검색 성능 향상을 위한 약품 온톨로지 기반 연관 피드백

임수연 한국정보관리학회 2005 정보관리학회지 Vol.22 No.2

For the purpose of extending the Web that is able to understand and process information by machine, Semantic Web shared knowledge in the ontology form. For exquisite query processing, this paper proposes a method to use semantic relations in the ontology as relevance feedback information to query expansion. We made experiment on pharmacy domain. And in order to verify the effectiveness of the semantic relation in the ontology, we compared a keyword based document retrieval system that gives weights by using the frequency information compared with an ontology based document retrieval system that uses relevant information existed in the ontology to a relevant feedback. From the evaluation of the retrieval performance, we knew that search engine used the concepts and relations in ontology for improving precision effectively. Also it used them for the basis of the inference for improvement the retrieval performance. 기계가 정보의 의미를 이해하고 처리할 수 있도록 기존의 웹을 확장하는 것을 목적으로 하는 시멘틱 웹은 온톨로지를 이용하여 지식을 공유하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 정교한 질의의 처리를 위하여 온톨로지 내에 존재하는 의미 관계들을 질의의 확장을 위한 연관피드백 정보로 이용하는 방안을 제안한다. 실험은 도메인 온톨로지인 Medicine 온톨로지를 대상으로 하였으며, 출현 용어들의 빈도정보만을 이용한 키워드기반 문서검색과 제안한 온톨로지기반 문서검색의 성능을 비교하였다. 이 때, 두 시스템의 정확률과 재현율을 성능 평가의 기준으로 삼았다. 그 결과, 검색 엔진은 온톨로지에 정의된 개념들과 규칙들을 활용하면서 검색의 정확률을 향상시키는데 도움이 되었고 검색 성능을 향상시키기 위한 추론의 기반으로도 사용될 수 있었다.

