Terazosin 제제인 티지씨$^{\circledR}$정의 하이트린$^{\circledR}$정에 대한 생물학적동등성 시험

임형석,이소영,조주연,배균섭,유경상,장인진,신상구,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Yi, So-Young,Cho, Joo-Youn,Bae, Kyun-Seop,Yu, Kyoung-Sang,Jang, In-Jin,Shin, Sang-Goo 대한임상약리학회 2001 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

Background : Terazosin is an ${\alpha}-adrenergic$ receptor blocker and is used for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Terazosin can be administered once daily because of its high oral bioavailability of about 90% and long half-life of 9 to 12 hours. $TZC^{\circledR}tablet$ is an oral terazosin formulation that was intended to be developed as a generic formulation of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$, an existing oral terazosin formulation in Korea. Therefore, we compared the pharmacokinetic characteristics and tested the bioequivalence of the two formulations in healthy Korean male subjects. Methods: The study was conducted as an open-labeled, randomized, 2-way crossover Latin square design in 18 healthy subjects. Subjects were separated into two groups. Subjects in one group were planned to be administered single doses of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablets$ orally and one week later single doses of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$. Subjects in another group were planned to be administered in opposite sequence in the same manner. Originally drugs in each period were to be administered in two divided days to 9 subjects each day, to guarantee the safety and well-being of subjects. But, actually, subjects were administered in three divided days to 7, 7 and 4 subjects respectively, due to private reasons of some subjects. Dosage administered was 1 mg as terazosin. Serial blood samples were collected till 48 hours after the drug administration. Plasma terazosin concentration were assayed by reversed phase HPLC using prazosin as internal standard. Pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations were analyzed by noncompartmental methods. We tested the sequence effect, period effect and differences of parameters between the two formulations by ANOVA. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two parameters were compared by 90% confidence intervals for ratios of $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and Cmax and the other pharmacokinetic parameters by student t-tests. Result : There was no difference in date groups when we analyzed the effect of dispersion of dates of drug administration to subjects using ANOVA, for p value was 0.1209. There were no differences between sequence, period and treatment groups, too. Total AUC of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ was $278.74{\pm}79.28\;ng\;{\times}\;hr/ml\;(mean{\pm}SD)$, and that of Hytrin tablet was $276.57{\pm}83.79$. $C_{max}$ of $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ was $26.61{\pm}7.16\;ng/ml\;(mean{\pm}SD)$, and that of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$ was $26.54{\pm}8.46$. AUC ratio between two formulations in individual subjects was $1.019{\pm}0.138.\;t_{1/2}(terminal\;half-life)$, $T_{max}$(time to maximum concentration), MRT(mean residence time) were similar between two formulations. The 90% confidence interval of total AUC difference between two $formulations(-17.86{\sim}22.20)$ was within the 20% of AUC of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$, a $reference(-55.31{\sim}+51.31)$. The 90% confidence interval of $C_{max}$ difference between two $formulations(-2.44{\sim}2.66)$ was also within the 20% of $C_{max}$ of $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet(-5.31{\sim}+5.31)$. Therefore, $TZC^{\circledR}tablets$ and $Hytrin^{\circledR}tablet$ were bioequivalent. Conclusion : Bioequivalence study is a clinical trial with human beings as subjects. Therefore, we should conduct clinical trial with due regard to the safety and well-being of subjects. The dispersion of administration dates is likely to occur in actual clinical trial field. There were no statistically significant differences in date groups when analyzed by ANOVA test, and we could conclude that the administration of drugs in three divided days had no effect on the bioequivalence test results of the

