temperature ($20^{\circ}C$), followed by 14 days of shelf life. 1-MCP treatment delayed fruit softening, weight loss and changes in skin color and TA during the shelf life period, but did not affect SSC. These 1-MCP effects were similar with and without delayed treatment. 1-MCP treatment inhibited the development of brown rot caused by $Monilinia$ $laxa$ during storage. Our data shows that treatment delays of ${\geq}1$ day before 1-MCP application had no negative effect of fruit softening, fruit skin color, and TA at ambient temperature ($20^{\circ}C$). Overall, these results indicate that 1-MCP can be used to maintain the quality of non-refrigerated plums. 본 연구는 1-MCP가 'Formosa' 자두의 저장 중 품질 변화와 유통기간 연장에 미치는 효과를 밝히고자 수행하였다. 수확한 'Formosa' 자두를 균일한 크기와 색깔로 선별한 후 수확 당일 그리고 수확 후 1일 후에 걸쳐서 각각 1-MCP를 $1{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 농도로 $20^{\circ}C$에서 16시간 동안 처리하여 대조구(무처리)와 비교하였다. 1-MCP를 처리한 후 14일 동안 상온에서 자두의 연화도, 과중감소율, 가용성고형물 함량 변화, 산도, 그리고 과실의 색깔 변화를 측정하였다. 과중감소율과 과실연화도는 1-MCP 처리구가 무처리구에 비해서 적은 변화폭을 보여주었다. 1-MCP 처리 시기(수확당일 그리고 수확 후 1일) 간에는 따른 큰 차이는 없었다. 가용성고형물 함량에는 통계적 유의성은 없었으나, 1-MCP처리구의 과실에서는 산도와 과실의 색깔 변화가 무처리구에 비해서 적게 나타났다. 또한 1-MCP는 저장 중에 발생하는 과실의 부패병 억제효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과, 1-MCP 처리시기(${\geq}1$일) 연장은 상온저장시 과실의 경도, 산도, 과일 색깔 변화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 또한 과실품질 유지에 실용성이 있는 결과를 보여주었다.

수종(數種)의 한약재의 Tyrosinase와 Elastase 활성 억제 효과에 대한 실험적 연구

정재훈,김경준,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Kyung-Jun 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2009 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whitening effects and anti-wrinkle effects of a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines. Methods : In the first study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against the tyrosinase. In the second study, a few 80% ethanol extracted herbal medicines were screened for their inhibitory activities against elastase. Results : 1. We showed 28%, 27% and 19% inhibitions of mushroom tyrosinase at 500 $\mu$g/ml concentration of ASR, AIF and ABR extracts and they were showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity than arbutin's. We also could observe that the decreased mushroom tyrosinase activities in RR, CML, LR, AGR and TH extracts. 2. RR, AF and ABR (final concentrstion 1 mg/ml) were appeared 60%, 98%, 83% of inhibitions of elastase activity, and they were showed higher anti-elastase activity than that of ursolic acid. We also could observe that the decreased elastase activities in AIF, AR, LR and CML extracts. Conclusions : These results suggest that ASR, AIF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-melanin activities and represent potential sources of whitening agent, and RR, AF and ABR extracts contribute to the anti-elastase activities and represent potential sources of anti-wrinkle agent. These results suggest that some herbal medicines could be strong potential sources of inhibition about anti-aging and whitening effects for the skin.

봉약침을 이용한 만성 좌둔 점액낭 치료에 대한 증례 보고

정재훈,홍서영,김융기,임형호,조현철,Jung, Jae-Hoon,Hong, Seo-Young,Kim, Yeung-Kee,Lim, Hyung-Ho,Cho, Hyun-Chol 척추신경추나의학회 2003 대한추나의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Objectives : This report was performed to evaluate the treatment of acupuncture Therapy. Bee venom acupuncture Therapy, Herbal medication and Moxibustion In Chronic lschial bursitis. Methods : We treated 1 case of chronic Ischial Bursitis with acupuncture therapy, Bee Venom Acupuncture therapy, herbal medication and Moxibustion Results : After 8 weeks of acupuncture Therapy. Bee venom acupuncture Therapy, Herbal medication and Moxibustion. a remarkable improvenment was made for Chronic lschial bursitis. The patient couldn't feel painful swelling over the center of the buttock and down the back of the leg. Conclusion : Acupuncture Therapy, Bee venom acupuncture Therapy, Herbal medication and Moxibustion were effective In reducing the symptoms. We think that it need the further study and clinical trial for Chronic lschial bursitis.

정상배란성 월경주기에서 혈청 인슐린유사 성장인자 결합단백질의 양상

정재훈,김정구,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Kim, Jung-Gu 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.1

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)s are believed to one of several growth factors that play an adjunctive role in ovarian follicular development. These factors circulate bound to a family of IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)s. It is known that circulating IGFBPs are involved in the transport of IGFs to tissues and modulate IGFs actions at local tissue. The purposes of this study were to evaluate changes in serum IGFBPs profiles during normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and to compare serum IGFBPs profiles in periovulatory phase of between normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Fasting blood samples were obtained from 15 normal healthy women throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle and on the day of aspiration of oocyte from 10 patients undergoing ovarian hyperstimuation for in vito fertilization-embryo transfer. Serum IGFBP-1 - IGFBP-4 were measured by western ligand blot and immunoprecipitation. Serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol was determined by radioimmunoassay. Type and molecular weight of serum IGFBP did not changed during normal ovulatory menstural cycle. No significant variation in the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP was found throughout normal ovulatory menstural cyle. Also, the relative proportion and level of each IGFBP did not correlated with serum $17{\beta}$-estradiol level. There was no significant difference in the relative proportion and level of each serum IGFBP between on the day of ovulation in normal ovulatory menstrual cylce and on the day of aspiration of oocyte in controlled hyperstimulated cycle. Our data indicate that IGFBPs have regulatory functions in ovary through an paracrine and autocrine rather than endocrine mechanism during normal ovulatory menstural cycle.