임직원의 배임적 부정행위와 법인에 대한 장기 부과제척기간, 부당과소신고가산세 적용

임수연 사법발전재단 2021 사법 Vol.1 No.56

The Supreme Court previously determined that unlawful act of the representative, employee, or any other worker of a taxpayer, who receives any benefit through the expansion of the scope of such acts as a person who is delegated for related affairs by the taxpayer, as well as a taxpayer’s unlawful act are subject to the application of the long-term imposition exclusion period on the grounds of unlawful acts of a representative or performance assistant unless there are extenuating circumstances, etc. where the taxpayer has not been negligent in giving due care and performing his/her duty of management and supervision in order to prevent unlawful acts of his/her employee, etc. However, in the case where his/her employee, etc. performed unlawful act by breach of trust, such as concealing the taxpayer’s property, in the process of committing crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, etc., whose victim is the taxpayer, even if the taxpayer has been negligent in giving due care and performing his/her duty of management and supervision in relation to unlawful act of his/her employee, etc., whether additional taxes on unfair underreported return and long-term imposition exclusion period may be applied to the taxpayer on the grounds of their unlawful act became an issue. Additional taxes on unfair underreported return is to impose severe sanctions on a taxpayer on the grounds of unlawful act, and thus a new legal principle that severe sanctions such as additional taxes on unfair underreported return of 40% exceeding general additional tax of understatement cannot be imposed on the taxpayer on the grounds of unlawful act by breach of trust by his/her employee, etc. in view of the principle of personal responsibility and excessive prohibition principle under the Constitution of the Republic of Korea when there are special circumstances, such as the case where a transaction partner joins in unlawful act by breach of trust performed by his/her employee, etc., which cannot be easily recognized or expected by the taxpayer was proclaimed . On the other hand, in regard to long-term imposition exclusion period, it is revealed that the taxpayer rather obtains an advantage such as avoiding the imposition and collection of national taxes, while it became difficult for tax authorities to exercise the right to impose national taxes due to unlawful acts by breach of trust of his/her employee, etc., but if there has been any negligence on the part of the taxpayer with respect to the appointment, management, and supervision of his/her employee, etc., it cannot be deemed that the taxpayer is not responsible for the interference with the exercise of the right to impose national taxes, and thus applying long-term imposition exclusion period to the taxpayer on the grounds of unlawful act by breach of trust of his/her employee, etc. is reasonable. As such, in relation to unlawful act by breach of trust performed by third parties including his/her employee, etc. which the taxpayer cannot easily recognize or expect although there has been any negligence on the part of the taxpayer in regard to the appointment, management, and supervision, the interpretation that the heavy imposition of additional taxes on unfair underreported return is denied, while long-term imposition exclusion period is applied ought to be seen as a result of constitutional interpretation of the law which considered the purpose of each system and concrete validity, not contravening the text and language of the provision of the former framework Act on National Taxes. 종래 대법원은 대리인, 이행보조자의 부정한 행위를 이유로 한 장기 부과제척기간 적용의 문제에 있어 납세자 본인의 부정한 행위뿐만 아니라 납세자가 스스로 관련 업무의 처리를 맡김으로써 그 행위영역 확장의 이익을 얻게 되는 납세자의 대리인이나 사용인, 그 밖의 종업원의 부정한 행위도, 납세자 본인이 사용인 등의 부정한 행위를 방지하기 위하여 상당한 주의 또는 관리·감독을 게을리하지 아니하였다는 등의 특별한 사정이 없는 한, 포함된다고 하였다. 그러나 비록 납세자 본인이 사용인 등의 부정한 행위와 관련하여 상당한 주의와 관리·감독을 다하지는 못하였다고 하더라도 사용인 등이 납세자 본인을 피해자로 하는 사기, 배임 등의 범행을 저지르는 과정에서 납세자 본인의 소득을 은닉하는 등 배임적 부정행위를 하였을 경우 이들의 부정한 행위를 이유로 납세자에게 부당과소신고가산세와 장기 부과제척기간을 적용할 수 있는지의 문제가 대두되었다. 부당과소신고가산세는 부정한 행위를 이유로 납세자에게 중한 제재를 가하는 것인 만큼, 사용인 등의 배임적 부정행위에 거래상대방이 가담하는 등 납세자가 이를 쉽게 인식하거나 예상할 수 없었던 특별한 사정이 있는 경우에는 헌법상 자기책임의 원리, 과잉금지의 원칙에 비추어 사용인 등의 배임적 부정행위를 이유로 납세자 본인에게 일반과소신고가산세의 제재를 넘는 40%의 부당과소신고가산세의 중한 제재를 가할 수 없다는 새로운 법리를 선언했다. 반면, 장기 부과제척기간의 경우에는 비록 사용인 등의 배임적 부정행위로 인해 납세자가 오히려 국세의 부과와 징수를 면할 수 있는 이익을 얻은 반면 과세관청의 국세 부과권 행사가 어렵게 되었는데, 납세자에게 사용자에 대한 선임, 관리·감독상의 과실이 있었다면, 국세의 부과권 행사가 방해된 데에 납세자 측에 전혀 책임이 없다고 할 수 없으므로 사용인 등의 배임적 부정행위를 이유로 납세자에게 장기 부과제척기간을 적용하는 것은 타당함을 밝혔다. 이와 같이 납세자에게 선임, 관리·감독상의 과실은 있었으나 납세자가 이를 쉽게 인식하거나 예상할 수 없었던 사용인 등 제3자가 행한 배임적 부정행위를 놓고, 부당과소신고가산세의 중과를 부정하는 한편, 장기 부과제척기간을 적용하는 해석은, 구 국세기본법 규정의 문언에 어긋나지 않으면서도 각 제도의 취지와 구체적 타당성을 고려한 합헌적 법률해석의 결과라고 보아야 한다.

Visual Dynamics Model for 3D Text Visualization

임수연 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 International Journal of Contents Vol.14 No.4

Text has evolved along with the history of art as a means of communicating human intentions and emotions. In addition, text visualization artworks have been combined with the social form and contents of new media to produce social messages and related meanings. Recently, in text visualization artworks combined with digital media, communication forms with viewers are changing instantly and interactively, and viewers are actively participating in creating artworks by direct engagement. Interactive text visualization with additional viewer's interaction, generates external dynamics from text shapes and internal dynamics from embedded meanings of text. The purpose of this study is to propose a visual dynamics model to express the dynamics of text and to implement a text visualization system based on the model. It uses the deconstruction of the imaged text to create an interactive text visualization system that reacts to the gestures of the viewer in real time. Visual Transformation synchronized with the intentions of the viewer prevent the text from remaining in the interpretation of language symbols and extend the various meanings of the text. The visualized text in various forms shows visual dynamics that interpret the meaning according to the cultural background of the viewer.