CNN을 활용한 Tor 네트워크 트래픽 분류

임형석,이수진,Lim, Hyeong Seok,Lee, Soo Jin 한국융합보안학회 2021 융합보안 논문지 Vol.21 No.3

Tor, known as Onion Router, guarantees strong anonymity. For this reason, Tor is actively used not only for criminal activities but also for hacking attempts such as rapid port scan and the ex-filtration of stolen credentials. Therefore, fast and accurate detection of Tor traffic is critical to prevent the crime attempts in advance and secure the organization's information system. This paper proposes a novel classification model that can detect Tor traffic and classify the traffic types based on CNN(Convolutional Neural Network). We use UNB Tor 2016 Dataset to evaluate the performance of our model. The experimental results show that the accuracy is 99.98% and 97.27% in binary classification and multiclass classification respectively. Onion Router라고 알려진 Tor는 강한 익명성을 보장하기 때문에 각종 범죄행위뿐만 아니라 신속한 포트 검색 및 인증정보의 외부 유출 등 해킹 시도에도 활발하게 이용되고 있다. 따라서 범죄 시도를 조기에 차단하고 해킹으로부터 조직의 정보시스템을 안전하게 보호하기 위해서는 Tor 트래픽의 빠르고 정확한 탐지가 상당히 중요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)을 기반으로 Tor 트래픽을 탐지하고 트래픽의 유형을 분류하는 분류모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 분류모델의 성능 검증에는 UNB Tor 2016 데이터세트가 사용되었다. 실험을 진행한 결과, 제안하는 접근방법은 Tor 및 Non-Tor 트패픽을 탐지하는 이진분류에서는 99.98%, Tor 트래픽의 유형을 구분하는 다중분류에서는 97.27%의 정확도를 보여주었다.

Graceful 그래프의 확장된 필요 조건에 관한 연구

임형석(Lim Hyeong Seok) 한국정보과학회 1987 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.14 No.1

본 논문에서는 Golomb이 제시한 graceful 그래프에 대한 필요 조건에 의해서 검증할 수 없는 부류의 그래프들을 검증할 수 있도록 기존의 필요 조건을 확장시켰다. 그리고 확장된 필요 조건을 이용하여 graceful numbering을 구하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

철도 지하역사 미세먼지 저감 관련 연구

임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim),인태명(Tae-Myoung Yin),권용식(Yongsik Kwon) 한국경영과학회 2019 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.4

「대학생 프로그래밍 대회(ACM-ICPC)와 프로그래밍 교육」특집을 내면서

임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim),이상돈(Sang Don Lee),김정아(Jeang Ah Kim) 한국정보과학회 2007 정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

경시대회를 통한 프로그래밍 교육 활성화 방안

임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim),김희철(Hee Chul Kim) 한국정보과학회 2007 정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

철도 지하역사 미세먼지 저감 관련 연구

임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim),인태명(Tae-Myoung Yin),권용식(Yongsik Kwon) 대한산업공학회 2019 대한산업공학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.4

ACM-ICPC 문제의 출제 및 채점 과정

임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim) 한국정보과학회 2007 정보과학회지 Vol.25 No.7

행렬- 스타 그래프: 행렬 연산에 기반한 새로운 상호 연결망

이형옥(Hyeong Ok Lee),임형석(Hyeong Seok Lim) 한국정보과학회 1999 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.26 No.4