Analysis of the Competency-based English Curriculum in Singapore

임수연 한국영어교과교육학회 2017 영어교과교육 Vol.16 No.3

The revised 2015 national curriculum in Korea adopted a competency-based curriculum approach. Although the concept of ‘competency’ is not new in general education, the meaning of competency-based education is not clear. This is because the discussion of competency has focused mostly on identification of competencies in general education. When it comes to a specific subject, competency-based education has not been adequately addressed. The present study analyzes the competency-based curriculum of English in Singapore so as to gain insights into the competency-based curriculum of English in Korea. Two implications were drawn from the analysis. First, the English syllabus in Singapore uses its own framework in organizing contents. Four skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing) are considered to be the four areas of language learning (listening and viewing, speaking and representing, reading and viewing, writing and representing). Second, key competencies are well incorporated into the English syllabus in Singapore. Learning outcomes in particular include components of SSAB(strategies, skills attitude, and behaviour). The study discusses the implications of developing a competency-based curriculum of English in Korea.

초등학생들의 조건문 학습을 위한 교수 학습 프로그램 개발

임수연,김갑수 한국정보교육학회 2018 정보교육학회 학술논문집 Vol.9 No.1

4차 산업혁명이 다가오면서 학생들의 창의력 신장은 매우 중요해졌다. 이런 창의성 교육을 위해 초등학교에 서도 소프트웨어 교육을 강조하고 교육과정에 반영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초등학생들을 위한 컴퓨터 프로그 래밍의 성취기준 중 조건문과 관련된 성취기준을 학습하기 위한 교수 학습 프로그램을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안한 학습 방법은 언플러그드 활동과 프로그래밍 활동의 2단계 전략이다. 즉, 1단계 전략에서 학생들이 충분히 학습한 후에 2단계 전략인 프로그래밍 활동으로 넘어가는 전략이다. 본 연구의 결과는 학습자들은 이를 통해 컴퓨터적 사고를 신장하고 문제 해결을 위한 프로그래밍을 할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다. As the Fourth Industrial Revolution approached, students' creativity became very important. For this creativity education, elementary school also emphasizes software education and reflects it in the curriculum. In this study, we propose a concrete program based on the achievement criteria related to the conditional statement among the achievement criteria of computer programming for elementary school students. In particular, we introduced various programming activities according to the development level of elementary school students, and introduced the unplugged method to understand the principle of programming. It is expected that learners will be able to develop computer thinking and programming for problem solving.

Deep Neck Inflammation: Probable Kawasaki Disease in Korean Children

임수연,이나영,한승범,정대철,강진한 대한이비인후과학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.13 No.1

Objectives. Deep neck infections (DNIs) can cause life-threatening complications, and prompt diagnosis and management are necessary. Kawasaki disease (KD) may be accompanied by deep neck inflammation; making it difficult to distinguish from DNIs. This study was performed to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of children with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal inflammation. Methods. Medical records of the children diagnosed with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal cellulitis or abscess using cervical computed tomography (CT) between 2013 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results. A total of 47 children were diagnosed with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal inflammation. Eleven (23.4%) of them were eventually diagnosed with KD, and 36 (76.6%) were diagnosed with DNIs. There were no significantly different clinical and laboratory characteristics on admission between children diagnosed with KD and DNIs; however, significantly more children with KD were febrile for ≥3 days after admission compared to those with DNIs (P=0.009). Deep neck abscesses on CT were observed in 16 children with DNIs (44.4%) and in no child with KD (P=0.009). Among the 36 children with DNIs, 30 (83.3%) were cured with antibiotic therapy only. Conclusion. A quarter of children presenting with deep neck inflammation were diagnosed with KD. KD should be considered in children showing deep neck inflammation unresponsive to empirical antibiotic therapy after 3 days, especially in those presenting with deep neck cellulitis rather than deep neck abscess.

복막투석 환자의 빈혈 관리에 있어 에리스로포이에틴 자극제의 사용현황 및 비교평가

임수연,진혜경,김선아,이은경,이정연 한국임상약학회 2014 한국임상약학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: This was to evaluate the current usage of three erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA) and their efficacy for management of anemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: It was a retrospective comparative study through review of electronic medical records of chronic kidney disease patients undergoing PD at a tertiary teaching hospital from January 1998 to June 2013. Results: Average administration frequency was 1.66 times/week in EPO group, 0.75 times/week in DA group, and 0.19 times/week in MPG-EPO group. At the first 4 weeks, there were significant differences in mean hemoglobin levels between EPO and DA groups (9.25± 1.28 g/dL, 10.02±0.95 g/dL each, p = 0.018) and also in hemoglobin response rates (10.0%, 45.2% each, p = 0.008), but since after 4 week, there had been no significant differences. There also showed no significant differences in achievement of hemoglobin target between the two groups. When converted to MPG-EPO in EPO/DA groups, there showed a slight increase in hemoglobin levels of both groups. MPG-EPO was the highest compared with two other drugs by the average cost based on the average weekly dose. Conclusion: EPO, DA, and MPG-EPO showed similar effects in treatment of anemia of PD patients based on hemoglobin target range (11.0~12.0 g/dL) which NFK-K/DOQI guidelines suggest. Though the average cost of MPG-EPO was higher than the other two drugs, the number of PD patients using MPGEPO has increased and it is thought that long half-life and low administration frequency of MPG-EPO have improved the compliance of PD patients who have to self-administrate.

Observation of unexpected secondary phases in CZTSe solar cell using Raman spectroscopy

임수연,( Tharith Sriv ),오지아,김삼미,김세윤,양기정,강진규,김대환,전찬욱,정현식 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-

Raman spectroscopy is a widely used tool to detect secondary phases in Cu₂ZnSnSSe₄ (CZTSSe) solar cells without damaging samples. Since a small amount of the secondary phases can cause a performance drop in CZTS/Se solar cell devices, identifying secondary phases is important. Since Raman signals are highly sensitive to the existence of secondary phases using the resonance Raman effect, it is possible to detect a small amount of secondary phases in the solar cell. We carried out Raman spectroscopy with four lasers as excitation energies. We observed unusual secondary phases, ZnO and S/Se alloy in our CZTSSe absorber layer. ZnO is usually used as an n-type TCO layer in CZTSe solar cells, but a ZnO layer was not initially deposited on our absorber layer. Additionally, we found that ZnO can be formed when high power UV laser is irradiated on CZTSe. For S/Se alloy, we compared Raman signals from S/Se alloy clusters to S and Se powders.

환승통행과 토지이용의 연관성 분석

임수연,이향숙,추상호 한국ITS학회 2016 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 서울시의 환승통행 특성을 분석하고 토지이용이 환승통행에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 서울시의 2013년 4월 평일 하루치 교통카드자료를 이용하여 환승통행의 일반적인 특성을 분석하고, 토지이용과 사회경제지표 등을 독립변수로 고려한 환승통행량의 다중선형 회귀모형을 구축하였다. 환승통행특성의 경우, 환승통행 이 전체 통행의 26.7%를 차지하였으며, 이 중 1회 환승한 경우가 86.4%로 대부분이었다. 또한 버스-지하철간 환승이 64.7%로 큰 비중을 차지하였며, 주로 지하철 역 및 업무시설이 다수 위치하는 곳에서 환승통행이 많이 발생하였다. 회 귀모형 구축 결과, 업무시설면적비율 및 백화점시설의 면적비가 높거나 복합토지이용도가 높은 지역일수록 환승통행량 이 많아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 복합환승센터와 같이 도시 내 환승통행을 고려하는 교통시설의 입지 선정을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This paper is to analyze characteristics of transfer trips and to identify impacts of land use on them. Using the smart transport card data of Seoul on a weekday in April 2013, we explored general characteristics of the transfer trips such as spatial and temporal distributions, transfer types, and geographical patterns of transfer trips. Then, the multiple regression model for the transfer trips was developed, considering land use as well as socio-economic variables as explanatory ones. For the characteristics of the transfer trips, their ratio to the total trips accounts for 26.7%. Nearly 87% of the trips are one-time transferred, and 64.7% are bus-subway transfer trips. In addition, the transfer trips are more likely to appear nearby subway stations and business facilities. The regression model indicates that land use variables such as the floor areas of business facilities and department stores and mixed land use index significantly positively affect the transfer trips. Our results can be used as basic data for choosing feasible locations of multi-modal transfer centers in urban areas.

[P8-93] 고미네랄 해양심층수를 이용한 해조류 추출물의 항노화 및 미용관련 건강 기능식품의 가능성 고찰

임수연,김남철,장해진,조은경,김선화,추용식 한국식품영양과학회 2008 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2008 No.10