본 논문에서는 상호 연결망의 노드를 행렬로 표현하고 행렬 연산을 이용하여 에지를 정의한 새로운 상호 연결망으로 행렬-스타 그래프를 제안한다. 행렬-스타 그래프는 널리 알려진 스타 그래프를 일반화한 그래프이다. 먼저, 행렬-스타 그래프의 노드를 2×n 행렬로 표현한 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(2,n)에 대하여 주요 망 척도인 분지수, 연결도, 확장성, 대칭성, 라우팅, 지름, 방송 등을 분석한다. 다음으로, 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(2,n)의 노드를 2차원과 3차원으로 일반화한 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(k,n)과 MS_(k,n,p)를 정의하고, 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(k,n,p)의 라우팅 알고리즘과 지름을 분석한다. 상호 연결망의 중요 망 척도중 하나는 망 비용이고, 상호 연결망의 망 비용은 그 연결망의 분지수와 지름의 곱으로 정의된다. star 그래프는 다른 상호 연결망 보다 작은 망 비용을 갖는다. 최근에 제안된 Macro-Star 그래프는 star 그래프에 비해 상대적으로 망 비용이 작은 값을 갖는 연결망이다. (n²)!개의 노드를 갖는 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(k,k,k)(k=³√n²)와 ((n-1)²+1)!개의 노드를 갖는 Macro-Star 그래프 MS(n-1,n-1)의 망 비용은 행렬-스타 그래프 MS_(k,k,k)(k=³√n²)는 O(n^(27))이고, Macro-Star 그래프 MS(n-1,n- 1)은 O(n³)이다. 이는 행렬-스타 그래프가 스타 그래프와 Macro-Star 그래프 보다 망 비용이 우수함을 의미한다. In this paper, we propose a matrix-star graph, which represents a node as a matrix and defines edges using the matrix operations, as a new interconnection network. The matrix-star graph is a generalization of the well-known star graph, First, we analyze the characteristics of a matrix-star graph MS_(2,n) in which each nodes is a 2×n matrix, in terms of the network parameters such as degree, connectivity, scalability, symmetry, routing, diameter, and broadcasting. Next, we propose a matrix-star graph MS_(k,n) and MS_(k,n,p) generalizing the nodes of MS_(2,n) to 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional matrices respectively. And, we analyze the routing algorithm and the diameter of a matrix-star graph MS_(k,n,p). One of the important interconnection network measures is the network cost. The network cost of an interconnection network is defined as the product of the degree and the diameter of the network. The star graph has lower network cost than other interconnection networks. The recently proposed Macro-Star graph has a relatively lower network cost than that of the star graph. A matrix-star graph MS_(k,k,k)(k=³√n²) and a Macro-Star graph MS(n-1,n-1) have (n²)! and ((n-1)²+1)! nodes, respectively and the network costs of MS_(k,k,k) and MS(n-1,n-1) are O(n^(2.7)) and O(n³), respectively, It means that a matrix-star graph is better than a star graph and a Macro-Star graph in terms of the network cost.

건강한 한국인 자원자에서 테가세로드(Tegaserod) 반복 투여에 의한 안전성 및 약동학 평가

정재용,임형석,홍경섭,배균섭,유경상,조주연,이소영,고재욱,장인진,신상구,Chung, Jae-Yong,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Hong, Kyoung-Sup,Bae, Kyun-Seop,Yu, Kyung-Sang,Cho, Joo-Youn,Yi, So-Young,Ko, Jae-Wook,Jang, In-Jin,Shin, Sang-Goo 대한임상약리학회 2003 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.11 No.2

Background: Tegaserod is a selective partial agonist at the $5HT_4$ receptor. Tegaserod belongs to a new class of agents in development for the treatment of functional motility disorders of the gastrointestinal(GD tract. This Phase I clinical study was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics(PK) of tegaserod in Korean for bridging foreign clinical data. Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, multiple oral dosing(2 mg, 6 mg, twice a day for 7 days) study was conducted in 32 healthy Korean volunteers(M:F=16:16). Serial blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken. Safety evaluation was performed by adverse event monitoring, physical examination including vital signs, ECG and clinical labororatory analysis. Results: Plasma concentration of tegaserod reached peak levels $1.0{\sim}1.5$ hours after single and multiple dose administration and declined with a terminal half life of about 12 hours. PK parameters of 2 mg group were not calculated well due to low plasma concentration. Tegaserod showed linear pharmacokinetic characteristics, and little accumulation occurred after multiple administrations. There were no gender differences in PK parameters. Neither serious nor dose-limiting adverse events were observed. PK of tegaserod in Koreans was comparable to Caucasian data. Conclusion: Tegaserod was found to be safe and showed similar PK characteristics to Caucasians. This study demonstrates comparability between Korean and Caucasian healthy subjects in the PK of tegaserod and supports the use of Caucasian data in the evaluation of PK, safety, and efficacy for Korean patients.